Acquiring Skill Movement Notes

Question 1

What is a skill?

Answer 1

The ability to produce predetermined results with maximum certainty often with minimum expenditure.

Question 2

What are the 3 types of skills and do they mean?

Answer 2

Cognitive-Thought process involved.

Perceptual-Detection and interpretation of information.

Motor-Physical movement and muscular control.

Question 3

Abilities are?

Answer 3

Stable and enduring

Genetic/innate

Crucial to underpinning skill learning

Question 4

Gross motor abilities (also known as physical proficiency abilities)?

Answer 4

Involve movement

Usually linked to fitness

Question 5

Psychomotor abilities (also known as perceptual motor abilities)?

Answer 5

Involve processing information

Include the execution of the selected movement

Question 6

What are the 4 organisations of practice?

Answer 6

Whole

Part

Whole-Part-Whole

Progressive Part

Question 7

What are the 3 phases of learning?

Answer 7

Cognitive

Associative

Autonomous

Question 8

What are the two types of practice?

Answer 8

Massed practice

Distributed practice

Question 9

What is massed practice?

Answer 9

When a skill is practised for an extended period of time.

Question 10

What is Distributed Practice?

Answer 10

When a skill is practiced with several rest periods.

Question 11

What group of people is distributed practice best used on and why?

Answer 11

Beginners as it allows for better development of information process, better transfer of skills and maintain motivation.

Question 12

What group of people is massed practice best used on and why?

Answer 12

More autonomous performers as they are already well equipped with the fundamentals of a skill and it isn’t time consuming.

Question 13

What is a cognitive performer?

Answer 13

A beginner. Generally someone in the early stage or ability of learning that skill.

Question 14

What is a associative performer?

Answer 14

Someone that has practised a skill before. Generally a intermediate.

Question 15

What is a autonomous performer?

Answer 15

An advanced performer. Generally pros or people that have been playing that sport for a long time. The skills are almost automatic to them.

Question 16

What are the advantages of whole practice?

Answer 16

Performer can appreciate the feeling of completing a move.

Not time consuming.

Question 17

What are the disadvantages of whole practise?

Answer 17

Unsuitable for complex skills.

May cause performer to lose confidence if not done right.

Not suitable if skill has an element of risk.

Question 18

What are the advantages of part practice?

Answer 18

Allows the coach/ teacher to focus on a particular problem.

Allows task to be broken down into easier components.

Question 19

What are the disadvantages to part practice?

Answer 19

Some skills are difficult to break down.

It can lose a kinaesthetic sense.

Time consuming.

Question 20

What do classification systems allow us to do?

Answer 20

Allow us to identify common characteristics between skills.

Question 21

What is Ability?

Answer 21

An innate characteristic for performing movement.

Question 22

Describe Simple and Complex continuum?

Answer 22

Simple: Not affected by environment, few sub routines, little information to process.

Complex: Affected by environment, numerous sub routines, large amount of information to process.

Question 23

Describe the open and closed continuum?

Answer 23

Open: Effected by the environment, externally paced, rapid variations of the skill.

Closed: Not effected by the environment, usually in the same conditions, stable and fixed environment.

Question 24

Describe the Discrete, Serial, Continues continuum?

Answer 24

Discrete: Well defined beginning and end, brief in nature.

Serial: A number of discrete skills put together, order it comes in is very important,each movement is both stimulus and response.

Continues: Poorly defined beginning and end, activity continues for an unspecified amount of time.

Question 25

Describe the low and high organisation skill continuum?

Answer 25

Low: Sub routines can be easily identified and isolated from the overall movement. Sub routines can be practised and developed to future performance.

High: Sub routines are difficult to identify, isolate from the overall movement, subroutines have to be practised as part of the whole movement.

Question 26

Describe the Gross-Fine continuum?

Answer 26

Gross: Involve large muscle groups, involve large muscle movements, bodily movements associated with strength, endurance, power.

Fine: Involve small muscle groups, involve small muscle movements, bodily movements associated with, speed, efficiency , accuracy.

Question 27

Describe the self paced and the externally paced continuum?

Answer 27

Self paced: Performer controls the rate in which the activity is carried out, performer decides when to initiate movement, involves pro action.

Externally paced: The action is determined by external sources, involves performer in action.