Socialisation

Question 1

Durkheim

Answer 1

Functionalist Socialisation:
A major function of religion is value consensus

Question 2

Parsons

Answer 2

Functionalist Socialisation:
Social order is achieved through the existence of shared norms within society
Institutions socialise us into shared norms and values to ensure stability
Functionalist Socialisation:
Education is bridge between the family and wider society by preparing children for work

Question 3

Marx

Answer 3

Marxist Socialisation:
Religion is the ‘opium of the masses’ and socialises people into accepting the exploitations of the ruling class through religious justifications

Question 4

Althusser

Answer 4

Marxist Socialisation:
Schools socialise students into acceptance of hierarchy, obedience and discipline

Question 5

Bowles and Gintis

Answer 5

Marxist Socialisation:
Education is a ‘giant myth-making machine’

Question 6

Madell

Answer 6

Media:
16 year olds spent on average 2.5 hours a day watching TV
91% of 11-16 year olds own a mobile phone

Question 7

Baumeister

Answer 7

Functionalist Socialisation:
Family provides children with an identity
Main form of learning is through imitative play

Question 8

Young

Answer 8

Media:
Media has created a ‘bulimic society’

Question 9

Harris

Answer 9

Peer groups:
Peer group can be more influential than family in shaping children’s identities

Question 10

Sewell

Answer 10

Peer groups:
‘Cultural comfort zones’
The way in which we associate with those similar to ourselves

Question 11

Frosch et al

Answer 11

Gendered Socialisation:
Boys thought hardness, being fashionable, holding anti-school values and being sporty were values to aspire to
Hegemonic masculinity = popular status
Boys who value academic success and committed to work are often seen as feminine

Question 12

Waddington

Answer 12

Peer groups:
Canteen culture
The set of norms and values that people will be socialised to accept at work

Question 13

Zaretsky

Answer 13

Marxist Socialisation:
Family socialises children into ruling class agenda

Question 14

Statham

Answer 14

Gendered Socialisation:
By the age of 5, children have acquired a clear gender identity

Question 15

Oakley

Answer 15

Gendered Socialisation:
4 elements of gender socialisation
Manipulation: encouraging gendered behaviour (clothing)
Canalisation: process of channelling expected behaviour (toys)
Verbal Appellations: using different words/phrases for different sexes
Differentiated Activities: promoting different activities between boys/girls

Question 16

Parsons

Answer 16

Gendered Socialisation:
Sex role differentiation is determined by biology
Males and females are socialised into roles that reflect natural characteristics

Question 17

Goldberg

Answer 17

Gendered Socialisation:
Males have an inbuilt dominance tendency
This is why they dominate the top roles in society