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Unit 2 - SAP > Socialization > Flashcards

Socialization Flashcards

1
Q

socialization - definition

A

socialization:

  • process by which someone acquires self identity and is trained necessary social skills for survival and social expectations

personality:

  • fairly consistent patterns of acting, thinking, and feeling that is formed by internalizing surroundings
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2
Q

agents of socialization

A

family

  • language acquisition, rules, relationships, morals, behaviour, gender socialization

school

  • grammar, rules, social setting, hidden curriculum (scheduling, how to behave in organizations)

peers/social groups

  • forming relationships, discussing interests adults may not want to share (music, clothing, drugs, sex)

mass media

  • social media, tv, enforcing stereotypes, how we act. starting/stopping trends

government

  • laws, sense of security, sanction of punishment (what we can and can’t do)

religion/non-religion

  • values, love for others

ethnic background

  • beliefs, values, customs
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3
Q

theories of socialization

A
  • urie brofenbrenner’s ecological systems theory
  • jean piaget’s theory of cognitive development
  • erik erikson’s psychosocial stages of development
  • lawrence kohlberg’s theory of moral development
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4
Q

urie brofenbrenner’s ecological systems theory

A

microsystem

  • direct contact with the individual and their
  • environment (parents, sibblings, teachers, school peers)

mesosystem

  • The interactions between the child microsystems (parents interact with teachers, influences school experience)

ecosystem

  • other students outside the person that influences them and one of their microsystems (neighbourhood, media, parents work)

macrosystem

  • cultural influences (socioeconomic status, poverty, ethnicity)
  • differs from the specific environment, but the already established society and culture which the person is developing in

chronosystem

  • environmental changes that occur over the lifetime (major life transitions, historical events)
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5
Q

Jean piaget’s cognitive development

A
  • focused on thinking and reasoning patterns in children
  • argued that children develop in 4 stages:
  1. sensorimotor stage
  2. pre-operational stage
  3. concrete operational stage
  4. formal operational stage
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6
Q

piaget’s key terms

A

schemas/schema

  • way of organizing and making snese of experiencesex. a dog can look different, but still considered a dog

assimilation

  • use current schemas to interpret the external worldex. a child sees a new type of dog theyve never seen before but recognizes it as a dog

accommodation

  • create new schemas or adjust old ones to fit new experiences/observationsex. a child sees a cat for first time and thinks its a dog. once corrected, a new category of ‘cat’ is created
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7
Q

piaget’s stages - 1

A

sensoriomotor stage
- the child experiences the world only through their sense and motor actions
- key development: object permanence
- 0-2 y/o

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8
Q

piaget’s stages - 2

A

pre-operational stage
- child can use symbols to both think & communicate, can take someone else’s POV, classify objects, and use simple logic
- lacks abstract thinking (conversation)
- key development: egocentrism
- 2-6 y/o

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9
Q

piaget’s stages - 3

A

concrete operational stage
- reasoning becomes more logic (not abstract), and they learn to think in categories and hierarchies
- operation: figuring things out in your head (mental math, conversation)
- 7-11 y/o

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10
Q

piaget’s stages - 4

A

formal operational stage
- individuals think abstractly and critically
- abstract rather than concrete solutions (hypotheticals, moral reasoning)
- 12+ y/o

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11
Q

Erik erikson’s psychosocial stages of development

A
  • 1902-1989
  • trained by anna Freud
  • at each stage a person in confronted with a ‘crisis’ that must be resolved
  • each crisis is represented by a healthy vs unhealthy resolution that can be represented as a polar opposite on a line:

trust—————————mistrust

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12
Q

erikson’s stage - 1

A

infancy
- 0-18 months
- crisis: trust vs mistrust (reliance on caregiver)
favourable outcome: the world is a safe place, can trust others in the future
unfavourable outcome: anxiety, mistrust, insecurity

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13
Q

erikson’s stage - 2

A

toddlerhood
- 18m-3 y/o
C: autonomy vs doubt/shame (discovering independence)
F: self centered, self confidence
UF: doubt in abilities

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14
Q

erikson’s stage - 3

A

pre-school
- 4-5 y/o
C: initiative vs guilt (trying out new things)
F: initiating activities and try new things
UF: if told what we do is wrong, we can develop guilt

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15
Q

erikson’s stage - 4

A

pre-adolescent
- 6-13 y/o
C: industry vs inferiority (discovering owns interests & differences)
F: proud of own accoplishments
UF: fear of being inferior to others

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16
Q

erikson’s stage - 5

A

adolescence
- 13-21 y/o
C: identity vs confusion (learning social rules)
F: experience confusion but results with a sense of self
UF: role confusion but feel lost

17
Q

erikson’s stage - 6

A

young adulthood
- 21-39 y/o
C: intimacy vs isolation (understanding who we are)
F: falling in love & bonding with others
UF: feeling of isolation and loneliness

18
Q

erikson’s stage - 7

A

middle adulthood
- 40-65 y/o
C: generativity vs stagnation (leading the next generation)
F: contributing to the lives of others
UF: stagnation or feeling pessimistic

19
Q

erikson’s stage - 8

A

old age
- 65+
C: integrity vs despair (reflecting on our lives)
F: sense of fulfillment and acceptance of death
UF: dissatisfaction with life an fear of death

20
Q

Lawrence kohlberg’s theory of moral development

A

lvl 1: preconventional
- moral reasoning = personal concern/interest

lvl 2: conventional
- moral reasoning = actions vs expectations or pleasing others

lvl 3: post-conventional
- moral reasoning = personal ethics or the right thing to do

21
Q

kohlberg’s stage - 1 (pre con)

A

obedience and punish avoidance orientation

22
Q

kohlberg’s stage - 2 (pre con)

A

self interest and exchange

23
Q

kohlberg’s stage - 3 (con)

A

interpersonal relationships

24
Q

kohlberg’s stage - 4 (con)

A

maintaining social order and law

25
Q

kohlberg’s stage - 5 (post con)

A

social contract and individual rights

26
Q

kohlberg’s stage - 6 (post con)

A

universal principles

27
Q

Carol Gilligan’s gender and moral development

A
  • boys and girls experience different forms of socialization, and use different standard of mortality

boys mortality: justice
girls mortality: care and responsibility

28
Q

Gilligan’s stage - 1

A

pre conventional morality
- individual survival
transition: from selfishness to care and responsibility for others

29
Q

Gilligan’s stage - 2

A

conventional morality
- to be good is self sacrifice (reliance on others and social acceptance)
transition: from goodness to truth

30
Q

Gilligan’s stage - 3

A

post conventional morality
- morality and non violence (understanding choice between self and others, do not harm others or self)

31
Q

social isolation

A

feral/wild children
- children raised in complete isolation with little to no human interaction or socialization

greatest consequence:
1: language
2: understand and forming relationships

32
Q

who decides the rules?

A

1: reality and knowledge are socially constructed
2: knowledge is never value neutral

33
Q

social construction

A
  • knowledge and reality are reflective of the values and interest of those who produce it
  • all knowledge and ways of knowing are connected to a social context
34
Q

breaking the rules

A

Thomas theorum: what we define as real is real in its consciences
- rewards and punishments for following or breaking the rules

35
Q

why does socialization matter?

A

cultural sunglasses
frames: big picture
- the norms that everyone is taught at birth
Lenses: micro perspective
- individual perspective of the world (own experiences)

Unit 2 - SAP (8 decks)

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