socialisation Flashcards
Primary socialisation
What is socialisation? what three things are learnt?
What is learnt during this stage?
Socialisation is a process in which we learn norms, values and behaviours appropriate to our society
Refer to the first stage of a life long process
During this stage, through interaction, infants learn basic norms and ways of behaving
Imitating behaviour
Formal processes of social control
mechanisms used to reward or punish acceptable or unacceptable behaviour
associated with more formal agents of socialisation such as education and the workplace
include direct instructions and formal praise or criticism
What happens when children miss out on primary socialisation?
what are they referred to as?
Examples?
Examples
Horst: raised by a dog and therefore copied the behaviourism of dogs such as whimpering and growling, crawling instead of walking as they were his primary care givers
Genie- was isolated during childhood in a small room and had little to no human contact. After being found by social workers at the age of 13 it was clear that through social deprivation she could not speak or walk, because of malnutritiion she was the size of a six year old and she still wore dipars.
Marina Chapman- lived with a family of monkeys for 5 years after being left in a jungle. She walked in all ours like a monkey, ate berries, roots and bannanas dropped by the monkeys and slept inside of the holes in trees as monkeys would.
secondary socialisation
What is socialisation? what three things are learnt?
Examples? Which sociologist can be linked?
Socialisation is the process in which we learn the norms, values and behaviours appropriate to our society
Where behaviours are learnt through ‘agents’ or ‘institutions’ outside of the family
Examples include
the media e.g. news,politics
education- learn norms and values such as punctuality, hard work and respecting others- hidden curriculum discussed by Bourdieu
peer group- may influence language, fashion and behaviours
workplace - having responsibilities, skills and knowledge
religion- learn faith and beliefs, traditions, culture and worships
informal processes of social control
mechanisms used to reward or punish acceptable behaviour. Associated with more information agents of socialisation like the media and peer group
Startegeies in how behaviours are taught
Postive and negative sanctions stereotyping imitation of role models inclusion and exclusion rewards and prise peer pressure
Norms and values
what are norms
what are values
Norms- rules which control human behaviour. Norms differ amongst societies and change over time therefore they are socially constructed. Norms are learnt through primary socialisation
Example- eating with a knife and fork (a norm in the UK but may not be in other cultures such as North Africa it is the norm to eat with your hands).
Gender norms- discussed by Oakley
Values- ethical principles enforced by formal agents of social control. Values are socially constructed and thought through agents of socialisation
Examples- honesty, democracy, fairness
social roles What is a role? what two specific things does each role have? how are these learnt? Examples? which sociologist can be linked?
A role is a part you play in society. People may have many different roles at once.
Each role has a specific set of norms or behaviours which are learnt through socialisation.
Examples
Teachers- are expected to do things they would not do in their role as a mother or father such as dressing smartly or assigning homework
Gender roles: men traditionally would be the breadwinner whereas women would be a mother and house wife- discussed by Parsons, who states that the family socialises children into hegemonic gender roles
Ascribed and acieved status
Ascribed status: status in which a person is born into e.g. Prince William is born into has status as future king
Achieved status: status gained through hard work e.g. a teacher- university to gain qualifications
Status can also be linked to hierarchy, where some roles have high status and some have low status
Shirbit culture
What is the norm for the culture?
What values do they hold?
Norm- Rituals such as brushing teeth twice a day, body rituals of scraping and lacerating their faces with sharp instruments, adults never discuss rituals
Values- the Shirbit culture believes that the human body is ugly and that its natural tendency is to feebleness and disease
Without the rituals of the mouth, they believed that their teeth would fall out, their friends would desert them and their lovers would reject them.
