social studies chapter 2- Crete Flashcards
Neolithic
The greek word that means “New stone age”. This is when there was the early settlement of Crete- around 4000 BC
faience
a type of glazed clay
paleolithic
Greek word that means “old stone age”. A more primitive time before the Neolithic time
What is the geography of Crete
It’s a long narrow island that lies midway between Europe, Africa, and Asia. It separates the Aegean Sea in the north from the mediterrean Sea in the south. Imposing mountains tower above Crete’s wide coastal plains. The climate is hot and dry in the summer, and cool and wet in the winter. Politically, the island belongs to Greece.
obsidian
a black volcanic glass that could be craved into knife and spear points. Also used to make small statues.
lapis lazuli
.a beautiful blue stone used to make jewelry
What did men in the Neolithic period turn to for food
agriculture
What are two reasons Crete is historically important
It was the first part of Europe to be civilized.
It had a substantial effect upon the development of Greek culture.
What types of technologies, crafts, and food products did they trade for in Egypt
Gold, ivory, precious stones, faince, potters wheel
What were two important cash crops of Crete
wine and olive oil
What were other products raised of harvested in Crete
Goats (for milk) sheep (for wool) oxen (to pull plows) pigs(for meat) bees (for honey to sweeten foods)
What did they get in other places
At the Agean Islands they bartered for obsidian.
In Syria they obtained lapis lazuli and bronze made by melting copper and tin. This innovation marked the begining of the Bronze Age in Crete
What were the three main cities in Crete
Knossos, Phaestos, and Mallia
How did Crete become the most rich kingdom in the ancient world
By monopolizing the prosperous trade routes of the Mediterranean Sea
What is the story of the Minotaur
The Minotaur was a monster that was half-man and half-bull who lived in an underground labyrinth or maze beneath the palace of King Minos. To avenge the death of the son of King Minos who was killed in a battle with the Athenians, it was ordered that the Athenians send a tribute (payment) of 14 young men and Madiens every nine years. These poor souls were locked in the Labyrinth and killed by the Minotaur. One year Theseus a son of King Aegeus of Athens, went on a journey to destroy the Minotaur and end the sacrifices. Ardien, the beautiful daughter of Minos, fell in love with Theseus and gave him a magical ball of twine to guide him in and out of the labyrinth. Theseus killed the Minotaur and used the twine to find his way out of the Labyrinth.
Why did Sir Arthur Evans go to Crete
He was curious about the engravings on the stones that he found in an antiques market
What 2 things did sir Arthur Evans discover
He found the remains of King Mino’s palace and the remains of a great civilization that he named Minoan
What was a very important thing did Arthur Evans find in the palace of King Minos
He found an ablabaster throne that is the oldest throne ever found
What was the Minoan engineering and how did it work
In the palace clay pipes linked the palace with a mountain stream. Stone bridges lifted the pipeline over gulleys and ravines. These are the oldest known aqueducts. They allowed the royal family to take showers, baths, and there was even a toilet that flushed. To drain the heavy rainfall, Minoan engineers built a system of ducts, gutters, and basins to funnel the run-off
What was the griffin
A griffin is a mythical creature that has the head of an eagle and the body of a lion. It was probably the symbol of the king’s royal authority.
What did Evans wonder about the jumble of rooms and corridors in the palace
Wether the labyrinth was actually the palace
What did Evans conclude about the slim-waisted youths on the walls of Egyptian tombs built around 1550 BCE and the fresco of young men on the walls of the Minoan palace, and of what were they proof of.
They were proof of trade relations
What does labyrinth mean in Greek? Of what of is it probably a symbol? What might this knowledge prove
The Greek word labyrinth means “house of double axe” and it probably was another symbol of the Minoan king’s authority. It was futher proof that the legendary labyrinth of the Minotaur was actually the palace itself.
What are futhuer clues that suggest the power of Knossos
When Evans excaved Knossos, he found no evidence of walls surrounding the palace, which indicated the Minoans must have felt very safe. What must have given the Minoans the sense of security was the navy (the king’s fleet of warships) they had.
What was the religion of the Minoans
The religion centered around one main goddess-the snake goddess who was probably worshipped as a source of fertility
Why was the bull so important to the Minoans
When a earthequake happend it sounded like a bull. The design of the double axe looks like two bull horns.
What caused the descruction of the Minoan empire
A earthquake caused a volcanoe wich made a tsunami
What caused the descruction of the Minoan empire
A earthquake caused a volcanic eruption wich made a tsunami tidal wave which destroyed the cities.
