Social Studies II Flashcards
1
Q
What was the make up of the Articles of Confederation?
A
The 13 original Colonies
2
Q
What pre-Columbian civilization was located in the lowlands of south-central Mexico and is known for having carved large stone heads?
A
Olmecs
3
Q
What are financial contracts based upon the value of underlying assets?
A
Derivatives
4
Q
According to what writing is the mechanism for injecting money into the economy not very important in the long run?
A
Quantity Theory of Money
5
Q
What author did Thomas Jefferson refer to in writing the Declaration of Independence changing only one concept from “…Property…” to the “Pursuit of Happiness”.
A
John Locke the English Philosopher Physician
6
Q
Who was the very first women’s rights advocate and pressured her husband to grant women equal (governmental) status as men?
A
Abigail Adams
7
Q
What happens to a government that has a strong economy but has a large emigration, violent crime and civil disobedience?
A
The government is severely weakened
8
Q
Who was the longest reigning female Pharaoh in Egypt and how long did she reign?
A
Hatshepsut; 20 years in 14th century BC
9
Q
Who was married to Louis VII (1) France and Henry II (2) of England?
A
Eleanor of Aquitane
10
Q
Who were some of the first Abolitionist in American History?
A
Mennonites in 1688 (Pennsylvania)
11
Q
“The final cause, end or design of men, (who naturally love liberty, and dominion over others), in the introduction of that restraint upon themselves, (in which we see them live in common-wealth’s), is the foresight of their own preservation, and of a more contented life thereby; that is to say of getting themselves out from that miserable condition of War, which is necessarily consequent (as hath been shown) to the natural passions of men, when there is no visible power to keep them in awe, and tie them by fear of punishment to the performance of their covenants, and observations of these laws of nature set down in [previous] chapters.” is found where?
A
Chapter 17 of Thomas Hobbe’s “Leviathan”
12
Q
Caesaropapism makes the ruler of the country in charge of ________ and _______.
A
government; religion
13
Q
(T or F) It is less profitable to borrow money during a period of inflation.
A
False, it is more profitable
14
Q
What one of the colonies was not taken from the Dutch?
A
Connecticut
15
Q
Which ancient civilization invented the wheel?
A
Mesopotamian
16
Q
A Demographic transition economy model shift is illustrated by what?
A
An Agricultural changing to Industrial economy
17
Q
What result did the Adams-Onis treaty of 1819 have?
A
ceded Florida to the United States however Texas remained under Spanish Control
18
Q
The process of learning a different culture from your own is called?
A
Acculturation
19
Q
The natural process of learning the ones culture of your natural birth is called?
A
Encultration
20
Q
The Volga River originates and flows through what country into the Caspian Sea?
A
Russia
21
Q
What peninsula does the Tagus River flow through before emptying in the Atlantic Ocean?
A
Iberian, flowing through both Spain and Portugal
22
Q
Which is the longest in Europe the Volga or the Tagus?
A
The Volga
23
Q
The Ebro River flows to the east of what country and empties into which body of water (sea or ocean)?
A
Spain and it empties into the Mediterranean Sea.
24
Q
The Volta flows out of the Western African nation of Ghana into what ocean?
A
South Atlantic
25
What process is used to calculate Real Process, income distribution process and monetary process.
Productivity model
26
What gave the Europeans a distinct advantage over the inhabitants of the Americas?
Due to their loud noise the firearms the Europeans carried.
27
What is a stronger bond a primary group or a secondary and why is that?
Primary group because of familial bonds that are created. Secondary are largely based on temporary contact.
28
What happens when the leader of one country refuses to see the more demand of another foreign country?
A fixed exchange rate is created.
29
A massive floating body of ice broken away from a glacier. Only about 10 percent of its mass is above the surface of the water.
Iceberg
30
What is the definition of a sea (in the strictest sense of the word)?
A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land
31
A land mass of any size that is pointed out in the ocean or a sea is called a....?
Cape
32
What is the definition of a forest?
A growth of trees and other plants covering a large area.
33
A body of water partially enclosed by land but with a wide mouth, affording access to the sea
Bay
34
An extent or an area of land where surface water from rain, melting snow, or ice converges to a single point at a lower elevation,
Basin
35
A large body of water surrounded by land.
Definition of a lake
36
What is the expense limit that needs to be reported to the Federal Election Commission if it pertains to a Presidential Election?
$250
37
What is a psychological paradigm that specifically addresses repression, sexuality and the unconscious mind?
Psychoanalysis
38
What subjects are taboo that psychoanalysis deals with?
Sexuality and repression
39
Horses were domesticated in __________ and were not introduced to the rest of the known world as a work animal until later than -,--- BC.
Kazakhstan, 3,000
40
What does accounting profit only consider?
the cost and the revenue... if a product costs $10.00 but sells for $20.00, $10 is considered to be accounting Profit.
41
What term best defines the formation of zones of temperature and moisture gradients?
Frontogenesis
42
When a serf pledged his liege to his lord what did that mean?
The bond was created and the serf had to fulfill his overlords needs and vice versa.
43
What kind of countries are those that have more of a service economy?
Dominant ones
44
Those countries that have more of an agricultural economy are the _____ countries.
smaller
45
Which has a much wider range of applications Physical measures or fixed-price measures?
Fixed-price measures
46
Which are best suited for narrow-focused measurements with neither quality nor value alterations, fixed-price or physical measures?
Physical measures
47
Which are best suited for narrow-focused measurements with neither quality nor value alterations, fixed-price or physical measures?
Physical measures
48
What psychological paradigm focuses holistically on positive growth rather than on pathology?
The Humanistic paradigm
49
What amendment of the Bill of Rights is not really that important to modern America but was of utmost importance when it was written?
Amendment 3, military are either housed in base housing or they have the opportunity to either rent or purchase a house near their place of duty.
50
The exclusive right to have control over an area of governance people or oneself is a good definition for what?
Sovereignty
51
Which part of the worlds religions were ashes spread in a circle around the child, the first animal to cross the ashes was considered to be the child's protectorate or Nagual.
Mesoamerican religions
52
What type of international relations focuses on state security and power above all else?
Realism international relations
53
The addition of some illustrations by the scribes to books before the Gutenberg printing press was called?
illuminating
54
Who was the older daughter and heir to the English throne of Henry the VIII? Mary or Elizabeth?
Mary
55
Why did Elizabeth I become Queen of England in 1558 when Mary was older than she was?
Mary Died at age 42 after a false pregnancy, Speculation is that she had ovarian cancer or some other female problem.
56
What is an economy in which Governments and markets share economic responsibilities?
mixed economy
57
"Hence it is evident that absolute monarchy, which by some men is regarded as the only government in the world, is indeed inconsistent with civil society so can no form of civil government at all. For the end of civil society being to avoid and remedy those inconveniences of the state of nature, which necessarily follow from every man being judge in his own case, by setting up a known authority, to which every one of the society may appeal upon any injury received, or controversy that may arise, and which every one of the society ought to obey. Wherever any persons are who have not such an authority to, for the decision of any difference between them, there are those persons still in the state of nature. So is every absolute prince, in respect of those who are under his dominion." is a quote from whom?
John Locke's Second Treatise of Government
58
What Chinese custom started during the T'ang Dynasty in 618 AD and increased and became more widespread during the Song Dynasty 960-1297 AD?
Footbinding
59
Is money real capital?
No
60
What is real capital?
Machines, Factories, and goods
61
What is a planned, regulated and usually based on some form of custom or guideline. Missing this would be noticed.
Regulated social interaction
62
What is a major depressive disorder in which a normally pleasurable activity is not enjoyed?
Anhedonia
63
Who is the Chief ambassador for the United States?
President
64
What kind of government is usually a dictatorship with other "branches" just for show and do not have any real other purpose?
Unitary Government in which only one Branch of Government is really in power.
65
Federal employees were put on a 8 hour workday starting in what year?
1868
66
What is the location of the Council of the European Union (which is roughly the equivalent of the United States Senate).
Brussels Belgium
67
What did the Niagara Movement become?
NAACP
68
Even though they look like perfect competition Restaurants, cereal, clothing, shoes, and service industries in large cities are actually what?
Monopolistic Competition
69
What is the term of the first day of selling stock for a newly formed company?
Flotation
70
A well-defined natural elevation smaller than a mountain.
Hill
71
An elongated lowland between ranges of mountains, hills, or other uplands ...
Valley
72
What is the definition of a Prairie?
An extensive flat or rolling area dominated by grasses, especially the grasslands that once covered much of central North America.
73
What is the main difference between Prairie and Plain?
Plain is mostly level without rolling much with very few trees
74
Define Waterfall
A steep descent of water from a height; a cascade
75
A dense evergreen forest with a minimum annual rainfall of approximately 180 centimeters (71 inches). Rainforests are found chiefly in the tropics but also occur in temperate regions, where the rainfall amount is somewhat lower.
Rainforest
76
Define jungle
1. Land covered with a dense growth of tropical vegetation.
| 2. A dense thicket or growth.
77
1. An area of low-lying land that is frequently flooded, especially one dominated by woody plants.
2. A lowland region saturated with water.
Swamp
78
The shore of a body of water, especially when sandy or pebbly.
Beach
79
What is the difference between a sound and a bay?
A sound is larger and is surrounded by land, examples in the US are: Long Island Sound and Puget Sound
80
What is the main difference between a Marsh and a Swamp?
A marsh is filled usually with herbaceous vegetation and not woody vegetation
81
A narrow strip of land connecting two larger masses of land.
Isthmus
82
A piece of land that juts out from a larger land mass and is mostly surrounded by water.
Peninsula
83
Define or give examples of Oceans
1. The entire body of salt water that covers more than 70 percent of the earth's surface.
2. Any of the principal divisions of the ocean, including the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern Oceans.
84
Define or give examples of Oceans
1. The entire body of salt water that covers more than 70 percent of the earth's surface.
2. Any of the principal divisions of the ocean, including the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern Oceans.
85
1. The deeper part of a river or harbor, especially a deep navigable passage.
2. A broad strait, especially one that connects two seas.
Channel
86
What is the difference between a Channel and a Lagoon?
A lagoon is a shallow body of water, especially one separated from a sea by sandbars or coral reefs. A Channel is deep enough for a large ship to pass.
87
An island or chain of islets connected by a coral reef that nearly or entirely encloses a lagoon.
Atoll
88
What is an Archipelago give two good examples?
1. A large group of islands. the Philippine archipelago.
| 2. A sea, such as the Aegean, containing a large number of scattered islands.
89
What is an Island give a couple of examples?
A landmass, especially one smaller than a continent, entirely surrounded by water. Hawaii Islands, Cuba, Puerto Rico
90
What is a cliff?
A high, steep, or overhanging face of rock
91
What is the definition of Coast and give at least one example
Land next to the sea; the seashore The Eastern Coast(line).
92
What is a strait and what are some rather difficult ones?
A narrow channel joining two larger bodies of water. straits that were treacherous; the Strait of Gibraltar; the Bosporus Straits, Bering Strait.
93
A long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between steep slopes.
Fjord
94
A natural elevation of the earth's surface having considerable mass, generally steep sides, and a height greater than that of a hill.
Mountain
95
A natural elevation of the earth's surface having considerable mass, generally steep sides, and a height greater than that of a hill.
Mountain
96
What is a Geyser?
A natural hot spring that intermittently ejects a column of water and steam into the air.
97
What is an Oasis?
A fertile or green area in a desert or wasteland, made so by the presence of water.
98
1. A barren or desolate area, especially.
2. A dry, often sandy region of little rainfall, extreme temperatures, and sparse vegetation.
3. A region of permanent cold that is largely or entirely devoid of life. What are
Desert
99
A broad, flat-topped elevation with one or more clifflike sides, common in the southwest United States.
Mesa
100
What is a Dune?
A hill or ridge of wind-blown sand.
101
A large area of a sea or ocean partially enclosed by land, especially a long landlocked portion of sea opening through a strait.
A Gulf
102
What is a Delta?
A usually triangular alluvial deposit at the mouth of a river.
A similar deposit at the mouth of a tidal inlet, caused by tidal currents.
103
A narrow chasm with steep cliff walls, cut into the earth by running water; a gorge.
A Canyon
104
A Plateau would be, best described as?
An elevated, comparatively level expanse of land; a tableland.
105
What is the biggest difference between a Butte and a Mesa?
Size, Buttes are hills with steep to vertical sides with a small flat or level top.
106
1. A treeless area beyond the timberline in high-latitude regions, having a permanently frozen subsoil and supporting low-growing vegetation such as lichens, mosses, and shrubs.
2. A similar area found at high elevations.
Tundra
107
What constitutes a Glacier?
A huge mass of ice slowly flowing over a landmass, formed from compacted snow in an area where snow accumulation has exceeded melting and sublimation.
108
1. An opening in the earth's crust from which lava, ash, and hot gases flow or are ejected during an eruption.
2. A similar opening on the surface of another celestial object.
3. A usually cone-shaped mountain formed from the materials issuing from such an opening. These definition all refer to what somewhat common geologic land-form?
Volcano
109
A hollow or natural passage under or into the earth, especially one with an opening to the surface.
Cave
110
Utility of a product means what is happening to the consumer?
Total Satisfaction with product (They are Happy with the product)
111
The first gold minted coins were utilized by what country?
Lydia
112
Other than surnames (last names) what else did William the Conqueror's "Doomsday Book" contain?
What the people owned
113
In the economy of Georgism what is allowed to be owned and what is not allowed to be owned?
What they create; cannot own anything in nature (including land)
114
The Fair Labor Standards Act signed by Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1938 did what?
Regulated child labor in the United States
115
What amendment forms the basis of incorporation (citizenship)?
14th
116
What one compromise that was decided in the Constitutional Convention did the 14th amendment do away with?
The 3/5ths compromise
117
What part of the modern world was ruled by both Alexander the Great and Genghis Khan's son, Chagatai (at separate times)?
Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, in ancient times it was Transoxiana.
118
What was used to arrest and charge Matthew Lyon of Vermont of Sedition that was an overstep of the Federalist?
The Alien and Sedition Act
119
What did Matthew Lyon of Vermont say that caused his arrest and imprisonment under The Alien and Sedition Act?
the Representative criticized then President Adams on his "...unbounded thirst ridiculous pomp, foolish adulation and selfish avarice."
120
What speeds the biological response earlier that it would normally occur in Pavlovian Conditioning?
conditioning
121
What does Pavlovian Conditioning always anticipate?
Biological response
122
Is allocation of resources covered in microeconomics or macroeconomics?
microeconomics
123
Ethnic religions are so called because of what reason?
They are almost exclusive to a certain ethnicity or nation such as Hinduism is to India.
124
What is needed for operant conditioning (such as learning language as a child)?
positive reinforcement such as hugs, smiles, and food or negative reinforcements such as frowns or criticism.
125
Where does a Riparian ecosystem occur what is it consistent with?
Along rivers and it is consistent with water-based ecosystems
126
The Puritan Theologian Roger Williams was one of the first to propose what?
Separation of Church and State (also was the first to call for abolition of slavery in the Colonies)
127
Who tried to blow up Parliament attempting to return England to Catholicism?
Guy Fawkes
128
What is the main difference between the northern climates and the southern climates in relation to the continents?
Northern climate is mainly affected by Continental Climates while continents like South America, Africa, Australia are not.
129
What Act or acts did Prime Minister George Grenville responsible for on the colonies?
First Quartering Act, Sugar Act, Stamp Act
130
Prime Minister Charles Watson-Wentworth passed what act that repealed the Stamp Act?
Declaratory Act
131
A map that shows the globe as if it had been peeled like an orange is called what kind of map?
Goode Map named after John Paul Goode.
132
Maximum total price a consumer is willing to pay-the actual total price= ?
individual consumer surplus
133
What are costs called like utilities, rent, and loans (including interest) that must be paid no matter what the status of the firm?
Fixed Costs
134
Who went to war in the Beaver Wars?
French and the Iroquois nation
135
What were the years of the French and Iroquois War (Beaver Wars)?
1628-1698
136
What nations supported the Iroquois against the French?
England and Dutch
137
What nation(s) were allied with the Huron, Erie, Neutral, Odawa, Ojibwe, Mississaugas, Potawatomi, Algonquin, Shawnee, Wenro, Mahican, Inuu, Abenaki, Miami, Illinois Confederation?
France
138
How many votes does a voter get in a plurality system of voting for candidates?
One vote per voter for a candidate, the candidate that has the most votes wins.
139
What two political philosophers laid the crucial foundation for Realism political ideology?
Machiavelli and Hobbes
140
Which two founding fathers served in the First Continental Congress, the Second CC, and the Constitutional Congress and were ardent supporters of Constitution after it had been written?
Ben Franklin and George Washington
141
What was passed allowing employees the right to not have to join a labor union as well as some other rights?
Taft-Hartley Act, Labor-Management Relations Act
142
What was the nickname given to the first members of the Federal reserves?
Greenbackers
143
Which state hated the "Tariff of Abominations" so much that it attempted to have it nullified (the actual name of this was The Tariff of 1828)?
South Carolina
144
"The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants. It is its natural manure." (fertilizer) is attributed to who and in reference to what?
Thomas Jefferson; The American Revolution
145
Limiting the right to assemble, installing a British General as Gov. of Mass., and closing Boston Harbor was the main points of which much maligned Acts to the Colonies by the British?
Intolerable Acts
146
What did the Stamp Act tax?
Paper
147
Since Western European powers desperately wanted to find a quicker and less dangerous trade route to the far east it led to what major world changing event in the 1400's?
Christopher Columbus voyage to the new world (which he mistook for the East Indies)
148
What was wrong with the previous routes to the Far East?
The overland routes were curtailed by the spread of Islam
149
Freedom of Trade with France, Stopping and searching of ships and pressing American Sailors into serving in the British Navy, supplying Indians with Arms to stop Western expansion. What effect did the above have on American/British relations?
Led to the War of 1812
150
The Act of Supremacy was passed by what nation and what did it do?
Passed by England and it made King Henry the VIII the supreme head of the Church of England.
151
What famous philosopher did Thomas Hobbes expand on in his work "Theory of the Social Contract"?
What Plato had surmised
152
At two years of age what does Freud say that stage is?
Anal
153
At two years of age what does Erickson task pair (compared with Freud's "Anal Stage")
autonomy/shame
154
What was a distinct advantage that the colonies had over the British during the Revolutionary War?
No central Government, no matter what city the British captured it never captured the capital.
155
What led to the French siding with the American colonies in the Revolutionary War?
The winning of the Battle of Saratoga by George Washington over Burgoyne's Army
156
Lincoln Steffens wrote a collection of journalistic investigations into police and government corruption in cities, what was this collection called?
"The Shame of the Cities"
157
What amendment was first taken up by the Supreme Court in the Slaughter-House case of 1873?
14th Amendment
158
What is a long term, experiential immersion into the area of research, and is a significant method of study for anthropologist?
Participant-Observation
159
What refers to the interest rate that the Federal Reserve places on loans to commercial banks?
Discount Rate
160
What Framework predicts that countries will fully specialize instead of produce a broad array of goods?
The Ricardian (Model) Framework
161
The French word or phrase for "allow to do" or "to leave alone" is?
Laissez faire
162
In Mao Zedong's Cultural Revolution in the late 1960's what decreased?
Military Power
163
In a Parliamentary system of government what is needed to remove a Prime Minister from office?
A "no confidence" vote
164
What can be reduced a little by decreasing production?
Variable Costs
165
What is the term that describes taking a nation from a Capitalist to communist style of Governement?
Leninism, named after Russian Vladimir Lenin the first one to do so.
166
What is the highest Lake in the world, where is it located, and what is its approximate elevation?
Lake Titicaca, between the nations of Peru and Bolivia in the Andes Mountains at an elevation of 12,507 feet
167
What are wide, level valleys that store excess water when a river floods?
Floodplains
168
What is used to locate absolute locations on a map?
Longtitude and Latitude lines
169
Which is fartherest from the equator: Kampala, Singapore, Kinshasa, or Belem?
Kinshasa
170
What crucial western victory gave a huge advantage to the North during the Civil War?
Battle of Vicksburg, Mississippi. Gave the North control of that vital River.
171
Is studying mental processes in the context of sciences a purpose of psychology or sociology?
Psychology
172
"The self-fulfilling prophecy, is in the beginning, a false definition of the situation evoking a new behavior which makes the original false conception come 'true'... For the prophet will cite the actual course of events as proof that he was right from the beginning." is attributed to this author of "Social Theory and Social Structure", 1968.
Robert K. Merton
173
How many times did Rome and Carthage fight the Punic Wars (How many Punic Wars were there)?
Three. Rome finally defeated Carthage burned it and then salted the ground to ensure that Carthage would never be a threat again.
174
What is needed for an accurate Information asymmetry model?
at least one party to a transaction have relevant and more information then the other party.
175
What were the staging areas for the Portuguese slave trade of the 16th Century. In 1975 they gained their independence and became a democratic republic.
Sao Tome and Principe, Located off the cost of Gabon Africa in the South Atlantic
176
What case established that State action may not impede valid exercise of power by the federal government?
McCulloch v. Maryland
177
What is the term that describes the use of credit and debit cards for the exchange of money?
Virtual Money
178
During the Han Dynasty the social structure was: High:_____--Land owning farmers--_____ : Low
Scholars; Merchants
179
What made slaves such a "necessity" for the south plantation owners?
They were economically feasible since they worked only for room and board (Slave quarters were little more than shanty's
180
(T or F) Slaves were to obey their white masters without question even if the female slaves were demanded to sexually satisfy their masters?
T, Rape was common between White Masters and female slaves.
181
How did the south get more representation in Congress using the slaves
Counting them as 3/5ths of a person
182
Did the common middle class family have a couple of slaves or none or maybe just one?
Maybe one or none, slaves were a high cost "commodity"
183
What ushered in the French Revolution in part?
The lavish lifestyle of King Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette both of whom lost their heads via the Guillotine.
184
What happens when a company's price for a product is between the average total cost and average variable cost at the profit-maximizing output?
Loss minimizing, the company is avoiding a deficit
185
Belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture? (sociologically)
Ethnocentrism
186
Two numbers that increase in value of one number results in the decrease of the other number is the definition of what?
Inverse relationship
187
What war was fought in Europe and Asia between Austria's attempt to taking back a province by Prussia in 1756?
Seven Years War
188
What is the Seven War period known as in Colonial United States of America (still under British rule)?
French and Indian War
189
Why did many of the natives of the new world disappear?
They were killed by disease, slavery, and or weapons.
190
What happened to the Taino Indians which were the inhabitants of the Bahama's when Christopher Columbus landed there?
They died by disease, slavery and or weapons like most others. Gold mining never caught on because the gold was harder to find in the New World.
191
What Henry and what country did he rule did not get involved in the War of the Henry's?
Henry II of Spain
192
How many Wars of the Henry's were fought and what were they fought over?
Eight; Religion returning France to Catholicism
193
Who were the Protestant Henry's of the War of the Henry's?
Henry Naverre (King Henry IV)
194
Who were the Catholic Henry's of the War of the Henry's?
King Henry III of France (Catholic Heir to King Henry IV) and Henry, duc de Guise (Extremist Catholic League)
195
The psychological paradigm that deals with mental representation is?
Cognitivism
196
What President and what year was West Point established as the Army Military Academy?
Thomas Jefferson; 1802
197
What President and what year was the Annapolis Naval Academy established under?
James Polk; 1845
198
What President was responsible for the Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs Colorado?
Dwight D. Eisenhower; 1954
