Society Flashcards
1
Q
- refers to a large, independent, and organized group of people living in the same territory and sharing a common culture and heritage.
- People within a (____) impart knowledge, skills, and behaviors to one another through their various everyday interactions.
- These interactions are often governed by written and unwritten rules that reflect the shared ideas, views, and values of the members of society.
- Can take many forms and has evolved to develop various characteristics.
A
Society
2
Q
- The simplest and earliest societies are the (____) that adopt a lifestyle dependent on resources readily available from their surroundings.
- These societies are often described as “primitive” since they utilize the simplest technology.
- Examples of ____ include nomadic tribes such as the San in Africa and small tribes found in remote locations throughout the world.
A
Hunting-and-gathering societies
3
Q
are those engaged in agricultural activities such as farming, fishing, and livestock-raising as a primary way of life.
A
Agricultural societies
4
Q
are centered on mechanized production and the exchange of goods and services
A
Industrial societies
5
Q
- are technologically advanced societies characterized by industry, mass production, and advanced communication and transportation.
- Advances in technology, meanwhile, have enabled people to establish “virtual societies” that are not confined by territory and are composed of individuals coming from various social backgrounds.
- Examples of these societies can be found in social media, online message boards, and online games.
A
Modern societies
6
Q
- focuses on studying society, its constructs, and its influence on the human person. It applies philosophical concepts in a social context and looks into how social interactions shape people’s perception, experience, ideas, and values.
- Topics related to ____ include social ontology, social ethics, democracy, human rights, equality, and justice.
- The ideas and discussions in ____ often influence other social sciences such as psychology, political science, sociology, and linguistics.
A
Social philosophy
7
Q
In order to fully understand the true character of society, they imagined humans as living in a so-called “______,” removed from modernity and civilization.
A
natural state
8
Q
Who are the 3 Enlightenment Philosophers?
A
- Thomas Hobbes
- John Locke
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau
9
Q
- man in his natural state is governed by his desires, which often lead to conflict with his fellowmen.
- Society, therefore, is the means by which men seek to control their natural tendencies and impose order.
- Individuals who establish societies enter into a “social contract”-an agreement where individuals sacrifice some of their rights and submit to a higher authority.
- In this way, society is able to function and meet the needs of many, ensuring a civil society.
A
Thomas Hobbes
10
Q
- proposed his own ideas on the social contract with a different assumption. Unlike Hobbes, ____ saw man in his natural state as more cooperative and reasonable, and he believed that society is formed through the consent of the people that organized it, a concept known as the consent of the governed.
- His social contract is a covenant among individuals to cooperate and share the burden of upholding the welfare of society.
- Also, the authority established to run society should reflect the ideals of the people who organized it.
- Should this authority fail to uphold its obligations or live up to the ideals of the people, it will be discarded and replaced with a new one.
A
John Locke
11
Q
- His ideas on the social contract led him to advocate the concept of the “general will” For ____, the general will comes from the sovereign citizens, and they entrust their will to the government.
- By this action, the people have empowered the government to act on their behalf, and that it is considered to be the best judge of what is most beneficial for society.
- He believed that even if the citizens are the ones who organized society and established an authority or government, in extreme cases, the government is able to impose its will on the people.
A
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
12
Q
- redefined the social contract and explained that human beings approach social cooperation in a rational manner in order to meet their individual self-interests.
- He introduced a version of the natural state, which he called the original position to explain social formation. He imagined humans as having a “veil of ignorance,” or no knowledge of their own characteristics such as gender, race, or social status. In this state, humans would naturally seek a just and fair society in an effort to look out for their own interests.
A
John Rawls
13
Q
- described man’s self-interest as a significant factor in building and maintaining societies
- People choose to cooperate since it is beneficial to meet their self-interests.
- But this selfish interest benefits society as a whole, since the actions of individuals in meeting their individual needs also further the interests of other members of society.
A
David Gauthier
14
Q
- The influence of society on behavior and human interaction was the focus of a classic psychological experiment known as the ____
- This experiment was conducted in 1971 at Stanford University.
A
Stanford Prison Experiment
15
Q
entail a set of expected behaviors that must be performed by a person
A
Social roles
