Socialisation and Social Control

Question 1

What is primary socialisation?

Answer 1

Socialisation taken within the first 5 years - taught basic norms and values by parents

Question 2

What is primary socialisation taught through?

Answer 2

Imitation
Trial and Error
Positive and Negative Sanctions

Question 3

What do functionalists argue about primary socialisation?

Answer 3

Argue we learn the value consensus needed for society

Question 4

What do Feminists argue about primary socialisation?

Answer 4

Argue primary socialisation reinforces patriarchy and gender stereotypes

Question 5

What 2 things does Feminist Ann Oakley say about primary socialisation?

Answer 5

Manipulation - parents influencing children by easily encouraging/discouraging ways of behaving for their gender

Canalisation - children are persuaded to show more interest to certain toys; Adults have their conceptions of toys appropriate for boys and girls

Question 6

What do Marxists argue about primary socialisation

Answer 6

Socialises those of the working class to accept their lower positions in society

Learn from a young age where they sit in society

Question 7

What is secondary socialisation?

Answer 7

The continuation of socialisation by other organisations and agencies throughout life

Question 8

What are the agencies of secondary socialisation?

Answer 8

Education

Media

Workplace

Peer Groups

Religion

Question 9

How does Education provide socialisation?

Answer 9

Socialisation is taught through the formal and hidden curriculum

Formal - based on the language and culture of society and reflects its values

Hidden - norms and values learnt outside of lesson

Question 10

What do Marxists argue about education and socialisation?

Answer 10

Opportunities within education differ between social classes - Working Class children placed in lower sets

Further creates resentment and capitalism

Question 11

What do Feminists argue about education and socialisation?

Answer 11

Education is gendered

Question 12

What do functionalists argue about education and socialisation?

Answer 12

See education as positive

Hidden curriculum reflects value consensus and meritocracy

Question 13

How do peer groups provide socialisation?

Answer 13

Children spend most their time with peers - influential

Learn what is considered acceptable behaviour and vice versa

Question 14

Why are peer groups sometimes seen as negative within socialisation?

Answer 14

Can cause rebellion - resist the norms and values of society

Eg goths emos

Question 15

How does the media provide socialisation?

Answer 15

Very influential in controlling our opinions and what we see

Question 16

What does Mulvey argue about the media?

Answer 16

Creates this ‘male gaze’ where women are sexualised within the media
Women are represented as sexual objects for male viewers

Question 17

What do Marxists argue about the media?

Answer 17

The media focuses on Blue Collar Crime - committed by the working class

The media is owned by the rich - everything benefits them which reinforces the gap between rich and poor

Question 18

How does the workplace provide socialisation?

Answer 18

Resocialisation - learn new norms and values (rules)

Formal and Informal socialisation
F = code of conduct
IF = socialising/accepted behaviours

Question 19

How does religion provide socialisation?

Answer 19

New set of beliefs introduced

Routines

Different ideology - what is seen as right and wrong

Question 20

What do functionalists argue about religion and socialisation?

Answer 20

Helps promote set of beliefs and moral code which contributes to value consensus

Question 21

What does Marxist Althusser say about religion and socialisation?

Answer 21

Religion spreads dominant ideology - which creates hegemony and promotes acceptance of inequalities in society

Question 22

What is informal social control?

Answer 22

The reactions/approvals of others that bring about conformity to norms and laws

Question 23

What are some examples of informal sanctions?

Answer 23

• Social discrimination
• Exclusion
• Disappointment from others/family
• Criticism

Question 24

Why is informal social control important?

Answer 24

Massive impact on peoples lives as we come in contact with it everyday
Promotes social organisation

Question 25

What is formal social control?

Answer 25

Behaviour is controlled through organisations that enforce order - explicit and obvious

Question 26

Why is formal social control more effective?

Answer 26

Sanctions are much more serious - can be put on a person’s record

Question 27

What are some examples of organisations that enforce order?

Answer 27

Police
Military
Government
CJS

Question 28

What are some examples of formal sanctions?

Answer 28

• Sentences
• Fines
• Warnings from police
• Fines

Question 29

What is the Marxist view on social control?

Answer 29

Society is taught to learn the values of the ruling class - only the ruling class benefit from social control.

Working class are targeted by the organisations

Question 30

What do functionalists argue about social control?

Answer 30

Functional as it ensures criminals are dealt with

No anomie - mutual value consensus

Question 31

What do interactionists argue about social control?

Answer 31

As a result of social control many individuals are labelled in society as ‘criminal’ or more likely to not have appropriate behaviour.