Socialism COPY

Question 1

Meaning of collectivism?

Answer 1

Combined human effort is of greater value to society than the effort of individuals.

Question 2

Meaning of communal ownership?

Answer 2

wealth created by industry being owned by the people.

Question 3

Meaning of social class?

Answer 3

The income and status difference between occupational groups. Also refers to a group of society with the same socioeconomic status

Question 4

Meaning of fraternity?

Answer 4

The sharing of common interests , everyone is tightly knitted like brothers

Question 5

Meaning of co-operation?

Answer 5

Humans are inclined to work together for the common good

Question 6

Meaning of communism?

Answer 6

Organisation of social existence based on common ownership of industry and wealth

Question 7

What are the three groups of socialism?

Answer 7

• Revolutionary Socialists
• Social democrats
• Third way socialists

Question 8

Who are the thinkers for Revolutionary socialists?

Answer 8

• Marx
• Engels
• Luxemburg

Question 9

Who is the thinker for the Social Democrats?

Answer 9

-Anthony Crossland

Question 10

Who is the thinker for Third Way Socialism?

Answer 10

• Anthony Giddens

Question 11

Revolutionary socialists view on human nature ?

Answer 11

• generally good, co-operative and empathetic.
• It can be can be moulded by the society around them
• capitalism can cause it to become become greedy

Question 12

Revolutionary socialists view on the state?

Answer 12

• state should be abolished as it was the tool of the bourgeoisie
• socialist state needs to be implemented in order to promote social justice and the redistribution of wealth

Question 13

Revolutionary socialists view on society?

Answer 13

• a classless society where there is full equality is desirable
• existing society is so ‘sick’ that a revolution can provide the necessary ‘shock therapy’

Question 14

Revolutionary socialists view on the economy?

Answer 14

• aim for the total abolition of capitalism

- want redistribution of wealth

Question 15

Social democrats view on human nature?

Answer 15

• humanity can become a cooperative fraternal condition

Question 16

Social democrats view on the state?

Answer 16

• socialist parties should campaign peacefully

- Social democracy believes in capitalism with a strong interventionist state

Question 17

Social democrats view on economy?

Answer 17

• capitalism can stay with a strong interventionists state
• capitalism is the best state to generate wealth
• They are critical of the inequalities caused by free market capitalism but also accept capitalism as being the best way to generate wealth

Question 18

Third way view on human nature?

Answer 18

• humans are naturally inclined towards fairness
• humans require cohesive society
  nature can prosper under capitalism

Question 19

Third way view of the state?

Answer 19

• rejected state intervention
• role of state to be toward social investment
• less bloating of welfare state
• state can be reformed to produce greater political equality

Question 20

Third way view of society?

Answer 20

• rejected class conflict

- wanted equality emerged with capitalism

Question 21

Third way view of economy?

Answer 21

• accepted/ encourages capitalism

- the wealth from capitalism and free market would be put into social investments

Question 22

What is historical materialism?

Answer 22

At first there were primitive societies, the economic system of capitalism manifested and class consciousness and the proletariat eventually rise up and revolt.

The proletariat eventually destroy capitalism

Question 23

Why did Marx think revolution was inevitable?

Answer 23

Believed that revolution was inevitable as the conditions of capitalism will create class consciousness

Question 24

Why did Webb not believe in revolution

Answer 24

She feared that revolution would only cause more chaos and make human nature even worse

Question 25

What is the 'inevitability of gradualism'

Answer 25

Webb believed that it was inevitable because working class people would vote for socialist parties and this would lead to those socialist parties reforming the state which would lead to more votes as humans would see the benefits

Question 26

How did Luxemburg disagree with Marx about revolution?

Answer 26

Luxemburg disagreed with Marx that we had to wait for revolution, capitalism could be destroyed and abolished much earlier

Question 27

Why did Anthony Crossland think capitalism had changed?

Answer 27

Crosland believed capitalism was no longer an evil oppressive system as the post war reforms of Labour had changed it for the better. Therefore there was no need to abolish capitalism

Question 28

Define collectivism

Answer 28

Collectivism implies cooperation with others with others rather than competitive individual self striving. It leads to cooperation and prevents conflict and aggression that is caused by self striving.

Question 29

Why are all socialists egalitarians?

Answer 29

They believe in equality is the core principle and it is an aspect of our human nature.

Question 30

Which socialist strand does not use the language of class at all

Answer 30

Third Way

Question 31

Define communism

Answer 31

An economic system in which the means of production are owned by the common rather than the individuals. Also social class and inequality are abolished

Question 32

Why did the consequence of revolutionary socialist prove disappointing for many socialists

Answer 32

Marx's ideas

Question 33

Define class consciousness

Answer 33

The Marxist idea that the proletariat would become aware of their economic position in society and join others to form a mass revolutionary movement

Question 34

What theory did Luxembourg develop?

Answer 34

Revolutionary mass action- she believed that the organisation is the class struggle had to come from below and show be a spontaneous uprising of the proletariat

Question 35

What is revisionist stand of socialism

Answer 35

Social democracy and the Third Way

Question 36

Why do social democrats accept capitalism?

Answer 36

best way of creating large amounts of wealth.

Question 37

How do the social democrats ensure there is social justice ?

Answer 37

progressive taxation, welfare and redistribution, mixed economies

Question 38

Social democrats are also called revisionists sometimes why?

Answer 38

They rejected revolution as violent and unnecessary at a time when the franchise was being extended and capitalism had proved to be more complex. Reformism implies gradual and peaceful change