Society in the 1970s Flashcards
Info that is on the specification
How can the women’s rights movement be seen as international?
second wave feminism at its peak and International Women’s Day declared in 1977
What was set up in 1970?
Women’s liberation groups
What did Women’s Lib groups protest?
A Miss World Contest as they felt its premise objectified women
What was the aim of Women’s Lib groups?
equal pay for women & free 24 hour nurseries
How was the feminist movement split?
Radical Feminists & Socialist Feminists
What were the main aims of radical feminists?
- sometimes referred to as separatists
- believed women were oppressed by a patriarchal society
- campaigned on issues such as reproductive rights
What were the main aims of socialist femininsts?
- focused on equality
- campaigned on issues such as enabling women to achieve financial independence
How was some progress made?
- advancement in reproductive rights
- attempts made to tackle violence against women (1976 Domestic Violence Act)
- birth control pill more widespread after introduced to NHS
What is the 1976 Domestic Violence Act?
allows women to take out restraining orders against abusive partners
What act was passed in 1975 that showed progression of female rights?
Sex Discrimination Act
What was the aim of the Sex Discrimination act?
- to end discrimination based on marital status or gender
- equal opportunity in education and employment
How was the Sex Discrimination Act successful?
- women now able to get a mortgage without a male guarantor
- led to the Employment Protection Act = paid maternity leave + cannot be fired due to pregnancy
How was the Sex Discrimination Act a failure?
- trade unions remained dominated by men
- employers set out different tasks for men to avoid equal pay (loopholes created)
When does the 1970 Equal Pay act come into fruition?
1975
How did the Conservative government limit immigration in 1971?
The Immigration Act = restricts the rights of people from the New Commonwealth coming to Britain - requires a guaranteed job and at least one British (born) grandparent
What group of people were exempt from the Immigration Act?
Ugandan Asians
Where did many immigrants settle?
- London (Brick Lane area)
- Bradford
How many immigrants from the new commonwealth came to Britain by 1974?
one million
How had attitudes towards immigration improved?
- multiculturalism popular amongst youth culture
- Anti-Nazi Group acted as a pressure group to combat the National Front
How did attitudes towards immigration not improve?
- increased support for the national front
- political representation remained limited
- race relations continued to be an issue
- distrust in police force
What is the National Front?
a anti-immigration political party who opposed non-white immigration
What did the National Front do?
- held marches in high immigrant areas - often led to violence
- sub-culture of skinheads would often attack people of ethnic backgrounds
What did growth in support for the National Front represent about social attitudes towards immigration?
indicates the growing concern in society about immigration
What group of people fought against racist attitudes?
Young people
What group was set up to act as a pressure group to oppose the National Front?
The Anti-Nazi group
What group was there particular mistrust with for immigrants?
the police
Why was there lots of mistrust towards the police for immigrants?
Young black people often felt that the police were harassing them unnecessarily
What type of policies slowly began to make their way into the police force to combat racism?
multiculturalist
What is multiculturalism?
policies that support ongoing cultural diversity
What attitudes remained the same towards youth culture?
older generations were still very concerned
What did youth subcultures typically represent?
the social, political, and economic battles going on elsewhere
What type of youth subculture began to gain popularity in the 1970s?
punks
What were the key philosophies of the punks?
- rejection of commercialism
- nihilistic
- DIY attitude
- rejection of the hippie culture
What was the social effect of the punk subculture?
a moral panic due to its alternative nature
What is the other subculture developed in the 1970s?
skinheads
What were some philosophies of the skinheads?
- typically apolitical (however supported the National Front)
- football hooliganism
What is environmentalism?
a political philosophy that discusses the effect of many topics on the planet
What are some of the key topics covered by environmentalists?
- pollution
- protection of wildlife
- dangers of radiation
- nuclear waste
Why was environmentalism gaining traction in the 1970s?
1970 declared as the year of European conservation
How did environmentalists feel about the CND?
created a new form of anti-nuclear protest campaigned against the use of nuclear power
