Socialisation and Social Control Flashcards
What is primary socialisation?
Socialisation taken within the first 5 years - taught basic norms and values by parents
What is primary socialisation taught through?
Imitation
Trial and Error
Positive and Negative Sanctions
What do functionalists argue about primary socialisation?
Argue we learn the value consensus needed for society
What do Feminists argue about primary socialisation?
Argue primary socialisation reinforces patriarchy and gender stereotypes
What 2 things does Feminist Ann Oakley say about primary socialisation?
Manipulation - parents influencing children by easily encouraging/discouraging ways of behaving for their gender
Canalisation - children are persuaded to show more interest to certain toys; Adults have their conceptions of toys appropriate for boys and girls
What do Marxists argue about primary socialisation
Socialises those of the working class to accept their lower positions in society
Learn from a young age where they sit in society
What is secondary socialisation?
The continuation of socialisation by other organisations and agencies throughout life
What are the agencies of secondary socialisation?
Education
Media
Workplace
Peer Groups
Religion
How does Education provide socialisation?
Socialisation is taught through the formal and hidden curriculum
Formal - based on the language and culture of society and reflects its values
Hidden - norms and values learnt outside of lesson
What do Marxists argue about education and socialisation?
Opportunities within education differ between social classes - Working Class children placed in lower sets
Further creates resentment and capitalism
What do Feminists argue about education and socialisation?
Education is gendered
What do functionalists argue about education and socialisation?
See education as positive
Hidden curriculum reflects value consensus and meritocracy
How do peer groups provide socialisation?
Children spend most their time with peers - influential
Learn what is considered acceptable behaviour and vice versa
Why are peer groups sometimes seen as negative within socialisation?
Can cause rebellion - resist the norms and values of society
Eg goths emos
How does the media provide socialisation?
Very influential in controlling our opinions and what we see
What does Mulvey argue about the media?
Creates this ‘male gaze’ where women are sexualised within the media
Women are represented as sexual objects for male viewers
What do Marxists argue about the media?
The media focuses on Blue Collar Crime - committed by the working class
The media is owned by the rich - everything benefits them which reinforces the gap between rich and poor
How does the workplace provide socialisation?
Resocialisation - learn new norms and values (rules)
Formal and Informal socialisation
F = code of conduct
IF = socialising/accepted behaviours
How does religion provide socialisation?
New set of beliefs introduced
Routines
Different ideology - what is seen as right and wrong
What do functionalists argue about religion and socialisation?
Helps promote set of beliefs and moral code which contributes to value consensus
What does Marxist Althusser say about religion and socialisation?
Religion spreads dominant ideology - which creates hegemony and promotes acceptance of inequalities in society
What is informal social control?
The reactions/approvals of others that bring about conformity to norms and laws
What are some examples of informal sanctions?
- Social discrimination
- Exclusion
- Disappointment from others/family
- Criticism
Why is informal social control important?
Massive impact on peoples lives as we come in contact with it everyday
Promotes social organisation
What is formal social control?
Behaviour is controlled through organisations that enforce order - explicit and obvious
Why is formal social control more effective?
Sanctions are much more serious - can be put on a person’s record
What are some examples of organisations that enforce order?
Police
Military
Government
CJS
What are some examples of formal sanctions?
- Sentences
- Fines
- Warnings from police
- Fines
What is the Marxist view on social control?
Society is taught to learn the values of the ruling class - only the ruling class benefit from social control.
Working class are targeted by the organisations
What do functionalists argue about social control?
Functional as it ensures criminals are dealt with
No anomie - mutual value consensus
What do interactionists argue about social control?
As a result of social control many individuals are labelled in society as ‘criminal’ or more likely to not have appropriate behaviour.
