Social Work Flashcards
1
Q
Social Services
A
Personal or community services provided to help people improve their social well being
2
Q
Income Security
A
Financial or material assistance provided to increase the income or other resources of individuals and families.
3
Q
Welfare State
A
System whereby the state undertakes to protect the health and well-being of its citizens (esp those in social/financial need)
4
Q
Social Policies
A
overall rules and regulations, laws and other administrative directives that set the framework for state social welfare activity
5
Q
Social Programs
A
Initiatives that follow on from and implement social welfare policies.
6
Q
Social Safety Net
A
gives citizens a sense of security and belonging
7
Q
Public Welfare
A
Services provided by all three levels of government
8
Q
Private Welfare
A
Services provided by non-profit and for-profit organizations
9
Q
Residual View of Social Welfare
A
social welfare should be a limited response when all else fails
10
Q
Institutional View of Social Welfare
A
Social welfare should seek to provide reasonable standards of living for all ciizens
11
Q
Structural Approach to Social Welfare
A
Social welfare should help people in need and expose and seek to change the underlying inequalities in society that cause these problems
12
Q
CASW
A
Federation of provincial and territorial social work organizations that works to advance the social work profession
13
Q
Three Levels of Social Work Practice
A
Micro - direct practice with individuals
Mezzo - groups and communities
Macro - organizations or communities to improve or change laws or policies
14
Q
Case Worker
A
Traditional idea of social worker - one on one counselling with individuals, usually as part of a social service agency
15
Q
Social change/social justice mandate
A
Working in solidarity with disenfranchised so as to eliminate barriers, inequities and injustices that exist.
16
Q
Problem Solving
A
Identify problems and forumlate plans of action
17
Q
Person in the environment
A
Go beyond internal, psychological factors and examine relationship between individuals and their environments. This approach distinguishes social work from other practices/ professions. Goes beyond immediate family, extends to friends, workplace, coworkers community, schools, religions etc
18
Q
Empowerment
A
Process of increasing personal, interpersonal or political power so that one can improve one’s particular situation.. Can be personal state of mind or tangible powers within an organization or legal rights or combination
19
Q
Empowerment Based Social Work
A
Three aspects. 1. Making power explicit in client-worker relationship (equalizes relationship)
- Giving clients experiences in which they are in control
- Always supporting the client’s own efforts to understand the power relationships in their own lives as well as their efforts to gain greater control over their lives as a way of promoting change
20
Q
Direct Social Work
A
Working directly with people as individuals, within families or households, in a face-to-face way
21
Q
Indirect Social Work
A
Work benefiting those in need, done though organizations/agencies by implementing/changing policies etc
22
Q
Social Insurance
A
Programs that follow insurance principle of shared risk. EI, Workers Comp, etc
23
Q
Minimum Income
A
Provide monetary assistance to those with no other source of income. Geared towards those living in poverty and determined by the minimum amount necessary to meet basic needs. Welfare/workfare
24
Q
Demogrants
A
Universal flat-rate payments made to individuals or households on the sole basis of demographic characteristics, like age or number of children
25
Income Supplementation
Supplement income that is obtained elsewhere, whether through paid employment or other income security programs. Not intended to be a primary source of income.
26
Employment Insurance
Federally administered, since 1941. Provides level of income replacement to temporarily unemployed workers who meet strict eligibility requirements
27
Worker's Comp
Provincially administered since 1914. First social insurance program in Canada. Designed to protect against income loss due to workplace injury or illness.
28
Social Assistance/Welfare
Provincial relief programs designed originally to provide social support to 'deserving poor'
29
Canada Child Tax Benefit (CCTB/NCBS)
Low-middle income families with children receive support/tax credit
30
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan
National contributory earnings based pension program introduced in 1966.
31
Disability
Earnings related and flat rate portion for people who have severe and prolonged disability resulting in the inability to participate in the labour force
32
Survivor/death benefits
Surviving family members may be eligible of a contributor's benefits
33
Old Age Security
Supplement of the low-income elderly
34
Veterans Disability Pension
Available to veterans with service related disability resulting from injury or disease
35
Universal Programs
Available to everyone in specific categories
36
Selective Programs
Target those who are in need or eligible based on a means test or needs test.
37
Low Income Cut Offs
Measure of poverty rate in Canada based on average household spending on necessities plus 20 percent and varies according to region and family size.
38
Low Income Measure
Measure of poverty used for international comparisons based on one-half of the median income of a country
39
Market Basket Measure
Proposed poverty measure based on the cost of consumption rather than income
40
Ideology
Broad set of ideas, values, beliefs and attitudes held by a particular person or group that shapes that individual or group's way of thinking and acting.
41
Keynesans
Believe that gov should emphasize policies that combat unemployment in order to maintain the income of consumers
42
Monetarists
gov should keep inflation in check, not worry about uneployment too much
43
Food banks/feeding programs
Used by 700, 000+ Canadians per month
44
Political Economy Perspective
Believes ownership creates two classes that are antagonistic, unemployment results when unions are weakened and cannot protect the jobs of working people
45
Economic Globalization
Growing integration and expansion of global markets for goods, services and finances
46
Global Social Welfare
A concern with justice, social regulation, social provision and redistribution between nations
47
Private Charities
An early approach to social work that involved private individuals and religion organizations that provided material relief to the poor
48
Poor Relief
Poor Laws signaled an important progression from private charities to public charity, where the care and supervision of the poor was embodied in law and the responsibility each town/village
49
Deserving Poor
People who were poor through no fault of their own and considered to be of good moral character
50
Undeserving Poor
People who were perceived to be poor because they are lazy/degenerate morally. Undeserving of charity
51
Charity Organization Society
In Britain the COS advanced the concept of self-help and limited gov intervention to deal with the effects of poverty. Claimed to use "scientific principles to root out scroungers and target relief where it was most needed"
52
Settlement House Movement
Settlement houses in poor neighbourhoods offered food, shelter and other basics in the form of charity on the part of wealthy donors, the residents of the city and scholars who volunteered their services
53
Scientific Philanthropy
An early approach to social work that rejected moral judgments and encourages a "scientific" assessment of human behaviour and approach to finding solutions
54
Casework
The use of systematic methods of investigation, assessment and decision making in social work practice
55
Social Gospel Movement
Movment directed toward a more socially oriented church among various churches that began in the 1880s. It advocated for improved living and working conditions and basic social justice.
56
Diagnostic Approach
Emphasizes an understanding of an individual's problem by reference to casual events in his or her early life.
57
Functional Approach
Based on the belief in the potential of individuals to determine their own direction
58
Foundation Theories
Generalized ideas about the world that provide the basis for practice theories
59
Practice Theories
Build on foundation knowledge, making it specific and relevant to the way we practice social work
60
Individual Level Theories
Theories that focus on individuals and their interactions
61
Structural-Level Theories
Theories that emphasize social structures, processes, and systems and how they shape people's experiences
62
Functional Theory
Introduced in the 1930's by Jessie Tafta. Based on work of personality psychologist Otto Rank which states that problems come from negative experience and can be overcome using one's personal power to effect change. Full participation of the client is necessary.
63
Social Work Theory
An organized way of thinking about the world that guides the way we practice social work
64
Strengths-Based Social Work
Introduced by Dennis Saleeby, Charles Rapp and Anne Weick. People have unique strengths and abilities and the capacity for growth and change. Client and worker collaborate, therapeutic relationship is an empowering space. Avoids pathologizing people.
65
Social Systems Theory
Germain and Gittermn use ideas of ecology/biology to develop lift mode guide which is used by generalist social workers since the 1980s. Problems arise when there is a lack of fit between ppl and their surroundings. Society consists of a series of interdependent systems and the individual exists within and is affected by these systems. Strong elements of empathy and reflection
66
Structural Approach
Largely Canadian, developed by Maurice Moreau. Focuses on the impact of wider social structures on personal problems, also considers secondary structures and considers all dimensions of personal problems attuned to less visible structural elements. Similar to social systems with a broader analysis.
67
Critical Social Work
Similar to structural approach, focus on social structures and personal problems. Concerned with power imbalances that exist between social workers and clients, seeks constructive methods for addressing this. Utilizes empowerment as an overall solution. Unravels societal relations underpinning our personal problems.
68
Feminist Social Work Practice
Emerged in 1970s with broader social movements. Social categories shape the way we understand/work with others. Women-centred approach that strives to understand particular experiences of oppression in relationships and the broader society. Consciousness raising, mutual support, valuing diversity, emphasis on women's lived experiences. Ignoring issues of gender means missing significant aspects of client's experiences.
69
Anti-Oppressive Practice
Many problems caused by oppressive structures of society. Not a single theory, draws on traditions united in the goal of understand and responding to oppressive conditions and relationships in society. Macro and micro relations generate oppression. Every day experiences are shaped by multiple forms of oppression.
70
Anti-Racist Social Work
Focuses specifically on how racism affects the lives of people of colour. Addresses racism at structural, organizational, community and individual levels. Calls for deconstruction of the social systems that function because of racial categorization and advocated for equitable reconstruction of these structures.
71
DSM
Lists all mental health disorders and criteria for diagnosis
72
Psychodynamic Perspective
Diagnostic approaches to social work based on Freud that focus on internal sources for individual problems. Must understand roots of anxieties, use specific techniques to expose the source of the problem and use these insights to resolve the issues which helps ppl manage their anxieties and behaviours. It has a diagnostic approach, internal pathology that began in childhood, rooted in white middle class Western judgment of normal and was critical in shaping much of social work practice theory, though contemporary approaches are more evolved
73
Existentialist Approach
Life is meaningless so humans create meaning to guide existence. people are intentional and deliberate in their choices to act and can influence the direction of their lives. Emphasis on choice and self-determination, help ppl make and stick to choices which can help
74
Gestalt Therapy
Unified whole is more significant than the sum of its parts. Humans defined by their relationships. "Begin where the client is" - Fritz Perls, psychotherapist. Client worker relationship mimics empowerment - must be equal/respectful/carl rogers
75
Client/Person-Centered Perspective
People are experts in their own problems. Rogers, 1950s. Psychotherapist, humanist. People are good, guided by search for meaning in life. Personal growth impeded results in personal problems. Non-judgmental, non-directive approach characterized by mutual respect. Can be vague, inconsistent, vary between workers
76
Rational Emotive Psychotherapy
Earliest form of cognitive behaviour approach in social work. Albert Ellis, 1950s, psychologist. How we think, feel and act all interact. Client is active in identifying emotional and practical problems in their own lives and working actively to change them. Client directed approach, alter own perceptions of reality to change beliefs/habits which self-inhibit. More structured/clearer guidelines than person-centered, but ignored social systems/structures
77
Narrative Therapy
Views storytelling as an integral part of the way we communicate with one another and make sense of our experiences. Developed in 1980's by therapists Michael White and David Epston. The way people tell stories reveals how they understand the world and their relationships within it and provides insights into their values, morals and beliefs
78
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
Behaviours are learned and shaped by our interpretations of the world, when flawed and inaccurate, these interpretations can lead to maladaptive behaviour. Seeks to understand thought process that brings about these behaviours and patterns which sustain them. Client reinterprets events and reshapes conditions. Shorter-term, goal-oriented approach. Esp. useful for anxiety disorders, phobias, mood disorders
79
Task-Centered Model
Short term therapy with measurable outcome and proven effectiveness. People experiencing problems have resources/motivation to resolve them. Particularly good for persistent, ongoing problems like interpersonal/relationship problems or role performance issues. Social workers assess and clarify problems and the desired outcomes, create a list of tasks to be accomplished in order to resolve the problem. Process of engaging as important as outcome, support of the social worker is essential.
80
Integrative approach
Uses concepts and methods from various sources, and builds a unified system that fits in the worker.
81
Eclectic Approach
Select concepts but do not attempt to unify pieces. Flexible.
82
Dialectical Approach
Synthesis or combine opposing approaches within theories. Allows social workers to address all dimensions of a problem/situation in a coherent/reasoned manner
83
Enabler
Assists clients in dealing with difficult circumstances
84
Broker
Linking people with services
85
Advocate
Fights for rights of others
86
Initiator
Calls attention to spcial problems
87
Mediator
Helps resolve problems between client and system
88
Negotiator
Brings people together to resolve conflicts
89
Activist
Social advocate for change
90
Educator
Teaches about programs and services
91
Integrated Service Delivery
Team based and client-focused model. Enables people to access services in one location from a variety of service providers.
92
Code of Ethics
1. Respect for Inherent Dignity and Wort of Persons
2. Pursuit of Social Justice
3. Service to Humanity
4. Integrity of Professional Practice
5, Confidentiality in Professional Practice
6. Compentence in Professional Practice
93
Voluntary Clients
People who choose to seek services
94
Involuntary Clients
People who are legally obligated to accept social services
95
Ambiguity of Social Work
By virtue of their close working relationship with clients in a caring context, social workers often must face balancing an urgent and practical intervention that might help remedy a difficult situation with more difficult ethical concerns.
96
In-home Services
Provided to help a household or family members live together harmoniously in a secure and safe environment. ex/ family counselling, parenting supports, etc
97
Out of home servives
Implemented when the home situation becomes unsuitable for the child. ex/ foster care, community supports, group homes
98
Differential Response
An approach to child protection that enables a new flexible intake and assessment model that assesses eligibility for service, safety and risk while allowing greater engagement with families.
99
Alternative Dispute Resolution
A streamlining approach to the court process that seeks alternatives to court.
100
Kinship Service
Approach to child protection that aims to keep children with immediate and extended family members; placement of children who are not in care of child services with other family members
101
Kinship Care
Refers to children in care of extended family members
102
Best Interests Approach
Emphasizes the protection and well-being of the child
103
Least Restrictive Approach
Emphasizes the least disruptive course of action in child protection, advocating keeping children with their families
104
Child Abuse
Betrayal of a caregiver's position of trust and authority over the child. Neglect, physical, sexual and emotional abuse all encompass forms of child abuse.
105
Risk Assessment
Estimate liklihood a child will be maltreated based on careful examination of pertinent data, so that action can be taken to prevent this from happening.
106
Duty to Report
Professional obligation to report reasonable suspicions of abuse or neglect to the proper authorities. Failure to report can lead to criminal charges and fines.
107
Aboriginal Peoples
Collective term for original inhabitants of Canada
108
Compassion Fatgue
Anxiety resulting from dealing with emotionally difficult cases under increased workplace pressure and increased workloads.
109
Colonialism
Forced political domination of one ntion over another including administrative, economic and cultural control
110
Indian Agent
Administrator of the Indian Act in Aboriginal Communities
111
Indian Act
Defined who was considered an "Indian" and exerted governmental control over Aboriginal peoples. Fragmented Aboriginal population into distinct groups, each with different rights, restrictions and obligations
112
Disk List System
Government refused to use Inuk names and instead assigned a numbered disk to each Inuk. Huge fail.
113
Residential School Systems
Established in mid 1900s by Indian Affairs in conjunction with several Christian churches, through which Aboriginal children were removed from their communities and placed in residential schools
114
Assimilationist Policies
Policies of the federal government towards Aboriginal people that attempted to deny and destroy Aboriginal life, culture and society in favour of integrating Canada's First Nations into the mainstream. These policies were pursued vigorously and viciously in the residential schools
115
Sixties Scoop
Massive removal of Aborginal children in the 1960s from their families and placement in non-Aboriginal homes
116
Aboriginal Approach to Practice
Distinct Aboriginal World View
Not one single philosophy, can draw upon fundamental differences between non-Aboriginal and Aboriginal world views
The importance of interconnectedness
E.g. beyond “the person in the environment”
Focus on individual and collective responsibility
117
Aboriginal Empowerment
Emphasizes the participation of community members in bringing about lasting social change
118
Holistic Approach to healing
Examining the whole of a person, addressing the social, cultural, mental and spiritual aspects of well-being
119
Healing lodges
Provide residential treatment to people who are overwhelmed by social, emotional and spiritual problems
120
Aboriginal self-government
Important in the reaffirmation of Aboriginal rights to land, and formal recognition of rights that already exist and existed prior to European incursions
121
LGBTTQ
Lesbian, gay, bi, transgender, transsexual, queer acronym
122
Heterosexual privilege
Privilege enjoyed by hetero because they are the part of the "norm"
123
Sex
Physical characteristics
124
Gender
Emotional identification as male or female
125
Homo/bi/transphobia
Irrational fear/dislike/hatred of people who do not comply with gender norms
126
Heterosexism
Denigration and stigmatization of behaviours/beliefs etc which are non-heterosexual in nature
127
Sexual Orientation
Enduring attraction to one sex or the other
128
Transgendered
Identifying with a gender which was not assigned at birth, gender bender
129
Transsexuals
Gender identity is at odds with assigned gender from birth. Still considered a mental illness `
130
Intersexuals
Internal sex is indeterminate - appear to be male, but genitalia is female etc
131
Sexology
Study if sexuality
132
Stonewall Rebellion
In NYC in 1969, rebellion of LGBTTQ
133
Social Constructionism
In relation to sexual attraction, this approach considers socio-cultural experience as the source for construction of homosexual identity and role. Gave rise to perspectives of choice and lifestyles, innate deterministic understanding of sexual orientation as advanced by essentialist perpective
134
Biological determinism
Every aspect of an individuals personalities behaviour and attitude is determined by genes. Theory minimizes and discounts the role of environmental factors within human development. In regards to sexuality, this thoery explains sexual behaviours and preferences in therms of biology and thereby focuses on the organic causes of not-conventional sexual identities and behaviours
135
Coming out
Making one's identity as LGBTTQ known to family/friends etc
136
Cissexual
Non-trans people who have no gender identity issues and perform gender roles as mandated by society.
