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PL10712 > Society and Politics > Flashcards

Society and Politics Flashcards

1
Q

Referendum definition

A

a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. This may result in the adoption of a new constitution, a constitutional amendment, a law, the recall of an elected official or simply a specific government policy. It is a form of direct democracy”

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2
Q

Examples of referenda

A

Chile
Australia
South Sudan
Switzerland

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3
Q

Chilean referendum

A

1988
Vote to end the regime of Pinochet
Pinochet expected to stay, but he ends up losing and a democratic government takes over
55.99% vote No to extension of Pinochet’s rule

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4
Q

Australian referendum

A

27th May 1967
Vote to make aborigines citizens
90.7% of White Australians vote in favour

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5
Q

South Sudanese referendum

A

2005 Peace Agreement
January 2011
98.8% in favour

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6
Q

Swiss experience

A

Common usage since 1848

Constitutional change requires a referendum and faculatative changes are optional

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7
Q

In the last 20 years ,how many referenda have the swiss had?

A

180+

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8
Q

Reasons for a referendum

A

Ordinary people can’t be bribed
Maximises participation
Single strongest example of people’s will

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9
Q

Reasons against a referendum

A 
Close votes
Timeconsuming
Tyranny of majority
Politicians avoid issues
Just a plaster
Not all voters vote and not all people can vote
Open to abuse by populists
Expensive
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10
Q

Context of 2016 referendum

A

Immigraion issues
Angst against the Tories and establishment
Right-wingers in Tory Party

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11
Q

Result of referendum

A

51.89% Leave

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12
Q

Leave voters were

A

Old, less educated, rural

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13
Q

Remain voters were

A

Young, educated, urban

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14
Q

18-24 vote split in 2016 referendum

A

27%/73%

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15
Q

65+

A

60%/40%

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16
Q

% that consider Brezit good for the economy

A

25%

17
Q

% that think that Brexit will increase the influence of the UK

A

16%

18
Q

% that think that immigration will be reduced

A

45%

19
Q

% that think that the NHS will get more money

A

26%

20
Q

What will low expectations mean for the government

A

Will allow the government more room to manoeuvre

21
Q

What is a social movement?

A

A grass-roots movement of ordinary people

22
Q

Networks of Outrage

A

2015
Manuel Castells
People network in real life and online
Networks become strong countervailing powers

23
Q

Criticisms of Networks of Rage

A

Digital divide

Too optimistic

24
Q

Pluralist view of Social Movements

A

Many groups
Many sites
So single elite
Effect all levels of government

25
Q

General criticisms of pluralist view

A

Too optimistic
Strong groups in control pf the government, regulatory capture
Overloaded govt.

26
Q

Marxist critique of social movements

A

Group world= elite
Unequal distribution
State isn’t neutral

27
Q

Examples of social movements

A 
BLM
LGBT
Arab Spring
Working class in 1800s
Icelandic Kithcneware Revolution (2008/9)
Occupy Wall Street
Anti-Poll Tax
28
Q

Issues with the media

A 
Growing unaccountable power
Direct engagments in politics
Group organise over the internet
Echo-chambers
TV and Newspaper oligarchies
Low levels of competition
29
Q

Icelandic experience of internet organised political activism

A 
2009
Draft new constitution
Convene assembly of random citizens
Create idea of "wiki constitutions"
Refound republic
30
Q

Arab Spring and the use of social media

A

2010
Begins in Tunisia
People connected across the Arab world and world wide
Publicie events
Amplifier effect on their message
But dependent on censorship and state control of the media

31
Q

What is open politics

A

Open content of policy
Focus on public interest
Open source democracy

32
Q

Ideals of open politics

A

Decentralisation of authority
Anonymity
Diversity of thought
Equality of opportunity

33
Q

Pros of E-Democracy

A

Increase information
Decrease costs
Responsiveness
Access to younger generations

34
Q

Downsides of E-Democracy

A 
Information overload
Identity theft
Populism
Lack of access
Digital Divide
Fake new
Websites crashing
Need for diverse and varying platforms

PL10712 (4 decks)

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