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Certification > Social Studies Exam: History ~ Civil War & Reconstruction > Flashcards

Social Studies Exam: History ~ Civil War & Reconstruction Flashcards

1
Q

Robert E. Lee

A

Commander of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War

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2
Q

Sharecropping

A

a farming practice where landowners hired tenants to work the land in return for a share of the harvest

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3
Q

Battle of Antietam

A

Civil War battle, September 1862; deadliest one-day battle in U.S. history; resulted in a victory for the Union and provided an opportunity for Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation at a time of positive morale for the Union

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4
Q

13th Amendment

A

Made slavery illegal in the United States.

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4
Q

Radical Reconstruction

A

Refers to the social, economic, and political reforms passed by Republicans in Congress.

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5
Q

Missouri Compromise

A

The document that allowed Missouri to be inducted into the Union as a slave state and Maine to be inducted as a free state. Designed by Henry Clay to ensure a balance of slave and free states.

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6
Q

Battle of Gettysburg

A

The Union defeat of the South’s army which was led by General Robert E. Lee, in 1863, and which served as a turning point of the war.

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7
Q

John Brown

A

Most controversial abolitionist; led a group on a raid of a weapons arsenal in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia

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8
Q

Charles Sumner

A

a leader of the Radical Republicans

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9
Q

Sectionalism

A

Favoring the interests of one region or section over the interests of the entire country.

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10
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson

A

1896: The Supreme Court ruled in this case that racial segregation for public facilities was constitutional, as long as they were “separate but equal.”

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11
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A

Proclamation issued by Lincoln, freeing all slaves in areas still at war with the Union.

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12
Q

Secession

A

A formal withdrawal from the Union

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13
Q

Henry Clay

A

American lawyer and statesman. Masterminded the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. Sometimes called the Great Pacificator or the Great Compromiser.

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14
Q

Frederick Douglass

A

African-American abolitionist and noted orator who escaped from slavery

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15
Q

Freedman’s Bureau

A

An agency developed by the War Department in 1865 to assist former slaves with food, housing, education, healthcare, and employment.

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16
Q

15th Amendment

A

Gave the right to vote to every male citizen regardless of race, color, or previous servitude.

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17
Q

Abraham Lincoln

A

16th President of the United states. He was president during the Civil War and issued the Emancipation Proclamation.

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18
Q

Wilmot Proviso

A

Proposed by David Wilmot in 1846, stated that slavery shall never exist in any part of the territory ceded by Mexico.

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19
Q

Battle of Palmito Ranch

A

The last battle of the Civil War. Occurred on the banks of the Rio Grande east of Brownsville, Texas.

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20
Q

Jefferson Davis

A

A senator from Mississippi who served as the president of the Confederate States of America.

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21
Q

Confederate States of America

A

An organization formed when South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas seceded from the Union. Ended after the Civil War.

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22
Q

Nullification Doctrine

A

The belief that states had the right to nullify, or reject, any federal law that they deemed unconstitutional.

23
Q

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

A

Lincoln’s plan for readmitting the South into the Union

24
Q

Forty Acres and A Mule

A

a program in which farmable land and a mule were given to black former slaves

25
Q

Fort Sumter

A

Union-held fort in South Carolina; site of the Civil War battle that prompted the secession of Virginia, Tennessee, Arkansas, and North Carolina

26
Q

Carpetbaggers

A

Northern whites who traveled south after the Civil War to participate in reconstruction efforts. They were seen as profiteers by southerners.

27
Q

Dred Scott v. Sanford

A

1857 Supreme Court decision that stated slaves were not citizens: slaves were property no matter where they were living and the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional

28
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

A group of bills which alleviated conflict between the North and South regarding slavery in new states. Designed by Henry Clay.

29
Q

14th Amendment

A

Declared that all persons born or naturalized in the US would be US citizens and citizens in the state in which they live. Gave all citizens due process.

30
Q

Civil War

A

1861-1865. Fought between the northern and southern states of the US. Causes of the war centered on the issue of slavery and the rights of the states vs. the federal government.

31
Q

John Magruder

A

became a prominent member of the Confederate Army after training and serving in the U.S. military

32
Q

Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

A

Part of the Compromise of 1850, required citizens in any individual in any state to assist in the capture and return of runaway enslaved people

33
Q

Sherman’s March To The Sea

A

The battle in 1864 led by Union soldiers, General Ulysses S. Grant and General Sherman. They marched from Atlanta to Savannah and destroyed everything that the Union couldn’t immediately use.The goal was breaking the desire for war by the South, who surrendered on April 9, 1865

34
Q

Tariff of Abominations

A

a tariff passed by the US Congress in 1828 to protect Northern industry

35
Q

Ulysses S. Grant

A

General during the Civil War (1861-1865) and later US president (1869-1877)

36
Q

Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

A

a terrorist white supremacist hate group created during Reconstruction to prevent African Americans from gaining political power that would go on to attack immigrants and Catholics

37
Q

John Bell Hood

A

Confederate General during the Civil War

38
Q

Thaddeus Stevens

A

a leader of the Radical Republicans

39
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

Born a slave and escaped to freedom in 1849. Helped free other slaves through the underground railroad.

40
Q

William T. Sherman

A

the Union general who led a 400 mile march of destruction through Georgia and South Carolina

41
Q

Harriet Beecher Stowe

A

abolitionist and author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin

42
Q

Clara Barton

A

founder of the American Red Cross

43
Q

Reconstruction Acts of 1867

A

The sweeping social, economic, and political reforms passed by Republicans in Congress

44
Q

Andrew Johnson

A

seventeenth president of the United States.

45
Q

Juneteenth

A

June 19, 1865: The day Union troops emancipated the slaves of Texas

46
Q

Radical Republicans

A

a strongly anti-slavery faction of the Republican Party during the Civil War and Reconstruction

47
Q

Siege of Vicksburg

A

A turning point in the trajectory of the Civil War, this victory gave the Union control over the Mississippi River which was a key route for travel, communication, and supplies during the War.

48
Q

John Wilkes Booth

A

assassin of President Lincoln

49
Q

Battle of Galveston

A

A battle won by the Confederate Army and fought on land and at sea near Galveston.

50
Q

States’ Rights Doctrine

A

Belief that because the states had created the national government, state power should be greater that federal power.

51
Q

Scalawags

A

a white Southerner who supported Reconstruction policies after the American Civil War (usually for self-interest)

52
Q

Reconstruction

A

The period after the Civil War where the Confederate states and the Union states began the rebuilding of a single nation. Legislation was passed to ensure equality for former slaves, but longterm impacts were limited.

53
Q

Stephen A. Douglas

A

Democratic senator from Illinois and 1860 presidential candidate

54
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

Laws written after Reconstruction that enforced segregation in the South. Restricted the civil rights of black citizens, such as voting and educational equalities.

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