Acquiring Skill Movement Notes Flashcards
What is a skill?
The ability to produce predetermined results with maximum certainty often with minimum expenditure.
What are the 3 types of skills and do they mean?
Cognitive-Thought process involved.
Perceptual-Detection and interpretation of information.
Motor-Physical movement and muscular control.
Abilities are?
Stable and enduring
Genetic/innate
Crucial to underpinning skill learning
Gross motor abilities (also known as physical proficiency abilities)?
Involve movement
Usually linked to fitness
Psychomotor abilities (also known as perceptual motor abilities)?
Involve processing information
Include the execution of the selected movement
What are the 4 organisations of practice?
Whole
Part
Whole-Part-Whole
Progressive Part
What are the 3 phases of learning?
Cognitive
Associative
Autonomous
What are the two types of practice?
Massed practice
Distributed practice
What is massed practice?
When a skill is practised for an extended period of time.
What is Distributed Practice?
When a skill is practiced with several rest periods.
What group of people is distributed practice best used on and why?
Beginners as it allows for better development of information process, better transfer of skills and maintain motivation.
What group of people is massed practice best used on and why?
More autonomous performers as they are already well equipped with the fundamentals of a skill and it isn’t time consuming.
What is a cognitive performer?
A beginner. Generally someone in the early stage or ability of learning that skill.
What is a associative performer?
Someone that has practised a skill before. Generally a intermediate.
What is a autonomous performer?
An advanced performer. Generally pros or people that have been playing that sport for a long time. The skills are almost automatic to them.
What are the advantages of whole practice?
Performer can appreciate the feeling of completing a move.
Not time consuming.
What are the disadvantages of whole practise?
Unsuitable for complex skills.
May cause performer to lose confidence if not done right.
Not suitable if skill has an element of risk.
What are the advantages of part practice?
Allows the coach/ teacher to focus on a particular problem.
Allows task to be broken down into easier components.
What are the disadvantages to part practice?
Some skills are difficult to break down.
It can lose a kinaesthetic sense.
Time consuming.
What do classification systems allow us to do?
Allow us to identify common characteristics between skills.
What is Ability?
An innate characteristic for performing movement.
Describe Simple and Complex continuum?
Simple: Not affected by environment, few sub routines, little information to process.
Complex: Affected by environment, numerous sub routines, large amount of information to process.
Describe the open and closed continuum?
Open: Effected by the environment, externally paced, rapid variations of the skill.
Closed: Not effected by the environment, usually in the same conditions, stable and fixed environment.
Describe the Discrete, Serial, Continues continuum?
Discrete: Well defined beginning and end, brief in nature.
Serial: A number of discrete skills put together, order it comes in is very important,each movement is both stimulus and response.
Continues: Poorly defined beginning and end, activity continues for an unspecified amount of time.
Describe the low and high organisation skill continuum?
Low: Sub routines can be easily identified and isolated from the overall movement. Sub routines can be practised and developed to future performance.
High: Sub routines are difficult to identify, isolate from the overall movement, subroutines have to be practised as part of the whole movement.
Describe the Gross-Fine continuum?
Gross: Involve large muscle groups, involve large muscle movements, bodily movements associated with strength, endurance, power.
Fine: Involve small muscle groups, involve small muscle movements, bodily movements associated with, speed, efficiency , accuracy.
Describe the self paced and the externally paced continuum?
Self paced: Performer controls the rate in which the activity is carried out, performer decides when to initiate movement, involves pro action.
Externally paced: The action is determined by external sources, involves performer in action.
