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Social Work Flashcards

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1
Q

Social Services

A

Personal or community services provided to help people improve their social well being

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2
Q

Income Security

A

Financial or material assistance provided to increase the income or other resources of individuals and families.

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3
Q

Welfare State

A

System whereby the state undertakes to protect the health and well-being of its citizens (esp those in social/financial need)

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4
Q

Social Policies

A

overall rules and regulations, laws and other administrative directives that set the framework for state social welfare activity

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5
Q

Social Programs

A

Initiatives that follow on from and implement social welfare policies.

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6
Q

Social Safety Net

A

gives citizens a sense of security and belonging

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7
Q

Public Welfare

A

Services provided by all three levels of government

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8
Q

Private Welfare

A

Services provided by non-profit and for-profit organizations

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9
Q

Residual View of Social Welfare

A

social welfare should be a limited response when all else fails

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10
Q

Institutional View of Social Welfare

A

Social welfare should seek to provide reasonable standards of living for all ciizens

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11
Q

Structural Approach to Social Welfare

A

Social welfare should help people in need and expose and seek to change the underlying inequalities in society that cause these problems

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12
Q

CASW

A

Federation of provincial and territorial social work organizations that works to advance the social work profession

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13
Q

Three Levels of Social Work Practice

A

Micro - direct practice with individuals
Mezzo - groups and communities
Macro - organizations or communities to improve or change laws or policies

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14
Q

Case Worker

A

Traditional idea of social worker - one on one counselling with individuals, usually as part of a social service agency

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15
Q

Social change/social justice mandate

A

Working in solidarity with disenfranchised so as to eliminate barriers, inequities and injustices that exist.

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16
Q

Problem Solving

A

Identify problems and forumlate plans of action

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17
Q

Person in the environment

A

Go beyond internal, psychological factors and examine relationship between individuals and their environments. This approach distinguishes social work from other practices/ professions. Goes beyond immediate family, extends to friends, workplace, coworkers community, schools, religions etc

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18
Q

Empowerment

A

Process of increasing personal, interpersonal or political power so that one can improve one’s particular situation.. Can be personal state of mind or tangible powers within an organization or legal rights or combination

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19
Q

Empowerment Based Social Work

A

Three aspects. 1. Making power explicit in client-worker relationship (equalizes relationship)

  1. Giving clients experiences in which they are in control
  2. Always supporting the client’s own efforts to understand the power relationships in their own lives as well as their efforts to gain greater control over their lives as a way of promoting change
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20
Q

Direct Social Work

A

Working directly with people as individuals, within families or households, in a face-to-face way

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21
Q

Indirect Social Work

A

Work benefiting those in need, done though organizations/agencies by implementing/changing policies etc

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22
Q

Social Insurance

A

Programs that follow insurance principle of shared risk. EI, Workers Comp, etc

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23
Q

Minimum Income

A

Provide monetary assistance to those with no other source of income. Geared towards those living in poverty and determined by the minimum amount necessary to meet basic needs. Welfare/workfare

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24
Q

Demogrants

A

Universal flat-rate payments made to individuals or households on the sole basis of demographic characteristics, like age or number of children

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25
Q

Income Supplementation

A

Supplement income that is obtained elsewhere, whether through paid employment or other income security programs. Not intended to be a primary source of income.

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26
Q

Employment Insurance

A

Federally administered, since 1941. Provides level of income replacement to temporarily unemployed workers who meet strict eligibility requirements

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27
Q

Worker’s Comp

A

Provincially administered since 1914. First social insurance program in Canada. Designed to protect against income loss due to workplace injury or illness.

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28
Q

Social Assistance/Welfare

A

Provincial relief programs designed originally to provide social support to ‘deserving poor’

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29
Q

Canada Child Tax Benefit (CCTB/NCBS)

A

Low-middle income families with children receive support/tax credit

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30
Q

Canada/Quebec Pension Plan

A

National contributory earnings based pension program introduced in 1966.

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31
Q

Disability

A

Earnings related and flat rate portion for people who have severe and prolonged disability resulting in the inability to participate in the labour force

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32
Q

Survivor/death benefits

A

Surviving family members may be eligible of a contributor’s benefits

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33
Q

Old Age Security

A

Supplement of the low-income elderly

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34
Q

Veterans Disability Pension

A

Available to veterans with service related disability resulting from injury or disease

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35
Q

Universal Programs

A

Available to everyone in specific categories

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36
Q

Selective Programs

A

Target those who are in need or eligible based on a means test or needs test.

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37
Q

Low Income Cut Offs

A

Measure of poverty rate in Canada based on average household spending on necessities plus 20 percent and varies according to region and family size.

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38
Q

Low Income Measure

A

Measure of poverty used for international comparisons based on one-half of the median income of a country

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39
Q

Market Basket Measure

A

Proposed poverty measure based on the cost of consumption rather than income

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40
Q

Ideology

A

Broad set of ideas, values, beliefs and attitudes held by a particular person or group that shapes that individual or group’s way of thinking and acting.

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41
Q

Keynesans

A

Believe that gov should emphasize policies that combat unemployment in order to maintain the income of consumers

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42
Q

Monetarists

A

gov should keep inflation in check, not worry about uneployment too much

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43
Q

Food banks/feeding programs

A

Used by 700, 000+ Canadians per month

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44
Q

Political Economy Perspective

A

Believes ownership creates two classes that are antagonistic, unemployment results when unions are weakened and cannot protect the jobs of working people

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45
Q

Economic Globalization

A

Growing integration and expansion of global markets for goods, services and finances

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46
Q

Global Social Welfare

A

A concern with justice, social regulation, social provision and redistribution between nations

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47
Q

Private Charities

A

An early approach to social work that involved private individuals and religion organizations that provided material relief to the poor

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48
Q

Poor Relief

A

Poor Laws signaled an important progression from private charities to public charity, where the care and supervision of the poor was embodied in law and the responsibility each town/village

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49
Q

Deserving Poor

A

People who were poor through no fault of their own and considered to be of good moral character

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50
Q

Undeserving Poor

A

People who were perceived to be poor because they are lazy/degenerate morally. Undeserving of charity

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51
Q

Charity Organization Society

A

In Britain the COS advanced the concept of self-help and limited gov intervention to deal with the effects of poverty. Claimed to use “scientific principles to root out scroungers and target relief where it was most needed”

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52
Q

Settlement House Movement

A

Settlement houses in poor neighbourhoods offered food, shelter and other basics in the form of charity on the part of wealthy donors, the residents of the city and scholars who volunteered their services

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53
Q

Scientific Philanthropy

A

An early approach to social work that rejected moral judgments and encourages a “scientific” assessment of human behaviour and approach to finding solutions

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54
Q

Casework

A

The use of systematic methods of investigation, assessment and decision making in social work practice

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55
Q

Social Gospel Movement

A

Movment directed toward a more socially oriented church among various churches that began in the 1880s. It advocated for improved living and working conditions and basic social justice.

56
Q

Diagnostic Approach

A

Emphasizes an understanding of an individual’s problem by reference to casual events in his or her early life.

57
Q

Functional Approach

A

Based on the belief in the potential of individuals to determine their own direction

58
Q

Foundation Theories

A

Generalized ideas about the world that provide the basis for practice theories

59
Q

Practice Theories

A

Build on foundation knowledge, making it specific and relevant to the way we practice social work

60
Q

Individual Level Theories

A

Theories that focus on individuals and their interactions

61
Q

Structural-Level Theories

A

Theories that emphasize social structures, processes, and systems and how they shape people’s experiences

62
Q

Functional Theory

A

Introduced in the 1930’s by Jessie Tafta. Based on work of personality psychologist Otto Rank which states that problems come from negative experience and can be overcome using one’s personal power to effect change. Full participation of the client is necessary.

63
Q

Social Work Theory

A

An organized way of thinking about the world that guides the way we practice social work

64
Q

Strengths-Based Social Work

A

Introduced by Dennis Saleeby, Charles Rapp and Anne Weick. People have unique strengths and abilities and the capacity for growth and change. Client and worker collaborate, therapeutic relationship is an empowering space. Avoids pathologizing people.

65
Q

Social Systems Theory

A

Germain and Gittermn use ideas of ecology/biology to develop lift mode guide which is used by generalist social workers since the 1980s. Problems arise when there is a lack of fit between ppl and their surroundings. Society consists of a series of interdependent systems and the individual exists within and is affected by these systems. Strong elements of empathy and reflection

66
Q

Structural Approach

A

Largely Canadian, developed by Maurice Moreau. Focuses on the impact of wider social structures on personal problems, also considers secondary structures and considers all dimensions of personal problems attuned to less visible structural elements. Similar to social systems with a broader analysis.

67
Q

Critical Social Work

A

Similar to structural approach, focus on social structures and personal problems. Concerned with power imbalances that exist between social workers and clients, seeks constructive methods for addressing this. Utilizes empowerment as an overall solution. Unravels societal relations underpinning our personal problems.

68
Q

Feminist Social Work Practice

A

Emerged in 1970s with broader social movements. Social categories shape the way we understand/work with others. Women-centred approach that strives to understand particular experiences of oppression in relationships and the broader society. Consciousness raising, mutual support, valuing diversity, emphasis on women’s lived experiences. Ignoring issues of gender means missing significant aspects of client’s experiences.

69
Q

Anti-Oppressive Practice

A

Many problems caused by oppressive structures of society. Not a single theory, draws on traditions united in the goal of understand and responding to oppressive conditions and relationships in society. Macro and micro relations generate oppression. Every day experiences are shaped by multiple forms of oppression.

70
Q

Anti-Racist Social Work

A

Focuses specifically on how racism affects the lives of people of colour. Addresses racism at structural, organizational, community and individual levels. Calls for deconstruction of the social systems that function because of racial categorization and advocated for equitable reconstruction of these structures.

71
Q

DSM

A

Lists all mental health disorders and criteria for diagnosis

72
Q

Psychodynamic Perspective

A

Diagnostic approaches to social work based on Freud that focus on internal sources for individual problems. Must understand roots of anxieties, use specific techniques to expose the source of the problem and use these insights to resolve the issues which helps ppl manage their anxieties and behaviours. It has a diagnostic approach, internal pathology that began in childhood, rooted in white middle class Western judgment of normal and was critical in shaping much of social work practice theory, though contemporary approaches are more evolved

73
Q

Existentialist Approach

A

Life is meaningless so humans create meaning to guide existence. people are intentional and deliberate in their choices to act and can influence the direction of their lives. Emphasis on choice and self-determination, help ppl make and stick to choices which can help

74
Q

Gestalt Therapy

A

Unified whole is more significant than the sum of its parts. Humans defined by their relationships. “Begin where the client is” - Fritz Perls, psychotherapist. Client worker relationship mimics empowerment - must be equal/respectful/carl rogers

75
Q

Client/Person-Centered Perspective

A

People are experts in their own problems. Rogers, 1950s. Psychotherapist, humanist. People are good, guided by search for meaning in life. Personal growth impeded results in personal problems. Non-judgmental, non-directive approach characterized by mutual respect. Can be vague, inconsistent, vary between workers

76
Q

Rational Emotive Psychotherapy

A

Earliest form of cognitive behaviour approach in social work. Albert Ellis, 1950s, psychologist. How we think, feel and act all interact. Client is active in identifying emotional and practical problems in their own lives and working actively to change them. Client directed approach, alter own perceptions of reality to change beliefs/habits which self-inhibit. More structured/clearer guidelines than person-centered, but ignored social systems/structures

77
Q

Narrative Therapy

A

Views storytelling as an integral part of the way we communicate with one another and make sense of our experiences. Developed in 1980’s by therapists Michael White and David Epston. The way people tell stories reveals how they understand the world and their relationships within it and provides insights into their values, morals and beliefs

78
Q

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

A

Behaviours are learned and shaped by our interpretations of the world, when flawed and inaccurate, these interpretations can lead to maladaptive behaviour. Seeks to understand thought process that brings about these behaviours and patterns which sustain them. Client reinterprets events and reshapes conditions. Shorter-term, goal-oriented approach. Esp. useful for anxiety disorders, phobias, mood disorders

79
Q

Task-Centered Model

A

Short term therapy with measurable outcome and proven effectiveness. People experiencing problems have resources/motivation to resolve them. Particularly good for persistent, ongoing problems like interpersonal/relationship problems or role performance issues. Social workers assess and clarify problems and the desired outcomes, create a list of tasks to be accomplished in order to resolve the problem. Process of engaging as important as outcome, support of the social worker is essential.

80
Q

Integrative approach

A

Uses concepts and methods from various sources, and builds a unified system that fits in the worker.

81
Q

Eclectic Approach

A

Select concepts but do not attempt to unify pieces. Flexible.

82
Q

Dialectical Approach

A

Synthesis or combine opposing approaches within theories. Allows social workers to address all dimensions of a problem/situation in a coherent/reasoned manner

83
Q

Enabler

A

Assists clients in dealing with difficult circumstances

84
Q

Broker

A

Linking people with services

85
Q

Advocate

A

Fights for rights of others

86
Q

Initiator

A

Calls attention to spcial problems

87
Q

Mediator

A

Helps resolve problems between client and system

88
Q

Negotiator

A

Brings people together to resolve conflicts

89
Q

Activist

A

Social advocate for change

90
Q

Educator

A

Teaches about programs and services

91
Q

Integrated Service Delivery

A

Team based and client-focused model. Enables people to access services in one location from a variety of service providers.

92
Q

Code of Ethics

A
  1. Respect for Inherent Dignity and Wort of Persons
  2. Pursuit of Social Justice
  3. Service to Humanity
  4. Integrity of Professional Practice
    5, Confidentiality in Professional Practice
  5. Compentence in Professional Practice
93
Q

Voluntary Clients

A

People who choose to seek services

94
Q

Involuntary Clients

A

People who are legally obligated to accept social services

95
Q

Ambiguity of Social Work

A

By virtue of their close working relationship with clients in a caring context, social workers often must face balancing an urgent and practical intervention that might help remedy a difficult situation with more difficult ethical concerns.

96
Q

In-home Services

A

Provided to help a household or family members live together harmoniously in a secure and safe environment. ex/ family counselling, parenting supports, etc

97
Q

Out of home servives

A

Implemented when the home situation becomes unsuitable for the child. ex/ foster care, community supports, group homes

98
Q

Differential Response

A

An approach to child protection that enables a new flexible intake and assessment model that assesses eligibility for service, safety and risk while allowing greater engagement with families.

99
Q

Alternative Dispute Resolution

A

A streamlining approach to the court process that seeks alternatives to court.

100
Q

Kinship Service

A

Approach to child protection that aims to keep children with immediate and extended family members; placement of children who are not in care of child services with other family members

101
Q

Kinship Care

A

Refers to children in care of extended family members

102
Q

Best Interests Approach

A

Emphasizes the protection and well-being of the child

103
Q

Least Restrictive Approach

A

Emphasizes the least disruptive course of action in child protection, advocating keeping children with their families

104
Q

Child Abuse

A

Betrayal of a caregiver’s position of trust and authority over the child. Neglect, physical, sexual and emotional abuse all encompass forms of child abuse.

105
Q

Risk Assessment

A

Estimate liklihood a child will be maltreated based on careful examination of pertinent data, so that action can be taken to prevent this from happening.

106
Q

Duty to Report

A

Professional obligation to report reasonable suspicions of abuse or neglect to the proper authorities. Failure to report can lead to criminal charges and fines.

107
Q

Aboriginal Peoples

A

Collective term for original inhabitants of Canada

108
Q

Compassion Fatgue

A

Anxiety resulting from dealing with emotionally difficult cases under increased workplace pressure and increased workloads.

109
Q

Colonialism

A

Forced political domination of one ntion over another including administrative, economic and cultural control

110
Q

Indian Agent

A

Administrator of the Indian Act in Aboriginal Communities

111
Q

Indian Act

A

Defined who was considered an “Indian” and exerted governmental control over Aboriginal peoples. Fragmented Aboriginal population into distinct groups, each with different rights, restrictions and obligations

112
Q

Disk List System

A

Government refused to use Inuk names and instead assigned a numbered disk to each Inuk. Huge fail.

113
Q

Residential School Systems

A

Established in mid 1900s by Indian Affairs in conjunction with several Christian churches, through which Aboriginal children were removed from their communities and placed in residential schools

114
Q

Assimilationist Policies

A

Policies of the federal government towards Aboriginal people that attempted to deny and destroy Aboriginal life, culture and society in favour of integrating Canada’s First Nations into the mainstream. These policies were pursued vigorously and viciously in the residential schools

115
Q

Sixties Scoop

A

Massive removal of Aborginal children in the 1960s from their families and placement in non-Aboriginal homes

116
Q

Aboriginal Approach to Practice

A

Distinct Aboriginal World View
Not one single philosophy, can draw upon fundamental differences between non-Aboriginal and Aboriginal world views
The importance of interconnectedness
E.g. beyond “the person in the environment”
Focus on individual and collective responsibility

117
Q

Aboriginal Empowerment

A

Emphasizes the participation of community members in bringing about lasting social change

118
Q

Holistic Approach to healing

A

Examining the whole of a person, addressing the social, cultural, mental and spiritual aspects of well-being

119
Q

Healing lodges

A

Provide residential treatment to people who are overwhelmed by social, emotional and spiritual problems

120
Q

Aboriginal self-government

A

Important in the reaffirmation of Aboriginal rights to land, and formal recognition of rights that already exist and existed prior to European incursions

121
Q

LGBTTQ

A

Lesbian, gay, bi, transgender, transsexual, queer acronym

122
Q

Heterosexual privilege

A

Privilege enjoyed by hetero because they are the part of the “norm”

123
Q

Sex

A

Physical characteristics

124
Q

Gender

A

Emotional identification as male or female

125
Q

Homo/bi/transphobia

A

Irrational fear/dislike/hatred of people who do not comply with gender norms

126
Q

Heterosexism

A

Denigration and stigmatization of behaviours/beliefs etc which are non-heterosexual in nature

127
Q

Sexual Orientation

A

Enduring attraction to one sex or the other

128
Q

Transgendered

A

Identifying with a gender which was not assigned at birth, gender bender

129
Q

Transsexuals

A

Gender identity is at odds with assigned gender from birth. Still considered a mental illness `

130
Q

Intersexuals

A

Internal sex is indeterminate - appear to be male, but genitalia is female etc

131
Q

Sexology

A

Study if sexuality

132
Q

Stonewall Rebellion

A

In NYC in 1969, rebellion of LGBTTQ

133
Q

Social Constructionism

A

In relation to sexual attraction, this approach considers socio-cultural experience as the source for construction of homosexual identity and role. Gave rise to perspectives of choice and lifestyles, innate deterministic understanding of sexual orientation as advanced by essentialist perpective

134
Q

Biological determinism

A

Every aspect of an individuals personalities behaviour and attitude is determined by genes. Theory minimizes and discounts the role of environmental factors within human development. In regards to sexuality, this thoery explains sexual behaviours and preferences in therms of biology and thereby focuses on the organic causes of not-conventional sexual identities and behaviours

135
Q

Coming out

A

Making one’s identity as LGBTTQ known to family/friends etc

136
Q

Cissexual

A

Non-trans people who have no gender identity issues and perform gender roles as mandated by society.

Psychology 1001 (2 decks)

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