Socio-Cultral Studies Notes Flashcards
What is the definition of sport?
Organised competitive and skilful physical activity requiring commitment and fair play.
What is the definition of physical recreation?
Physical activity with a playful attitude in a recreational environment. Taking part in it for its own sake rather than for a extrinsic reward. The emphasis is on enjoyment and satisfaction not winning. Requires a low level of skill.
What is the definition of physical education?
Learning about and through physical activity. The learning of physical personal, preparatory and qualitative values. Compulsory subject on the national curriculum.
What is the definition of Outdoor Educations?
Learning in and about the outdoors. Part of a structured school physical education in which benefits are formally sought and taught. Differs from Pe as there is a element of risk and unpredictability (going on a expedition with a qualified instructor)
What is the definition of Gamesmanship.
Stretching the rules to gain an unfair advantage.
What is the definition of Sportsmanship?
Fair play having an ethical and respectful attitude towards opponents and for the rules.
What is the definition of Deviance.
Seriously breaking the rules and norms of sport.
What is the definition of Physical Prowess?
Exceptional physical or ability.
What is the definition of Physical Endeavour.?
Putting in physical effort and hard work.
What does Floristt stand for?
Festival Local Occasional Religion/Ritual/Rowdy Isolated Social Traditional Tourism
What is the definition of Outdoor Recreation?
Physical activities which take part in the natural environment. They take you to the outer limits of your capabilities in a self reliant manner which can take you along the road to truth and beauty (such as going on a hike).
What are the four categories of benefits associated with physical activity?
Social
Personal
Mental
Physical
What is the recommended amount of physical activity for adults?
30 minutes of moderate intensity activity 5 times a week.
What is the recommended amount of physical activity for children and young people?
1 hour of moderate intensity physical activity everyday.
What factors face s hoops that restrict widespread participation in outdoor education?
Insufficient voluntary contribution
Health and safety
Too far
Lack of curriculum time.
What factors may cause crowd violence in sport?
Overcrowding in stadiums Rivalry between teams and nations Escape from personal troubles Alcohol Drugs Discrimination Misplaced passion Peer pressure Ticket prices Peer pressure
What factors may cause player violence in sport?
Excessive physicality Discrimination Frustration Mind games between players Reaction to gamesmanship Drug use Personal rivalry Media pressure Pitch conditions
What are some possible solutions to resolve crowd violence.
Stadium bans Police escorts Reduce overcrowding Good security system Banning of alcohol Searches Role models Education
What are some possible solutions to ease player violence?
Media support Sanctions Technology Drug testing Counselling Rewards Inter club bonding Less media hysteria
What does FLORISTT stand for?
Festival- Fun, People are coming together to celebrate.
Local- Increases a sense of local pride by bringing every one together.
Occasional- Annually.
Religion,Ritual,Rowdy- Linked to ancient Christian and pagan rituals, loud, physical.
Isolated- Keeps its sense of identity and uniqueness.
Social-Chance for people to come together and socialise.
Traditional- Passed from generation to generation.
Tourism- People are attracted to area, Commercialism
What were public schools and what did they aim to do?
Elite schools, funded by trustees which aimed to prepare young, middle and upper class boys for leadership in society.
What are the key characteristics of a public school?
Endowed- Regular income.
Gentlemen- Elitist system with scholarships for some.
Fee paying- People paid for it.
Non Local- Attracted people from a wide radius.
Controlled by trustees- Not owned privately.
Spartan- Living standards were poor and kids were treated violently.
Boarding- Lived in school houses.
Boys- Only boys were accepted.
What are the 3 stages of Athleticism?
Barbarian (Before)
Arnoldian (During change)
Athleticism (After)
Describe the Barbarian stage of athleticism?
Violent, rural, local Wealthy boys only Harsh conditions No staff supervision Time for self organised activities Natural surroundings not purpose built
Describe the Arnoldian stage of Athleticism?
Christian Values, Relationship Values Sports and games valued. Muscular Christianity Codification (rules) Purpose built facilities Inter house matches Paid coaches
Describe the Athleticism stage of Athleticism?
Physical Endeavour, Moral Integrity Compulsory sport at school Spread of games ethic NGB formed Boys became leaders in schools Combines physical effort, endeavour, moral integrity and sportsmanship.
What does topvicc stand for?
Teachers Officers Parents Vicars Industries Community clubs Community politicians
What are the reasons sport has taken a more professional approach?
Mass Participation
Sporting Excellence
19th century public schools
Government support and funding
Describe mass participation?
The government recognises the negative economic impact and social consequences of low levels of participation in physical activity.
Describe sporting excellence?
In order to achieve sporting excellence everyone is needed for a team to get the best edge. This includes chefs, doctors, psychologists, nutritionist.
Describe 19th century public schools actions on sports becoming more professional.
Behaviour in schools reflected society. Headteacher used team games to channel this energy. Professionals were generally working class as they needed the money to survive and they were looked down upon because of this.
Describe government support and funding actions on sports becoming more professional.
Visionary policy- The funding to make it work has the potential to change the sporting culture of the U.K.
There is a system in place for the government to support sport. A minister for sport an annual grant to different sporting organisation.
What are the characteristics of the USA?
Relatively young and powerful nation- farms and factories were producing more than any other country.
Capitalist nation, Individualism- Land of opportunity, ‘rags to riches’.
Relatively large population- 300m
Indigenous population- Native Americans
What is the nature of sport in the USA?
Win at all cost ethic- Reflection of country’s culture, Lombardiasim ‘winning is the only thing’.
Commercialism- Using business and economic skills to make money. Sport attracts big sponsorship money.
Vehicle for achieving ‘American Dream’- National ethos. Life, liberty, pursuit of happiness.
What are the characteristics of Australia?
Young Nation- Recently discovered
Sparsely populated- 29m population, city’s are all spread out and all on the coast.
Colonial influence- Discovered by captain James cook. Kept and discovered British games.
Immigration- 1778 influx of British prisoners. 1901-1973 white Australian policy.
What is the nature of sport in Australia?
National preoccupation Manliness "Bush Culture" High status in schools Effect of favourable climate Natural environment/space Egalitarianism/Equality Tradition of success Government support
