Society and Culture Flashcards
Consists of people who share a territory, who interacts with each other and who share a culture
A
Society
Study the way people learn about their own society’s cultures and how they discover their place within those cultures
Sociologists
Consists of 2 or more people who interact and identify with one another
Social groups
Group seeking to become part of a pluralistic society often have to give up many of their original traditions to fit in a process
Assimilation
Types of Society and Culture
Society
Sociologists
Social Groups
Assimilation
Survive by hunting game and gathering edible plants
Hunting and Gathering Societies
Hand tools are used to tend crops
Horticultural society
Relies on domestication and breeding of animals for food
Pastoral Society
The invention of the plow during the horticultural and pastoral societies
Second Social Revolution
Tend crops with an animal harnessed plow. The use of animals to pull a plow
Agricultural or Agrarian Society
Uses advanced sources of energy, rather than humans and animals to run a large machinery
Industrial Society
Has developed over the past few decades, features an economy based on services and technology, not production
Post Industrial Society
Individual achievement is valued over kinship ties, and people often feel isolated from one another
Mass society
Types of society
Hunting and Gathering Societies
Horticultural Society
Pastoral Society
Second Social Revolution
Agricultural and Agrarian Society
Industrial Society
Post-Industrial Society
Mass Society
A guideline or expectation for behavior
Norms
Norm for everyday behavior that people follow for the sake of convenience or tradition
Folkways
Based on morality, on definitions of right and wrong. People feel strongly about them, violating a more usually results to disapproval
More
Written down and enforced by an official agency. Violating results to a punishment
Law
Implicit prohibition on something based on a cultural sense that is excessively repulsive or, perhaps, too sacred for ordinary people
Taboo
Categories of Norms
Folkway
More
Law
Taboo
Results from a competing of demands of two or more roles that vie for our time and energy
Role Conflict
The position a person occupies in a particular setting
Status
The set of norms, values, behaviors, and personality characteristics attached to a status
Roles
Everything made, learned or shared by the members of the society, including values, beliefs, behaviors, and material objects
Culture
Concrete, visible parts of a culture, such as, food, clothing, cars, weapons, and buildings
Material Culture
Intangible aspects of culture such as values and beliefs
Non-material Culture
Culturally approved concepts about what is right and wrong, desirable or undesirable
Value
Specific ideas people feel to be true
Beliefs
Types of Status and roles
Role conflict
Status
Roles
Culture
*Material Culture
*Non-material Culture
Value
Beliefs
Group whose members are in the majority or who wield more power than other groups
Dominant Culture
Group that lives differently from, but not opposed to the dominant culture
Subculture
A subculture that opposes the dominant culture
Counter culture
Hierarchy of culture
Dominant Culture
Subculture
Counter Culture
Tendency to judge another culture by the standards of one’s own culture
Ethnocentrism
Opposite of ethnocentrism. it is the examination of a cultural trait within the context of that culture
Cultural relativism
Surprise, disorientation, and fear people can experience when they encounter a new culture
Culture shock
The notion that takes time to catch up with technologicalinnovations
Culture Lag
Process whereby an aspect of culture spreads throughout a culture or from one culture to another
Cultural Diffusion
