Socialisation

Question 1

what is socialisation

Answer 1

-the way a person is trained to take part in society
-e.g using a knife and fork; crossing a road correctly
-pic up norms and values
-how culture is passed down from one gen to another

Question 2

children that don’t receive socialisation are known as

Answer 2

feral children

Question 3

positive views on socialisation

Answer 3

-functionalist support
-they celebrate people and organisations (agencies)-e.g cubs and scouts who are ‘raising young people right’

Question 4

negative views on socialisation

Answer 4

-marxists and feminists
-brainwashing and indoctrinating
e.g evil practices like slavery will be passed down

Question 5

Post modernist view on socialisation

Answer 5

neither bad nor good. part of society and changing global world

Question 6

what is primary socialisation

Answer 6

takes place during childhood

Question 7

whats the main agent of primary socialisation

Answer 7

-family
-first few years is crucial to person’s development

Question 8

Leon Kuczynski (2012)

Answer 8

primary socialisation is a process through which parents aim to instil cultural continuity and competence into their children
-involves parents teaching their children how to interact and behave in particular social contexts, how to think and reason, how to communicate appropriately in a range of social situations, how to skilfully regulate the expression of their emotions, and how to successfully manage relationships with familiars, strangers and those in authority.

Question 9

Roy Baumeister (1986)

Answer 9

primary socialisation results in young children believing that their family will love and care for them as long as they conform to behavioural norms approved by their parents. Parental love and approval (and the fear of losing these) provide a very powerful motivation to adopt ways of behaving encouraged by their parents.

Question 10

George Herbert Mead (1934)

Answer 10

children develop a sense of self-identity through their interaction with other people, especially their significant other

Question 11

Charles Cooley (1998)

Answer 11

‘looking glass self’, states that a person’s self grows out of a person’s social interactions with others. The view of we have of ourselves does not come from who we really are, but rather from how we believe others see us.

Question 12

Albert Bandura (1963)

Answer 12

social learning theory suggests that observation and imitation play a major role in the socialisation process. He claims that children can learn behaviour by watching others, especially role models that they love and look up to

Question 13

conclusion to primary socialisation

Answer 13

contribute to children becoming aware of themselves as ‘social beings’. They recognise that they have particular identities inside the family unit and outside it too
-process of taking on these roles and identities results in children’s realisation that they are capable of social action that has consequences for others

Question 14

modern reasoning for primary socialisation

Answer 14

most modern societies recognise that childhood is an important phase in the formation of civil society
-fair, tolerant, courteous and compassionate

Question 15

what are feral children

Answer 15

isolated from regular human contact or have been abandoned into the wild and supposedly been partly raised by animals.

Question 16

Candland (1996) feral children

Answer 16

ignorant of language and seem to have internalised by imitation the behaviour of the animals they have spent time with. For example, such children may grunt, growl or bark. They cannot walk upright but instead crouch and move using both their arms and legs like an animal.

Question 17

primary socialisation-modern age

Answer 17

in capitalist society, both parents may be raised by full-time workers so responsibility is in hand of nannies, childminders etc.

Question 18

what is secondary socialisation

Answer 18

learn ideas, attitudes, values, norms and skills both inside and outside the home from sources other than their parents or other kin

Question 19

formal education and secondary socialisation

Answer 19

two devices:
1) visible academic curriculum: taught appropriate knowledge and skills
2) hidden curriculum: unintentional side effects e.g teachers calling boys strong

Question 20

what do marxist feminists say about the hidden curriculum

Answer 20

wc, ethnic minority and female are most affected

Question 21

hidden curriculum evaluation (2-)

Answer 21

(-) hidden curriculum isn’t fully hidden but rather written down in a code of conduct
(-) no effect of hidden curriculum: Corrigan (1977) conducted ethnographic research into how working-class students experienced and interpreted school and came to the conclusion that the boys in their studies could resist the influence of the hidden curriculum and consequently were relatively unaffected by it.

Question 22

peer groups as agents of socialisation

Answer 22

-similar status
-regular contact through work or school
-strong influence on adoloscent behaviour
-peer pressure to fit in with friends and gain status
-workplace : Suzman “work is social glue that holds society together”

Question 23

Cote (2000) -peer groups

Answer 23

Cote (2000) suggests that in young adulthood, peer group or friendship networks eventually become more important than relationships with parents as a source of knowledge about how to live one’s life.

Question 24

religion and media as agency of socialisation

Answer 24

-religion played a key role in past
-europe is now mostly non-religious
-media is now main source of socialisation
-feminists criticise media as it portrays women as hyper sexual

Question 25

nature nurture debate intro

Answer 25

are we raised by nature- nativists (genetics) or nurture- social constructivists (socialisation)

Question 26

what do theories say about the nature nurture debate

Answer 26

functionalists: strong changes in biology that socialisation cannot change
Marxists and Feminists: society is responsible for our behaviour

Question 27

4 studies for nature nurture debate

Answer 27

1) twin studies
2) feral children
3) experiments
4) cross cultural studies e.g San and other tribes
with (+) and (-) for each