social studies mod 8 & 9 (Audrey b) Flashcards
war of 1812 & nationalism
why was Britain stopping US ships in the early 1800s?
Britain & France were both trying to prevent the US from supporting the other. the British captured ships looking for war supplies & runaway soldiers, sometimes taking US sailors to fight for them (impressment)
define impressment
the practice of kidnapping & forcing people to serve in the army or navy
define embargo
banning of trade
what was the tipping point with Britain before the Embargo Act?
Britain began targeting US Navy ships incl the Chesapeake which violated US neutrality.
what were the effects of the Embargo Act?
- banned trade with all foreign countries
- devastated US merchants but didn’t affect Britain at all
- New England had many ports and was hit the hardest
what issues was the US having with Native Americans who hadn’t agreed to the treaty of Greenville?
the native Americans were fighting off Western settlers and were being armed by the British
who was Tecumseh?
a Shawnee chief who was a brilliant speaker and urged native Americans to unite against white settlers. helped by his brother “The Prophet”. founded village of Prophetstown.
who led US troops against Tecumseh?
governor of Indiana Territory William Henry Harrison
in which battle did William Henry Harrison defeat Tecumseh in Prophetstown?
Battle of Tippecanoe
What were war hawks? who were two prominent ones?
who didn’t want war and why?
war hawks were members of Congress who were ready for war with Britain over their support of Tecumseh. Included Henry Clay & John C Calhoun
NE Feds didn’t want war because friendly trade with Britatin was beneficial for the economy. they also felt that the US wasn’t strong enough to start a war.
who is elected in 1808 & 1812?
what begins during this presidency?
James Madison
The war of 1812
Battle of Lake Erie
who led? who won?
led by Oliver Hazard Perry
US victory
Battle of the Thames River
who led? who won?
led by General Henry Harrison
US victory
what did the British due in retaliation to early US victories in the war of 1812?
blockaded US ports
what major events happened at the Canadian border during the war of 1812?
- Fort Detroit
- Battle of Lake Erie
- Battle of the Thames River
- Death of Tecumseh
what happened to Tecumseh after the battle of Tippecanoe?
he fled to Canada (british control)
why did Tecumseh’s death hurt the British?
they lost the assistance of the united native american tribes
what happened at Fort Detroit?
US loss; American troops refuse to cross the border saying hat they didn’t have to fight in a foreign country
what happened during the creek war?
- creek indians start attacking US settlers in florida
- Battle of Horseshoe Bend
- Treat of Fort Jackson
Battle of Horseshoe Bend
Andrew Jackson leads volunteers to defeat the creek indians
Treaty of Fort Jackson
Creek Indians give up lots of land
What happened in the East during the war of 1812?
- British go on offense in DC – Madision flles & White House, Capitol Building, etc. on fire
- US holds British until retreat at Fort McHenry
Battle of New Orleans
- british try to control mississippi
- andrew jackson leads his random group against brits
- us is outnumbered but catches brits in open field - sitting ducks
- last major conflict of WO1812 & AJ becomes war hero
which groups made up Andrew Jackson’s ragtag group in Battle of New Orleans?
- regular soldiers
- free African Americans
- choctaw indians
- pirates
what happened at the Hartford convention? what was the main effect?
federalists secretly meet with Congress to try & end the war, but the war immediately ends and they look silly
federalist party power starts to decline
what treaty ends the war of 1812?
where was it signed?
Treaty of Ghent
belgium
what were 3 effects of the war of 1812?
- Patriotism rises
- broke apart alliances between NA tribes
- US manufacturing increases without British alliance
what was the main issue with Britain immediately after war of 1812?
ships in the great lakes were seen as a threat
who is elected in 1816?
James Monroe
Rush Bagot Agreement
- one military ship & one cannon each on Ontario & Champlain
- two ships on other lakes
main effect was demilitarizing the border between US & Canada
Convention of 1818
- sets US / Canada border at 49 degrees latitude until rocky mountains
- fishing rights on Newfoundland & Laborador coasts
- British & US share Oregon territory for valuable fur trade
what does Andrew Jackson do in Florida against the Seminole Indians?
- indians are fighting settlers and americans are looking for runaway slaves
- Jackson leads his troops against the seminoles without approval
- begins attacking spanish forts and spain protests & US makes jackson return to forts
what was the effect of Andrew Jackson’s unauthorized attacks in florida?
spain’s weakness in florida is revealed
Luis Onis Treaty
John Quincy Adams (sos) & Luis de Onis
settles spain / US border, basically trades texas for florida
define nationalism
a feeling of pride and loyalty to a nation; that the interests of the nation as a whole are more important than regional intrests or intrests of other countries
what was the era of good feelings?
during Monroe’s presidency: economy grows & nationalism spreads
who was Simon Bolivar?
a revolutionary fighter who led struggles for independence for spanish colonies in central/south america
what was monroe concerned about after mexico broke free from spain?
monroe was concerned that rival european countries might try to take control of newly independent latin american countries
Monroe Docterine
what does this make the US?
what was this the first step to?
- US would not interfere in affairs of European nations
- US would recognize and not interfere with existing european colonies in the americas
- the Western hemisphere is now off limits to further colonization by any further power
- the US would consider any European power’s attempt to colonize or interfere with the Western Hemisphere nations as a hostile act
protector of the Americas
becoming a world power
who is Henry Clay? What did he develop?
speeaker of the house from Kentucky
the American system
the american system
- establish a protective tariff on imported goods to promote US goods
- reestablish the national bank to promote a single currency and make trade easier
- improve the country’s transportation system by building more roads & canals
a series of measures by Henry Clay to make the US economy self sufficien
The Cumberland Road
first national road running from Cumberland, Maryland to Wheeling, WV
The National Road
the extension of the cumberland road all the way to Columbus OH & Illinois (became I70)
The Erie Canal
created a waterway in NY between Albany & Buffalo which connected the Hudson River with Lake Erie – reduced travel time & cost by 14 days & $90 a ton
list the three major transportation routes created for the american system
- Cumberland road
- national road
- erie canal
why were most major roads and canals built in the north?
the roads and canals were used to transport goods for trade, which was prominent in the north while the south was still very focused on agriculture
the two major cases during Chief Justice John Marshall’s judgeship
list & explain
McCulloch v Maryland – asserted congress’s implied powers allowing, for example, the creation of the national bank
Gibbons v Ogden – states cannot interfere with Congress’s right to regulate interstate congress
what was the problem with Missouri?
Missouri wanted to join the Union as a slave state, but that would tip the even balance of the senate in favor of the slave states (it was 11 to 11)
sectionalism
loyalty to the interests of one region over the interests of the country as a whole
the Missouri Compromise
who came up with it?
- Missouri joins the union as a slave state
- Maine is added as a free state to stay even
- any states formed above Missouri’s southern border will be free states & slave states below
Henry Clay
what happened in the election of 1824?
John Quincy Adams v Andrew Jackson
Jackson wins popular vote but loses electoral college, so House votes and chooses Adams
conspiracy theory arises that Adams bribed Henry Clay (SOH) with secretary of state position in exchange for winning the presidency – nothing was ever proven but weakened the popularity of Adam’s presidency
Washington Irving
an american author who wrote historical satire
sleepy hollow, rip van winkle
James Fenimore Cooper
an author who wrote about the west & Native Americans - mainly historical fiction
the Last of the Mohicans (french and indian war)
Hudson River School
where artists went to study; specialized in landscapes to show their nationalism and pride
who founded the Hudson River School?
Thomas Cole
what 4 major things changed in US society in the mid 1800s?
- spiritual revivalism through music and religion
- Jefferson encouraged greek & roman architecture
- Noah Webster created his dictionary
- Public schools grow to educate voters
greek and roman architecture because the democratic & republic ideas fro
In which battle did tecumseh flee and to where?
Battle of the Thames River; fled to Canada
