Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

advanced vocab > society > Flashcards

society Flashcards

1
Q

suffering and deaths

A

toll
death toll, the toll of death and injured mounted
In addition to the physical destruction caused by the flooding, the emotional toll on its victims was immense.
the final toll of bankruptcies
financial/economic toll
to take its/their toll on
Stress can take a heavy toll on your health.
The deepening recession has also taken its toll in the south of the country, where unemployment is rife.
- a toll bridge/highway/motorway, pay/collect a toll
Vehicles would be fitted with an electronic tag allowing drivers to pay tolls by credit card, over the phone or electronically.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a part of sth

A

element: an essential element of the local community, have all the elements of,
an element of - a small amount- an element of truth/the element of danger, preserve the element of surprise
- rudiments- be familiar with the elements of, be taught the elements of physics
- natural environment - be in/out of your element
- weather - brave the elements/be exposed to elements
Those living on the streets are at their most vulnerable during the cold winter months when they are exposed to the elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

among sb or in the middle of sth

A

in sb’s midst /a stranger in our midst
be in the midst of doing sth/in the midst of an economic crisis, occur in the midst of
society as a whole is obligated to protect the most vulnerable within our midst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

to force sb to live on the streets

A

cast sb out onto the streets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ignore

A

turn a blind eye to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

do sth with arrogant disregard for

A

ride roughshod over sb’s opinions/wishes
ride roughshod over the concerns raised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

endure sth unpleasant

A

weather the storm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

when you don’t express your feelings and emotions

A

to have emotions bottled up inside
emotional instability is only exacerbated when the affected individual attempts to bottle everything up inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

likely to affect many people

A

far-reaching effects/consequences/benefits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

filth

A

squalor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when you are broke you

A

struggle to make ends meet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

urgent and desperate or appalling

A

dire
in dire need of / a dire warning/dire consequences/in dire straits
THE DIRE ECONOMIC SITUATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

used for emphasis

A

nothing short of
nothing short of an attack on those on the very margins of society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

treat with contempt

A

turn your nose up at
he turned his nose up at the job; turn your nose up at the homeless;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

catastrophic

A

calamitous events/consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

thrust - synonym with colloc

A

plunge
plunge into the sea/plunge over the cliff, plunge sth into boiling water, plunge in the pool
- become lower in value: our income has plunged dramatically ; the fall in demand caused prices to plunge; markets/sales plunge/ plunge into recessions; a plunge in profits
to take the plunge- make a decision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

have a lot of things to be worried abt

A

carry the weight of the world on your shoulders
If you have a stressful desk job with the weight of the world on your shoulders, you could probably benefit from a neck massage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

WEIGHT COLLOC

A

carry the weight of the world on your shoulders, a weight off one’s mind,
throw your weight about - be conceited
throw your weight behind sth-stick up for it
be worth one’s weight in gold - be useful
differ in the weight they attach weight to various aspects of a job
Few people attached much weight to the findings of the enquiry.
carry weight
The guidelines give greater weight to economic potential.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

need sth very much

A

cry out for ; the country is crying out for a change in leadership; the scheme cries out for reform
cry out- shout/yell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

when you think abt money and how to survive all the time

A

live from hand hand to mouth
a hand-to-mouth experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

beg

A

scrounge for sth/scrounge sth off sb
sponge off - many of the homeless do not qualify for dole payments so the accusation that they sponge off the government is fallacious at best

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

incorrect or flawed

A

fallacious arguments/assumption
the fallacious assumption underlying this reasoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

steal

A

pilfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

TO BE ISOLATED OR EXCLUDED

A

on the margins of society
the majority of these people live in abject poverty and on the margins of society, with limited access to healthcare
those on the margins of society have few if any friends and lack the means or faculties to make a meaningful contribution to the community, they’re utterly alone and despondent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

an physical or mental power

A

faculty
critical faculties, have all your faculties, be in command/possession of your faculties, the faculty of speech/sight

  • have a faculty for- capacity (beyond/within sb’s capacity, mental capacity,) flair(natural ability to do sth well- i have a flair for, artistic flair; imagination and flair, lack flair) , facility (astonishing facility for languages)
    a wealth of local facilities

sharpen your mental faculties, have a faculty for taking the initiative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

get out of control

A

run amok
let you guard down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

PULL IN meaning

A

to arrest/apprehend sb
attract - pull in tourists/crowd/audiences
earn - we pulled in a lot of money
of a vehicle- move off the road

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

stay somewhere - 3 verbs

A

loiter - usually be up to no good
linger - take a long time to leave - linger for a while, the smell lingers, linger on in the memory, lingering doubts
dawdle - be slow and waste time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

having no luck/money/opportunities

A

down-and-out
after Emily got the sack she was down and out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

offer chance

A

hold out hope
this drug holds out hope for

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

work as a prostitute

A

go/be on the game
kerb-crawling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

diverse and multi-faceted

A

chequered history/career

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

restrain (money)

A

curb expenses/inflation/tax evasion, put a curb on your temper/spending habits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

sleep out of doors

A

sleep rough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

deal or trade in sth illegal

A

trafficking
arms/drug trafficking, human/people trafficking, efforts to combat trafficking in people
- the illegal traffic in stolen art

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

sb who runs amok

A

loose cannon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

reduce

A

moderate
moderate your stance on
moderate success/demands/prices, moderate economic growth, a moderate intake of
moderate gains/incomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

easily influenced

A

susceptible
be susceptible to diseases
susceptible to flattery, aim sth at susceptible/gullible people; tend to be susceptible to certain triggers in the environment.
, target susceptible children
susceptible of other interpretations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

behave badly because you fall in with the wrong crowd

A

be led stray

40
Q

become friendly with

A

fall in with sb, strike up/cultivate a friendship

41
Q

be widespread

A

rife, prevalent, ubiquitous: divisions are rife; run rife , be rife with- full of, a prevalent view in society
substance abuse is rife among the homeless

42
Q

earn money using dishonest methods

A

line your pockets
be involved in a seedy network of human trafficking and shady dealings in the black market

43
Q

a lack of ability to read and write

A

illiteracy, illiterate, literacy
combat high rates of illiteracy, adult illiteracy, take part in/engage in a campaign to eradicate illiteracy, in the rural areas, illiteracy is rife;(The two governments have agreed to engage in a comprehensive dialogue to resolve the problem.)
computer/economic/financial/scientific illiteracy
it is economic illiteracy to pretend that demand can be stemmed by curbing supply
literacy rates/levels, adult literacy programmes, improve literacy

44
Q

a lack of ability to understand and use numbers

A

innumeracy
levels of illiteracy and innumeracy remain startlingly high in the developing world, and will continue to be so until the West provides or sponsors new education initiatives, preferably also getting directly involved

45
Q

a thing that is required as a prior condition for sth also to happen

A

prerequisite
a prerequisite for/to, as a prerequisite of Ving

46
Q

experiencing poverty

A

impoverished, poverty-stricken, penurious, destitute, indigent, down and out
the relief of indigence, be left destitute, appalling indigence
a better education is a prerequisite should the impoverished masses of Africa ever wish to hold any genuine hope of gaining their emancipation from the metaphorical shackles of poverty

47
Q

sth that restricts and limits

A

throw off the shackles of
the lack of funds is a major impediment to research; an impediment to scientific progress and economic growth, economic malaise is an impediment to
a hindrance to
encounter /overcome an obstacle, the major obstacle to ing, an obstacle for sb- lack of childcare provision is cited as a major obstacle for women who wish to participate in training initiatives
to constrain- severely restrict the scope or extent of sth- progress/prices/development is constrained by, feel constrained to do what …, constraint, financial constraint on, the main constraint on sth, budget/financial constraint, the constraint of distribution costs, remove a major/serious constraint to sth, a constraint on/to, place/put a constraint on
some external factors placed constraints on the scope of the work that could be undertaken

48
Q

in important difference between sth

A

gulf
there is a widening gulf between the rich and the poor in our society, bridge the gulf between

49
Q

a failure to obey a law

A

breach
breach of, constitute a breach of copyright, a flagrant/blatant breach of the rules, breach of contract, to breach rules/regulations, breach international law

50
Q

wealthy and lucky

A

privileged
a privileged few, feel privileged to do/be
privileged - confidential , privileged access to,

51
Q

frills that are typical of sth

A

trappings
all the trappings of wealth, the trappings of power/success

52
Q

refusal to accept other ideas or beliefs

A

intolerance
racial/religious intolerance, an intolerance of dissent
furthermore,
we must promote a culture of
tolerance of
develop a greater tolerance of/towards contrary points of view
practice/display tolerance “Tolerance implies no lack of commitment to one’s own beliefs. Rather it condemns the oppression or persecution of others.”

53
Q

fraudulent and dishonest

A

unscrupulous employers/dealers/practices/companies

54
Q

get sth good as a result of your actions

A

reap the benefit/reward
reap the benefits of globalization, reap dividends
reap profits- shareholders reap 245 of the dividends generated , reap the benefits of the current investments
to navigate the turmoil and reap the rewards; reap the rewards of a more equal society
When your great audition gets you cast in your dream role, you reap the benefits of all that rehearsing you did.

55
Q

where sth is rife

A

a hotbed of corruption/crime

56
Q

regardless

A

irrespective of
child benefit is paid irrespective of income levels

57
Q

equivalent

A

opposite number, counterpart

58
Q

cooperation colloc

A

with the cooperation of, cooperation between, in cooperation with
economic/global cooperation
marketing networks have been enhanced through cooperation with Chinese enterprises

59
Q

prejudice

A

bigotry
combat bigotry and prejudice

60
Q

hope to achieve

A

aspiration
have political aspirations
the needs and aspirations of younger members of society

61
Q

a big city

A

a sprawling/bustling metropolis , industrial metropolis
a highly cosmopolitan city, transform into a cosmopolitan metropolis
tolerant and cosmopolitan outlook on the world

62
Q

immigration colloc

A

asylum seeker, to seek/apply for asylum

63
Q

sth that replaces sth else

A

surrogate
a surrogate for
use sth as a substitute for, to substitute sth for sth/with sth
a surrogate home
industries must reduce fuel consumption by substituting alternative fuels for fossil fuels
be no substitute for

64
Q

real and not imaginary

A

tangible
tangible evidence/proof/sign
tangible benefits/achievement/effect/progress/improvement, see tangible benefits from investment in technology
almost tangible - almost perceptible by touch
see tangible evidence of economic renewal and growth
constructive meeting and tangible results
tangible benefits might include an increase in salary or promotion

65
Q

confirm

A

uphold
uphold a decision/ruling, uphold a tradition, law, right
asylum seekers are fleeing a tangible threat to their lives and should be afforded all the assistance the state can provide once their status has been upheld and asylum granted

66
Q

when you are accepted into a new society

A

integration/assimilation process
promote racial/cultural integration, encourage the integration of new staff into the team; greater integration across markets, achieve a higher level of integration between , create a seamless integration of
to integrate socially, integrate yourself into a society,; integrate exercise into your lifestyle
social integration with colleagues

67
Q

food and related illnesses

A

sustenance
suffer from malnutrition
face starvation, die of starvation
starvation wages; many people face starvation unless a vast emergency aid programme is launched

68
Q

when you don’t have sth

A

deprivation
sleep deprivation
be deprived of sleep/freedom/right
a deprived area, come from a deprived background, the most deprived sections of society

69
Q

exciting

A

eventful

70
Q

effects, consequences

A

repercussions
face severe repercussions , the imbalance between supply and demand risks serious repercussions for the world economy

71
Q

inequalities

A

inequity
inequities in school funding
redress racial inequity

72
Q

uncertain period of waiting

A

limbo
in limbo-suspended
be /remain in limbo
bureaucratic/political/legal limbo

73
Q

defeat and conquer

A

overcome difficulties/obstacles/problems/resistance
resolute opposition is difficult to overcome, overcome discrimination in the workplace
the prospects for overcoming the political/financial/civil strife
be overwhelmed- be overcome with/by sth-by emotion

74
Q

protect
a system of rules, ideas, or beliefs that is used to plan or decide something:

A

safeguard
safeguard the interests
a framework which safeguards employees from exploitation
a legal framework for resolving disputes
The future trade agenda can provide an important framework for restoring sustainable growth.
act within the framework of international law

75
Q

outwardly, apparently

A

ostensibly
ostensibly to … (do sth)
ostensibly well-positied

76
Q

have an important mark on sth

A

make a/your mark on
he made his mark on the place
- attain recognition and distinction

77
Q

hinder sth

A

hold sth/sb back
keep information secret on purpose
stop yourself showing an emotion hold back anger
my lack of experience held me back

78
Q

obsequious

A

subservient
adopt a subservient role/position
be subservient to-subordinate

79
Q

devastated -

A

ravaged
the area has been ravaged by severe drought and flooding

80
Q

bad luck

A

misfortune
have the misfortune to
endure many misfortunes
hapless victims

81
Q

essential, real but not obvious

A

underlying causes/significance/message/aims
take issue with the underlying aims of the research

82
Q

when everything is considered

A

by and large

83
Q

touch /hold

A

handle
handle pressure/stress
get a handle on- unserstand/deal with

84
Q

disturbance

A

social/civil unrest

85
Q

where the real work is done

A

on the ground

86
Q

how long you live

A

high infant mortality and low life expectancy
as technology becomes more sophisticated, the life expectancy of household gadgets seemes to diminish

87
Q

arousing pity

A

pitiful
a pitiful state of affairs
a pitiful sum of money

88
Q

types of poverty

A

absolute poverty - when household income is insufficient to afford basic necessities of life and criteria not changed by economic growth
poverty comprises many dimensions
the inability to acquire the basic goods and services
live below the poverty line
be on/close to/below the breadline

89
Q

things you need

A

necessities
the bare necessities , do sth out of necessity , the necessity arises;
there is no necessity for it , any necessity to do sth, stress the necessity of eating plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables
.. is a necessity
Knowing how to balance your checkbook is a financial necessity.

90
Q

emphasize

A

underline the importance/significance of
highlight

91
Q

talk abt poverty

A

poverty reduction/relief/alleviation is an indispensable requirement for sustainable development
strive to achieve a more equitable distribution of resources and wealth
mechanisms that ensure a level playing field for
tourism is a major source of economic growth and employment
implement poverty reduction strategies; new enterprises and foreign aid and investment, introduce educational measures to disseminate knowledge and raise awareness
chronically poor , accumulate wealth, enhance well-being, address underlying problems, eradicate poverty, a low-cost poverty alleviation tool, vary with respect to, in comparison with, disparities in distribution of resources cause systemic poverty, self-reinforcing mechanisms that cause poverty to persist
take necessary steps to overcome poverty and further economic development
take tentative steps , take drastic steps (to reduce pollution, take the unusual step of , a step in the right direction, step-by-step instructions)
reinforce opinion/message/view that/the links
economic inequality is deeply entangled with other types of inequality
set up safety nets

92
Q

help sent to sb

A

humanitarian aid
send/provide humanitarian aid
a huge relief effort will be required ti avert a humanitarian disaster

93
Q

penalty

A

sanction
impose/enforce sanctions
drop/ease/lift sanctions
a package of economic sanctions is to be enacted
without realistic sanctions, some teachers have difficulty maintaining order in the classroom
get official sanction fir-approval

94
Q

when you don’t have to be, esp. of developing countries to external creditors

A

debt relief
a debt relief programme/package, qualify for debt relief
launch/initiate/carry out /finance a programme

95
Q

difference in opinion

A

clash
a clash of opinions/loyalties/personalities, clash over
- fight - in clashed with the police, violent clashes between

96
Q

encourage feelings of hatred

A

stoke up racial hatred
inflammatory language/remarks

97
Q

in agreement with (abt a rule)

A

in accordance with a rule/law/wish
act in accordance with

advanced vocab (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions