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PL10712 > Parties and Party System's > Flashcards

Parties and Party System's Flashcards

1
Q

What is a majoritarian two party system?

A

Dominated by just two parties

Electoral system supports just one party winning

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2
Q

Examples of two party systems

A

UK

USA

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3
Q

What is a majority-coalition system?

A

Parties have pre-electoral coalitions created

Attempt to work together in order to form the government

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4
Q

Examples of majority-coalition system

A

Germany (when agreements are formed)
France
Italy

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5
Q

What is a multi-party system

A

Electoral system makes sure that no party will ever win office completely
Interest aggregation done through coalition bargaining

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6
Q

Examples of multi-party systems

A

Germany (2017)
Austria
Netherlands
Israel

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7
Q

What is a consensual party system

A

Parties that are voted into government are not too far apart politically
Bargaining doesn’t threaten system

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8
Q

Examples of consensual systems

A

USA

UK

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9
Q

What is a conflictual party system

A

Legislature dominated by parties which don’t agree and are antagonistic towards one another

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10
Q

Examplesof conflictual party systems

A

Russia of 1990s
France and Italy (post-war)
Weimar Germany

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11
Q

What is a consociational party system

A

Created by Arend Lijphart (1977)
Broad Coaltions
Power sharing

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12
Q

Examples of consociational system

A

Austria post-war

Northern Ireland

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13
Q

Differences in Western European systems

A

Criteria to be a representative
Elecition rules
Patterns of cleavages

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14
Q

Similarities in Western European systems

A

Open competition
universal suffrage
Secret ballots
Mass politics

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15
Q

Theories of coalitions

A

Coalition theory
Spatial model
Hybrid model

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16
Q

What is coalition rheory

A

There are minimal and minimum winning coalitions

Always include strongest party

17
Q

What is a minimal winning coalitions

A

Smallest number of parties to make a coalition

18
Q

What is a minimum coalition

A

Formation of the parties is so that the majority is reached with as few as possible overhanging seats

19
Q

What is the spatial model of coalitions

A

Coalitions will be made by parties closest ideologicallt

20
Q

What is a hybrid coalition theory

A

Use of minimum winners and other factors

21
Q

Other factors in hybrid coalition theory

A

Need for most centrist party (mK) party
Need median legislator to be included
Takes bargaining position into account

22
Q

What is the iron law of oligarchy

A

There is a distance between people and their leaders because expertise divides people
Michels (1911)

23
Q

Neumann definition of parties

A

1956
Parties of social and total integration
Represents interests of single person or group

24
Q

Key definition of parties

A

1942
Party of the electorate
Party of the organisation
Party of government

25
Q

Strom definition of parties

A

1990
Vote seeking
Policy seeking
Office seeking

26
Q

Social antecedents

A

Denominational
Bourgeois
Catch all
Class-mass

27
Q

Duverger definition of parties

A

Mass party
Cadre party
Devotee party

28
Q

Example of mass party

A

Labour

29
Q

Example of cadre party

A

Conservatives

Lib dems

30
Q

Example of devotee party

A

UKIP under Farage

31
Q

Gunther and Diamond

A

Parties are differentiated based on their structure, programme and strategy
2003

32
Q

Party families

A 
Fascist
Conservative
Christian Democracy
Liberal
Green
Social Democratic
Communist
33
Q

Issues with the classification of parties

A

Hard to classify
Self-reported
Path-dependent

34
Q

Reasons for parties

A

Sustain oublic institutions
Recruit elites
Mobilisation and integration
Interest representation and aggregation

35
Q

Year Duverger wrote theory on political parties

A

1954

PL10712 (4 decks)

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