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2022-23 > Social Studies- Semester 2 > Flashcards

Social Studies- Semester 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Different aspects of Rome’s geography

A

Peninsulas, mountains, hills

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2
Q

How did the greeks influence rome’s culture

A

Etruscans were of greek origins

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3
Q

Greek people who settled in northern italy and had an influence on rome’s culture

A

Etruscans

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4
Q

Two types of rule of Ancient Rome

A

Empire and Republic

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5
Q

Social classes of rome

A

Patricians and Plebians

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6
Q

Chief executive officers of the roman republic

A

consuls

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7
Q

Part of roman government that made laws, how many were a part of it and for how long?

A

Senate; 300 members; served for life

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8
Q

what was created that gave plebians representation in the government?

A

council

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9
Q

How many plebian representatives were there? What were they called?

A

Tribunes, there were 10

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10
Q

First code of laws in Rome

A

Twelve Tables

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11
Q

Principles in both the Roman and U.S. law

A
  • innocent until proven guilty
  • accused allowed to defend themselves before a judge
  • right to face your accuser
  • guilt must be proven beyond reasonable doubt
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12
Q

who were the punic wars between? how many and who won them?

A

Rome vs. Carthage, Rome won all three

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13
Q

What did rome get territorially as a result of victory in the first punic war

A

Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia

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14
Q

Carthaginian leader during the second punic war? What happened with him?

A

Hannibal- he marched trhough the alps and invaded rome with his army and elephants. He couldn’t capture rome and eventually was defeated.

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15
Q

What was the cause for the third punic war, and what was the outcome?

A

Rome wanted to destroy carthage and did so

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16
Q

Three factors that led to the end of the republic

A
  • greed
  • political and social unrest
  • civil wars between generals and legions
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17
Q

Tribunes who were murdered by trying to give land to plebians

A

Gaius and Gracchus

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18
Q

General who began to recruit volunteers by promising land for their service

A

General Marius

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19
Q

How did generals promising land lead to division in rome?

A

Soldiers became loyal to their general instead of rome itself

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20
Q

What’s meant by a triumvirate

A

rule by three

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21
Q

Three rulers who made up the first triumvirate

A

Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar

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22
Q

What general emerged from the first triumvirate and proclaimed himself first roman dictator

A

Julius Caesar

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23
Q

How and why was Julius Caesar killed?

A

after he proclaimed himself dictator, he created enemies in the senate and was stabbed by each member. (ides of march)

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24
Q

Three rulers who made up the second triumvirate

A

Octavius Augustus, Markus Lepidus, and Mark Antony

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25
Q

What ruler of the second triumvirate became the first emperor of rome?

A

Octavius Augustus

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26
Q

What emperor ordered the persecutions of the christians

A

Nero

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27
Q

What was the Pax Romana, who did it start and end with?

A

200 years of peace began with Octavius Augustus and ended with Marcus Aurelius

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28
Q

First emperor who ended christian persecutions

A

Constantine

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29
Q

Which emperor issued the Edict of Milan, and what did it do?

A

Theodosius. It created religious tolerance in rome.

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30
Q

What did Diocletian do to rule over the large roman empire?

A

Divided it into four units, each unit had a separate leader.

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31
Q

used to carry water to the people of rome

A

aqueducts

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32
Q

What were the twelve tables replaced by?

A

The Law of Nations

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33
Q

what were roman military units called

A

legions

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34
Q

what disasters were christians blamed for?

A

the burning of rome

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35
Q

philosophical and intellectual advancement in rome

A

age of enlightenment

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36
Q

what invaders contributed to the fall of rome

A

the franks

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37
Q

important roman poet/ writer

A

virgil

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38
Q

famous roman epic story

A

aeneid

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39
Q

in the feudal system, who controlled the land for the king

A

nobles

40
Q

who fought for the nobles in return for land

A

vassals

41
Q

who dominated the calvary and had great social prestige?

A

knights

42
Q

name given to the land vassals received

A

fiefs

43
Q

a knight began training as early as…

A

age 7

44
Q

code of conduct for knights

A

chivalry

45
Q

fief given to a duke

A

duchy

46
Q

fief given to a countess

A

county

47
Q

another name for the bubonic plague

A

black death

48
Q

how did the bubonic plague spread?

A

fleas on rats

49
Q

how many people died because of the black death?

A

25-30 million

50
Q

first european country to experience the black plague

A

italy

51
Q

worst years of the black plague

A

1347-1352

52
Q

why was the feudal system created?

A

invasions of foreign forces

53
Q

what was a lasting effect on europe as a result of the crusades

A

trade between europe and the east increased

54
Q

the crusades began soon after the Seljuk Turks threatened which christian nation?

A

Byzantine Empire

55
Q

How did the black death spread?

A

It spread from the mediterranean to northern europe

56
Q

what was an effect the crusades had on muslim kingdoms

A

it united them in defense against the crusaders

57
Q

the first crusade had the goal of capturing…

A

jerusalem

58
Q

who called on christian warriors to fight against the muslims to reclaim the holy land

A

pope urban II

59
Q

the crusades exposed western europeans to ideas and discoveries of the muslim world, which resulted in…

A

an increase in european education and thought

60
Q

king of england and undertook the third crusade

A

richard the lionheart

61
Q

effect of the plague

A

surviving peasants gained more economic power

62
Q

what happened during the second crusade

A

christians weren’t successful in liberating areas under muslim control

63
Q

result of the investiture controversy

A

the weakening and eventual break up of germany

64
Q

what was the investiture controversy over?

A

who could appoint church officers, the emperor or the pope

65
Q

who was pope during the investiture controversy

A

gregory VII

66
Q

what laws did the spanish government pass during the reconquista

A

all muslims and jews in spain had to convert to catholicism or leave spain

67
Q

who was st. thomas aquinas

A

a philosopher and theologian

68
Q

who was the great schism between?

A

roman catholic church and eastern orthodox church

69
Q

what three religions lay claim to jerusalem

A

islam, judaism, and christianity

70
Q

what was the perspective on european crusaders from the arab muslims

A

they looked at them as barbarian invaders

71
Q

why did pope urban II most likely help the byzantines?

A

to increase his political power and authority as pope

72
Q

top two nations during the age of exploration

A

spain and portugal

73
Q

major obstacles during exploration

A

inaccurate maps, storms, illnesses

74
Q

highly desired product during the age of exploration

A

spices

75
Q

what were some motivations to explore

A

gain new lands, spread religion, trade

76
Q

what islands were called the spice islands

A

the moluccas islands

77
Q

what interesting countries joined in on exploration

A

netherlands

78
Q

map making experts

A

cartographers

79
Q

what did the line of demarcation do?

A

set a territory border for spain and portugal to claim for themselves

80
Q

what means by circumnavigate

A

to sail all the way around the world

81
Q

first explorer to sail around the world

A

ferdinand magellan

82
Q

triangle of trade

A

trade between north america, africa, and the caribbean

83
Q

african slave trade

A

trade of slaves to the americas. they needed a cheap labor source and to sustain the labor force.

84
Q

large farm estates in the south

A

plantations

85
Q

middle passage

A

the terrible voyage african americans made on ships heading to america

86
Q

merchantilism

A

where colonies produce raw materials and the parent nations turn it into finished goods.

87
Q

columbian exchange

A

trade between north/ south america and europe. included crop exchange and the introduction of new animal species to each region.

88
Q

motives for european exploration

A
  • spices
  • new territory
  • religion
  • trade
89
Q

obstacles early explorers faced

A
  • storms
  • illness
  • food and water preservation
  • inaccurate maps
  • lack of communication
90
Q

european countries that were leaders of exploration

A

portugal and spain

91
Q

why did europeans want access to spices

A

they couldn’t grow spices with the climate differences. they wanted spices for the flavor, preservatives, perfume, and for medicinal purposes

92
Q

why did people desire sea routes over land routes

A

land routes were expensive, long, and dangerous

93
Q

who became known as the “navigator”

A

prince henry (he encouraged others to explore the unknowns of the world and heled sponsor and fund expeditions.

94
Q

cape of good hope

A

major trading post in southern africa

95
Q

who was the first explorer to round the cape of good hope

A

bartholomeu dias

96
Q

who was the first explorer to pass the cape of good hope and continue to india?

A

vasco da gama

97
Q

who realized columbus discovered a new continent?

A

amerigo vespucci

2022-23 (6 decks)

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