Socio-cultural: Studies Flashcards
Levine et al
2005
Aim: To see the effect of in-group bias on helping.
Procedure: The sample was a group of 45 male students who were self-identified Manchester United fans. When arriving for the experiment, they were told that the experiment had to be moved to a larger room across campus. As they walked to the other room. a confederate fell holding onto his ankle and shouting out in pain. The confederate was either wearing a Man United team shirt, a Liverpool FC shirt or a plain tshirt.
Results: The students were more likely to help another Man United fan- and were less likely to help a plain shirt or Liverpool fan. The difference between the other two conditions is minimal showing it does not matter that they liked the arch rival, it was more that the confederate was a member of their in-group
Conclusion: Identifying with a group and having a sense of belonging. plays a big role in one’s likelihood of helping.
Bandura, Ross, and Ross
1961
Aim: To determine whether children would learn aggressive behaviour by imitating an adult model.
Procedure: The study was made up of 72 3-5 year old children (36 boys and 36 girls). They were first evaluated to determine their level of aggression. This was done by asking their parents and teachers to describe the children’s behaviour. Bandera used a matched pairs design to make sure that the different levels of aggression were evenly distributed. There were three IVs
- Whether the children were exposed to violence or not
- The gender of the child
- The gender of the model
The children then watched either a male or a female model act aggressively (bashing the Bobo with a baseball bat and yelling at the bobo), act passively (assembling toys), or they had no model. This served as the control group to see what children would do when simply put in the room with the Bobo doll.
The children were then individually invited into a room full of toys. After they saw all the toys, they were told that they were not allowed to play with them since they were for other children (this was to cause the children to feel frustrated). Then they were movies to another room where there was a variety of toys, both agressive and non aggressive toys. The child was kept in this room for 20 minute and the behaviour was observed by judges through a one way mirror.
Results: All the children showed some level of aggression against the Bobo. However, the group that saw the aggressive model was the most aggressive.
