Socialisation and Culture

Question 1

What are the social institutions?

Answer 1

education, family, media, religion, criminal justice system and the stratification system

Question 2

Culture

Answer 2

describes the way of life of a group of people

Question 3

Material Culture

Answer 3

describes the physical things that people create and attach emotional meaning to e.g. clothing

Question 4

Non-material Culture

Answer 4

describes the ideas/values that people share e.g. traditions

Question 5

Norms

Answer 5

the unwritten rules of behaviours in social situations

Question 6

Values

Answer 6

beliefs about what is right and wrong in the world

Question 7

Ascribed Status

Answer 7

status we are born with, is largely fixed and unchangeable e.g. ethnicity

Question 8

Achieved Status

Answer 8

status that is a result of effort and choice e.g. qualifications

Question 9

Master Status

Answer 9

status so important it overrides other status held e.g. disability

Question 10

Roles

Answer 10

define the expected patterns and norms of those with particular status

Question 11

Role Expectations

Answer 11

the fact that each of our roles are performed in relation to other roles

Question 12

Role Conflict

Answer 12

used to describe what happens when our different roles do not fit together well and come into conflict with each other e.g. being a student and having a part time job

Question 13

Cultural diversity

Answer 13

the differences in norms, values and traditions in cultures e.g. differences in marriage practises

Question 14

Na of China

Answer 14

Society of farmers in the Himalaya region of China
speak their own language
have their own belief system/religion
use a bartering exchange system
no tradition of marriage, people live with their families

Question 15

Collectivist culture

Answer 15

emphasise belonging to the group as more important than personal freedom

Question 16

Individualist culture

Answer 16

emphasise individual freedom and personal gain, sometimes at the expense of others

Question 17

Biological imperatives

Answer 17

things animals do to survive and reproduce

Question 18

Socio-biology

Answer 18

human behaviour is explainable through biological factors rather than socialisation

Question 19

Feral Children

Answer 19

children that have been deprived of human contact during childhood and have not received correct primary socialisation in the family

Question 20

Primary socialisation

Answer 20

takes place within the family and the home

Question 21

Secondary socialisation

Answer 21

takes place outside of the family

Question 22

Tertiary socialisation

Answer 22

adult socialisation and takes place where people need to adapt to new situations

Question 23

Formal socialisation

Answer 23

these are processes where people are deliberately and consciously manipulated to ensure they learn to follow the rules

Question 24

Informal socialisation

Answer 24

process whereby people learn societal culture through watching and learning from others around them

Question 25

Formal social control

Answer 25

deliberate training of people to follow the rules

Question 26

Informal social control

Answer 26

consists of people following unwritten rules such as norms and values

Question 27

Imitation

Answer 27

children watch and copy

Question 28

Role models

Answer 28

children copy their role models

Question 29

Sanctions

Answer 29

children receive praise for behaviour which conforms to norms and values (positive sanctions) children receive punishments for behaviour which doesn't conform with norms and values (negative sanctions)

Question 30

Value consensus

Answer 30

shared norms and values

Question 31

Hidden curriculum

Answer 31

norms, values and beliefs that pupils learn through the experience of education, both in and outside the classroom

Question 32

Durkheim

Answer 32

school is a miniature society

Question 33

Particularistic values

Answer 33

where an individual is treated as a particular child and therefore differently to others

Question 34

Universalistic values

Answer 34

where an individual is treated according to the same standards as everyone else in society

Question 35

Social solidarity

Answer 35

children feel they have ties to something bigger than themselves

Question 36

Copycat behaviour

Answer 36

Bandura- children model the behaviour on the behaviour of role models they see on TV

Question 37

Hypodermic syringe model

Answer 37

media has a direct influence on behaviour and attitudes

Question 38

Canteen culture

Answer 38

associated with the police force culture taught by the hidden curriculum and involves a working knowledge of practical policing

Question 39

Mcdonaldisation of work

Answer 39

Ritzer- workers are trained not to show initiative work becomes repetitive and boring

Question 40

I and Me

Answer 40

Mead- me is how others see us, I represents the internal personality and desires

Question 41

Looking-glass self

Answer 41

Cooley- our self concept is influenced in how people respond to us and interactions

Question 42

Pick and mix identities

Answer 42

Bauman- identity is now a matter of choice

Question 43

Consumerism

Answer 43

people purchase a wide range of products they can use to construct their identities

Question 44

Subculture

Answer 44

a group who may hold different norms and values to those of mainstream society

Question 45

Canalisation

Answer 45

Oakley- boys and girls are channelled into appropriate activities

Question 46

Verbal appellations

Answer 46

girls are called angels and princesses whereas boys are often called little monster and other aggressive names

Question 47

Bedroom culture

Answer 47

Mcrobbie- culture of femininity exists mainly in private spaces

Question 48

Hyper-heterosexuality

Answer 48

pressures on WC girls to dress in a hyper-heterosexual feminine style right appearance earned symbolic capital and approval from peers

Question 49

Gender segregation in school

Answer 49

boys tend to monopolise most of the space playing sports girls tended to stay closer to the school and play with skipping ropes and hopscotch squares

Question 50

Objective class identity

Answer 50

refers to a people's income, occupation etc

Question 51

Subjective class identity

Answer 51

refers to what class a person thinks they belong to

Question 52

Habitus

Answer 52

Bourdieu- set of ideas of a social class which influences their tastes and choices high culture=reflects the habitus of the UC popular culture=reflects the habitus of the WC

Question 53

Cultural capital

Answer 53

refers to the knowledge, attitudes and values of the MC which gives them an advantage in education

Question 54

Conspicuous consumption

Answer 54

they buy extravagant consumer goods to provide them with status