Individual Differences in Personality

Question 1

Costa and McCrae (1977)

Answer 1

The Big Five;
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Question 2

Friedman et al., (1993)

Answer 2

the personality trait conscientiousness involves traits like organisation and conforming. The results showed that people high in conscientiousness more like to live longer.

Question 3

Wilson et al., (2007)

Answer 3

Religious Orders Study

participants were 997 catholic nuns, priests and brothers from 40 religious groups across USA.

They followed the participants for 12 years annually at the start of the experiment there were no signs of dementia.

Conscientiousness associated with reduced risk of Alzheimers disease and mild cognitive impairments.

Question 4

Neuroticism and illness

Answer 4

people high in neuroticism report more illness symptoms but don’t actually have more symptoms (Granny).

illness behaviour (seeking help) is not always a consequences of ill health but rather a perception of distress.

Question 5

Type A personality

Answer 5

Type A personalities are competitive, outgoing, impatient and aggressive. obsessed with time management and workaholics.
The stress they put themselves under leads to greater risk of coronary heart disease.

Question 6

Type D personality

Answer 6

joint tendency towards negative affectivity. They are socially inhibited.

Question 7

Denollet et al., (2000)

Answer 7

found that type D personality are four times more likely to have a later cardiac event.