Society in the 1970s Flashcards

Info that is on the specification

1
Q

How can the women’s rights movement be seen as international?

A

second wave feminism at its peak and International Women’s Day declared in 1977

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2
Q

What was set up in 1970?

A

Women’s liberation groups

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3
Q

What did Women’s Lib groups protest?

A

A Miss World Contest as they felt its premise objectified women

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4
Q

What was the aim of Women’s Lib groups?

A

equal pay for women & free 24 hour nurseries

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5
Q

How was the feminist movement split?

A

Radical Feminists & Socialist Feminists

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6
Q

What were the main aims of radical feminists?

A
  • sometimes referred to as separatists
  • believed women were oppressed by a patriarchal society
  • campaigned on issues such as reproductive rights
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7
Q

What were the main aims of socialist femininsts?

A
  • focused on equality
  • campaigned on issues such as enabling women to achieve financial independence
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8
Q

How was some progress made?

A
  • advancement in reproductive rights
  • attempts made to tackle violence against women (1976 Domestic Violence Act)
  • birth control pill more widespread after introduced to NHS
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9
Q

What is the 1976 Domestic Violence Act?

A

allows women to take out restraining orders against abusive partners

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10
Q

What act was passed in 1975 that showed progression of female rights?

A

Sex Discrimination Act

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11
Q

What was the aim of the Sex Discrimination act?

A
  • to end discrimination based on marital status or gender
  • equal opportunity in education and employment
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12
Q

How was the Sex Discrimination Act successful?

A
  • women now able to get a mortgage without a male guarantor
  • led to the Employment Protection Act = paid maternity leave + cannot be fired due to pregnancy
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13
Q

How was the Sex Discrimination Act a failure?

A
  • trade unions remained dominated by men
  • employers set out different tasks for men to avoid equal pay (loopholes created)
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14
Q

When does the 1970 Equal Pay act come into fruition?

A

1975

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15
Q

How did the Conservative government limit immigration in 1971?

A

The Immigration Act = restricts the rights of people from the New Commonwealth coming to Britain - requires a guaranteed job and at least one British (born) grandparent

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16
Q

What group of people were exempt from the Immigration Act?

A

Ugandan Asians

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17
Q

Where did many immigrants settle?

A
  • London (Brick Lane area)
  • Bradford
18
Q

How many immigrants from the new commonwealth came to Britain by 1974?

A

one million

19
Q

How had attitudes towards immigration improved?

A
  • multiculturalism popular amongst youth culture
  • Anti-Nazi Group acted as a pressure group to combat the National Front
20
Q

How did attitudes towards immigration not improve?

A
  • increased support for the national front
  • political representation remained limited
  • race relations continued to be an issue
  • distrust in police force
21
Q

What is the National Front?

A

a anti-immigration political party who opposed non-white immigration

22
Q

What did the National Front do?

A
  • held marches in high immigrant areas - often led to violence
  • sub-culture of skinheads would often attack people of ethnic backgrounds
23
Q

What did growth in support for the National Front represent about social attitudes towards immigration?

A

indicates the growing concern in society about immigration

24
Q

What group of people fought against racist attitudes?

A

Young people

25
Q

What group was set up to act as a pressure group to oppose the National Front?

A

The Anti-Nazi group

26
Q

What group was there particular mistrust with for immigrants?

A

the police

27
Q

Why was there lots of mistrust towards the police for immigrants?

A

Young black people often felt that the police were harassing them unnecessarily

28
Q

What type of policies slowly began to make their way into the police force to combat racism?

A

multiculturalist

29
Q

What is multiculturalism?

A

policies that support ongoing cultural diversity

30
Q

What attitudes remained the same towards youth culture?

A

older generations were still very concerned

31
Q

What did youth subcultures typically represent?

A

the social, political, and economic battles going on elsewhere

32
Q

What type of youth subculture began to gain popularity in the 1970s?

A

punks

33
Q

What were the key philosophies of the punks?

A
  • rejection of commercialism
  • nihilistic
  • DIY attitude
  • rejection of the hippie culture
34
Q

What was the social effect of the punk subculture?

A

a moral panic due to its alternative nature

35
Q

What is the other subculture developed in the 1970s?

A

skinheads

36
Q

What were some philosophies of the skinheads?

A
  • typically apolitical (however supported the National Front)
  • football hooliganism
37
Q

What is environmentalism?

A

a political philosophy that discusses the effect of many topics on the planet

38
Q

What are some of the key topics covered by environmentalists?

A
  • pollution
  • protection of wildlife
  • dangers of radiation
  • nuclear waste
39
Q

Why was environmentalism gaining traction in the 1970s?

A

1970 declared as the year of European conservation

40
Q

How did environmentalists feel about the CND?

A

created a new form of anti-nuclear protest campaigned against the use of nuclear power