Socialization and the Life Courses Flashcards
Define socialization
The social process whereby human infants a self-aware and culturally competent person.
Has 2 prominent phases- primary and secondary.
Possible limitations of socialization
- Does it apply to our changing modern society
- Are individuals cultural robots
The thinkers behind child development
- George Herbert Mead
- Charles Cooley
- Jean Piaget
- Sigmund Freud
- Nancy Chodrow
George Herbert Mead
Believed that self awareness and thinking depended on social interaction.
According to Mead, infants and young children develop as social beings by imitating the actions of those around them.
Charles Cooley
Cooley argued that the notions we develop about ourselves reflect our interpretations of how others see us.
our self-concept is based on our perceptions of how others see us.
Jean Piaget
He believed in the 4 stages of cognitive development
What are the 4 stages of cognitive development
“Some People Can Fly”
1. Sensorimotor (birth-2 yrs)
2. Pre-operational stage (2-6 yrs)
3. Concrete Operational (7-11 yrs)
4. Formal Operational (12+)
Sensorimotor Stage
Ages, birth to 2 years
At this stage, infants learn mainly by touching objects, manipulating them, and physically exploring their environment.
Pre-operational Stage
Ages 2-6 years
During this stage, which lasts from age two to age seven, children master language and use words to represent objects and images in a symbolic fashion.
Concrete Operational stage
Ages 7-11 years
During this phase, children master abstract, logical notions such as causality.
Formal Operational stage
Ages 12+
During adolescence, the developing child becomes able to grasp highly abstract and hypothetical ideas and find solutions. In this stage children become less narrsisitic.
Sigmund Freud
Development of gender identity and morality are rooted in children’s mental conflicts in relation to parents.
Oedipus Complex
A Freudian theory the complex of emotions aroused in a young child, typically around the age of four, by an unconscious sexual desire for the parent of the opposite sex and wish to exclude the parent of the same sex.
Electra Complex
A Freudian theory, a girl, aged between 3 and 6, becoming subconsciously sexually attached to her father and increasingly hostile toward her mother.
Penis envy
Nancy Chodrow
She believed in a socially conditioned problem, where gender differences go back to detachment from the mother. Girls remain close to mother and males must make a more radical break.
