Socio-Economic Status Flashcards
Engel, 1977, 1980
incorporates bio, psycho and social factor that effect health
Socio- Economic Status (SES)
is a multidimensional construct.
variables defined according to resources in relation to others.
SES can be measured in terms of employment, income, housing and social support.
Material deprivation
reflects the access people have to material goods and resources. access to these goods and resources are seen as virtue of their membership in society.
Social Deprivation
separately distinguished as relating to people’s roles and relationships, membership and social contacts in society.
Multiple Deprivation
the occurrence of several forms of deprivation concurrently, such as low income, poor housing and unemployment.
Health Inequalities
the difference in health between best and worst off in society.
Association between SES and health
inverse relationship between SES and ill health is common occurrence in studies.
Life expectancy - Healthy life expectancy
Life expectancy is increasing but on average the last 10 years of the life expectancy is lived in ill health. depending on where you live this could be more years. which means that there is a demanding on health care for a long period of time, have costly impacts. interventions can help people live a healthier longer life.
Psychosocial Factors
stress:
Work related stress.
there is an association between stress at work and clusters of risk factors for heart disease and diabetes.
Behavioural Factors
Low SES associated with more smoking, poorer diet and smoking.
High SES more alcohol intake.
Income alone may not be sufficient to explain the link, as smoking is more expensive than a gym membership. however smoking is a coping strategy for stress. low income brings stress.
Marmot and Wilkinson (2001)
argues that it is the stress of relatively not having sufficient material resources which is the influence underpinning the SES effect so it is still a psychosocial explanation.
