Socialization and Society Flashcards
It is the process by which individuals learn and internalize their beliefs, values, and norms of their culture or society
Socialization
Through ____________ individuals acquire the necessary skills and knowledge to function effectively in their social environment
Socialization
It is important as it helps individuals to develop a sense of self, to learn the values and norms of their society, and to acquire the necessary skills to function in the social environment.
Socialization
However, _________ can also lead to the reproduction of inequalities and social hierarchies if certain groups are socialized differently than others.
Socialization
It involves two key components: social control and social learning
Socialization
it refers to the mechanism used by society to regulate and enforce its norms and values. It involves rewards and punishments for behavior
Social Control
it is the acquisition of knowledge and skills through observation and interaction with others.
Social Learning
Two types of Social Learning
- Formal
- Informal
It refers to the explicit teaching of values, beliefs and norms through institutions such as schools and religious organizations
Formal
It occurs through social interaction and observation of the behavior of others
Informal
responsible for socializing individuals and transmitting the culture and values of society
Agents of Socialization
it is the first and most important agent of socialization
Family
It is responsible for formal education and plays a significant role in socializing children
Schools
It is made up of individuals who are of similar age and status.
Peers
They have a strong influence and are responsible for socializing them in areas such as fashion, music, and language
Peers
a powerful agent of socialization that shapes public opinion and values
Media
It provides a set of beliefs and values that help individuals understand the meaning of life and guide their behavior, it also provides a sense of community and belonging
Religion
is an important agent of socialization in adulthood. It teaches individuals the norms and values of the workplace and provides a sense of identity and purpose.
Work
Also known as self-identity or self-image, refers to the way that an individual perceives themselves.
Self-concept
It is the collection of beliefs, values, attitudes and personality traits that an individual uses to define themselves.
Self-concept
The perceptions we have of who we are which are developed from our perceptions of the way others respond to us in our interactions
The Self
Psychological and Social Approaches to Self
Theory of Socialization by Sigmund Freud
Three Major System of Personality by Sigmund Freud
Looking-Glass Self by Charles Horton Cooley
Psychosocial Theory of Development by Erik Erikson
Presentation of Self by Erving Goffman
Author of Theory of Socialization
Sigmund Freud
social product, however, natural impulsive instincts in constant conflict with societal constraints
Self
is influenced by others (especially one’s parents)
Personality
Author of Three Major System of Personality
Sigmund Freud
the biological component, source of a number of drives and urges, centers around the satisfaction of basic needs, operates on the pleasure principle
ID
It is the mediator between individual needs and the real world, controls the cognitive and intellectual process
Ego
It is the moral arm of personality presenting the traditional rules, values, and ideals of society
Super Ego
Author of Looking-Glass Self
Charles Horton Cooley
The self is a product of social interactions with other people
Looking-Glass Self by Charles Horton Cooley
Three elements of Looking Glass Self
Imagination of how we appear to others
Imagination of the judgement of that appearance
Self feeling such as pride or modification
Author of Psychosocial Theory of Development
Erik Erikson
Considers the impact of external factors, culture and society on personality development Assumes that a crisis occurs at each stage of development
Psychosocial Theory of Development by Erik Erikson
assumes that a crisis occurs at each stage of development
Psychosocial Theory of Development by Erik Erikson
these crises are a psychosocial nature because they involve psychological needs of the individual conflicting with the needs of society
Psychosocial Theory of Development by Erik Erikson
Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development
- basic trust vs basic mistrust
- autonomy vs shame and doubt
- initiative vs guilt
- industry vs inferiority
- identity vs role confusion
- intimacy vs isolation
- generativity - stagnation
- ego-integrity vs despair
Author of Presentation of Self
Erving Goffman
Individual tends to alter his/her presentation of self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences
Impression Management
argued that roles in life have both a stage and a backstage
Goffman
another aspect of the self. Maintaining the proper image can be essential to continued social interaction
Face-work
the assigned status to a person at birth or another stage in the life cycle
Ascribed Status
status that is attained through personal effort, merit or choice.
Achieved Status
