Socialism

Question 1

who are the revolutionary key thinkers

Answer 1

karl marx+ friedrich engels and rosa luxemburg

Question 2

who is the evolutionary socialism thinker/ democratic socialism key thinker

Answer 2

beatrice webb

Question 3

who is the social democrat key thinker

Answer 3

anthony crossland

Question 4

who is the 3rd way key thinker

Answer 4

anthony giddens

Question 5

How do revolutionary socialists veiw human nature

Answer 5

positive but we are impacted by capitalism, collectivism, fraternity, absolute equality of outcome.

Question 6

how do social democrats view human nature

Answer 6

support of meritocracy, equality of opportunity as our ability to prosper is impacted by our environment, positive view

Question 7

how did marx view human nature

Answer 7

humans are social and fraternal, influenced by nurture not nature, humans cant fully express themselves or flourish under capitalism, capitalism alienates people.

Question 8

how did marx + engels view the state

Answer 8

its an instrument of class opression, cna only be overthrown by revolution, state should organise the means of production through workers control.

Question 9

how did marx and engles view society.

Answer 9

its dominated by class conflict, class consciousness is needed for revolution, economic system affects all aspects of society ( superstructure)

Question 10

marx and engels view of the economy

Answer 10

should be state controlled through collectivism, workers have democratic control, capitalism replaced by centrally planed economy based on common ownership.

Question 11

rosa luxembourgs view on human nature

Answer 11

fraternity.

Question 12

rosa luxembourg view on the state.

Answer 12

a capitalist state is at odds with humans fraternal nature, revolution would lead to a new democracy based on common ownership.

Question 13

rosa luxembourgs view on society

Answer 13

socialism cant be gradual there must be a revolution, class consciousness will come from trade unionism, disagrred with historicism

Question 14

rosa luxembourgs veiws on the economy

Answer 14

capitalism leads to exploitation and imperialism, workers hsould determine their wages, capitalism cannot absorb the surplus value it creates and will run out of areas to exploit and therefore will inevitably collapse.

Question 15

Beatrice webbs view on human nature

Answer 15

Beleived the average voter was selfish and uninformed so representative democracy is preferable. inevitability of gradualism - workers will vote for socialists who better their lives.

Question 16

how did beatrice webb view the state.

Answer 16

inevitability of gradualism, expansion of state to deliver socialism, collectivism, state is neutral and can be used to bring socialist change, philanthropy and paternalism arent enough.

Question 17

how did beatrice webb view society

Answer 17

rejected marxs theory that class struggle is necessary, many societal problems are caused by poverty from capitalism.

Question 18

how did beatrice webb view the economy

Answer 18

increase state intervention, central planning to deal with poverty and unemployment.
abolish capitalism.

Question 19

how did anthony crosland view human nature.

Answer 19

social justice and equality, communitarian society, talents come from nature or nurture and are out o our control and we shouldnt be rewarded for them, democratic equality.

Question 20

how did anthony crosland view the state

Answer 20

modern capitalism isnt as contadictory or dividing enough to drive social change, capitalism should be managed to deliver social justice and equality ( welfare and redistrubution of wealth)

Question 21

how did anthony crosland view society.

Answer 21

education is extremely important developed comprehensive education to broaden freeedom of opportunity,

Question 22

how did anthony crosland view the economy.

Answer 22

egalitarian distrubution of rewards, high government spending and resdistribution of wealth, keynesian economics and some nationalisation ( should compete with private companies)

Question 23

how did anthony giddens view human nature

Answer 23

focus on community, less importance on class, community important to offset negatives of free market and promote social cohesion, individualism is important.

Question 24

how did anthony giddens view the state

Answer 24

rejected excessive state intervention, social investment in education, welfare should help people to look after themselves not become reliant on it.

Question 25

how did anthony giddens view society.

Answer 25

equality of opportunity over equality of outcome, social democracy modernised for globalisation.

Question 26

how did anthony giddens view the economy.

Answer 26

accepted free market economy, some intervention to control huge inequality of outcome, excessive taxtaion discourages investment.