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PCIS Exámenes Verano 9 > Social Studies > Flashcards

Social Studies Flashcards

1
Q

Name one of the main causes why the Mexico City has grown so much

A

The rural moved to the city as land was purchased around them by wealthy landowners

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2
Q

What are the underground economies?

A

It is an informal sector where migrants find temporary jobs where is not taxed or regulated by the government

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3
Q

On what type of physical feature is Mexico located

A

In a land bridge

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4
Q

A climate zone that occurs as elevation increases is known as

A

Vertical climate zone

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5
Q

What is true of river and lakes in Northern Mexico?

A

There are fex of them, and they are small

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6
Q

Mexico is the world´s leading producer of

A

Silver

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7
Q

About how much of Mexico´s electricity is generated by oil and natural gas?

A

About three fourths

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8
Q

What is Chihuahua in Mexico?

A

A natural wonder

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9
Q

What is breadbasket?

A

A major grain producing region of Mexico. The Central Plateau is considered a breadbasket

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10
Q

Which two river form a boder between Mexico and United States

A

RIo Grande or Rio Bravo

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11
Q

The_______River feed into Lake_______, the largest natural lake in Mexico

A

Lerma, Chapala

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12
Q

The Gulf of Mexico is famous for________and supplies the fishing industry in Mexico and USA

A

shrimp

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13
Q

The Gulf of California supports a remarkable diversity of aquatic animals, these include several types of________, endangered leatherback_________the giant Pacific______, and great white___________

A

whales, sea turtles, mantaray, sharks

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14
Q

Mexicos is leader in________producing countrym and it ranks__in the world for______exports

A

petroleum, 13, crude oil

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15
Q

________are plant and animal waste used as a soruce of fuel

A

Biomass

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16
Q

Which civilization was one of the earliest and largest in Mexico, centered in the Yucatan Peninsula?

A

Maya

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17
Q

Which empire had its capital in Tenochtitlan?

A

Aztec Empire

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18
Q

Define mestizo

A

People mixed between european and indigenous descents

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19
Q

Define cash crop

A

Farm product grown to be sold or trated rather than used by the farm family

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20
Q
  • Hernan Cortés:
  • 1st spanish territory to win its independence:
  • Military dictator:
  • Establish the Catholic Church in Mexico:
  • Large landowners´estate:
  • 78% of Mexican live in:
  • Primate city:
  • Diego Rivera:
A
  • Conquered the aztecs
  • Mexico
  • Caudillo
  • Spain
  • Hacienda
  • Cities
  • Capital city
  • Muralist
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21
Q

Explain the situation of the drug cartels in Mexico

A

Over the past few decades, drug cartels have come to control different regions of Mexico. New cartels have been forming or breaking away from older and larger cartels. These new cartels compete with old cartels for power and control of drug-producing territories. The result is internal warfare in Mexico. The cartels have increasingly incited street gun battles, massacres in the mountains, and other acts of violence and terror.

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22
Q

Syncretism

A

The combination of different beliefs into one faith

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23
Q

a) More than a______cross the US-Mexico border every day in both directions
b) In a free trade zone trade restrictions_______
c) Many rural mountain communities have relied for generations on the_______, controlled by_______, that support their families
d) The government has not been able to discourage the growing of theses crops because________can match their cash vayle for these____________

A

a) More than million
b) Do not apply
c) Poppy and marihuana fields, cartels
d) No legal crop, isolated farmers

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24
Q

Define sustainable development

A

Technological and economic growth that does not deplete the human and natural resources of a given area

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25
Q

What percentage of Mexico´s population lives below the poverty line?

A

50%

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26
Q

What is land subsistence affecting Mexico City?

A

Because the natural reserves of water have been pumped dry, removing the soil, and compacting the clay soil in the empty space. This makes the water reservoirs to collapse

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27
Q

Why is Mexico so polluted?

A

Because it is located in a valley and can save a major source of pollution

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28
Q

The country of Panama is on

A

An isthmus

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29
Q

What is an archipelago?

A

A group of islands

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30
Q

What is the importance of the Panama Canal?

A

It drastically cuts the transportation time from the Atlantic to the Pacific OCean

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31
Q

The greater the number of different species of animals and plants in an environment, the greather the

A

biodiversity of the enviornment

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32
Q

Lake Nicaragua is

A

Central America´s largest freshwater lake

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33
Q

Lake Nicaragua is the only one in the world to contain

A

Oceanic Life

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34
Q

Lake Managua has commercially viable fish and

A

alligators

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35
Q

Lempa River is

A

the only navigable river of El Salvador

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36
Q

Descirbe the relationship between latifundia and minifundia

A
  • Latifundia is a large agricultural estates owned by families or corporations
  • Minifundia is a small farm that produce food for the families
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37
Q

Which was the only non-Spanish colony in Central America?

A

Belize

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38
Q

What were the three factors that nearly killed the entire indigenous population by the mid 1600s?

A

Forced labor, starvation and european diseases

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39
Q

Which year was the Panama Canal open, and who had control over it? Who has control over it today?

A

1914, controlled by USA. Today, Panama control the zone

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40
Q

Which is the most densely populated country in Central America?

A

El Salvador

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41
Q

How has Central America´s population changed since the 1950s

A

It quadruples its population(40 millions)

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42
Q
  • Spanish
  • Patois
  • 80%
  • Protestan religions
  • Santeria
  • Voodoo
  • Matriarchal
A
  • The primary language in most countries
  • Dialects that blend languages
  • Are Roman Catholic
  • Common in English speaking countries
  • Practiced in Cuba
  • Practiced in Haití
  • Caribbean
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43
Q

Define cottage industry

A

A business that employs workers in their homes

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44
Q

Which country has most of its energy produced by hydroelectric plants?

A

Costa Rica

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45
Q

Tell four examples of how the hydroelectric systems are threatening the natural environment

A
  • It alters the habitas and devastate native fish population
  • It blocks fish migrations
  • It threaten the survival of the indigenous population
  • It also affect water level and velocity
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46
Q

Synonym of shantytown

A

Slum

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47
Q

List four factors affecting loss and soil erosion

A
  • The clear of forested regions
  • The construcition of hotels and other structures to support the tourism industry
  • Commercial agriculture
  • Intensive plantation agriculture
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48
Q

What are the green business focusing on?

A
  • Environmental friendly organic food production
  • Renewable energy
  • Sustainable tourism
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49
Q

Name the three weather related disasters most probably to happen in Central America and the Caribbean

A
  • Hurricanes
  • Floods
  • Earthquakes
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50
Q

Name the world´s longest mountain chain

A

THe Andes

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51
Q

Which mountains are an extension of The Andes?

A

Rocky MTS

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52
Q

How high is the Andes´altiplano?

A

It is the second largest mountain plateau in the world

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53
Q

Where is Patagonia?

A

In southern Chile and Argentina

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54
Q

Describe the landscape in Patagonia

A

Dramatic valleys, glaciers and fjords

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55
Q

Name the two most important inland grasslands in South America, and where are they located?

A

Llanos(Colombia and Venezuela)

Pampas(Argentina and Uruguay)

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56
Q

How long is the Amazon River and how does it flow?

A
  • Western Hemisphere´s longest river and the world´s second largest
  • It flows about 4000miles(6400km)
  • It begins in the Peruvian Andes
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57
Q

Name the highest large lake in the world

A

Lake Titicaca

58
Q

What percentage of South America´s surface is covered by the Amazon rain forest, the world´s largest rain forest?

A

1/3

59
Q

Name the desert in South America that in some places no rainfall has ever been recorded

A

Atacama

60
Q

Which country in South America have been producing the world´s finest emeralds for more than 1000 years?

A

Colombia

61
Q

Who established the first highly developed civilization in South America?

A

The Inca

62
Q

What is brain drain?

A

The loss of highly educated and skilled workers to other countries

63
Q

The majority of Argentines are descended from

A

Spanish and Italian immigrants

64
Q

Where do most indigenous cultural grouos live in South America today?

A

In the Andes region of Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia

65
Q

Whicj of the followijng is causing the most harm biodiversity in South America?

A

Deforestation

66
Q

Thick, weathered soil in the tropics that is depleted of nutrients is called

A

Oxisol

67
Q

What is the effect of monoculture

A

The soil becomes depleted of nutrients

68
Q

How does the price of gold affect the environment in Peru?

A

The higher the price of gold, the more pollution and deforestation.

69
Q

Define fjords

A

Long, steep-sided glacial valley now filled seawater

70
Q

On which peninsula does the country of Denmark lie?

A

Jutland Peninsula

71
Q

Which northrn European country has about 200 volcanoes?

A

Iceland

72
Q

Define Geothermal Energy

A

A form of energy conversion that captures heat energy from within Earth

73
Q

ICeland has numerous mountains, rivers, glaciers……

A

waterfalls, small lakes, hot springs, geyser

74
Q

In which country is located the largest glacier of Europe?

A

ICeland

75
Q

Name the world´s largest inland and to which country does it belong?

A

Greenland. Denmark

76
Q

Iceland has mild climate thanks to…..

A

Gulf of Stream

77
Q

The most important natural resources of FInland are the…., so in 2012 the country exported over…% of the……and paperboard traded on the global market

A

trees, 10%, paper

78
Q

Most Northern European countries use……power

A

hydroelectric

79
Q

Norway is the largest producer of……..in Europe, and the world’s………..natural gas exporter.

A

Oil, second largest

80
Q

Denmark is the number one country in the world for………generated from……..

A

Electricity, renewable resources

81
Q

……..is the least densely populated country in Europe.

A

Iceland

82
Q
  1. The Vikings were also known as………., and their language,………….., is the base of the Nordic languages spoken nowadays.
A

Norsemen, old norse

83
Q

All the Nordic countries provide……….for senior citizens.

A

Retierment income

84
Q

80% of the residents of Sweden live in or around……

A

Stockholm

85
Q
  1. The Danish women (from Denmark) are among the best….and…… in Europe.
A

Educated and highest paid

86
Q

The capital of Denmark has been called

A

The Singapore of the Baltic

87
Q

What is an entre pot?

A

A port where goods are received and then reshipped

88
Q

Finland is the only nordic country without an……

A

official religion

89
Q

In Northern Europe, school is mandatory for children for at least

A

10 years

90
Q

The………rates are nearly………

A

Literacy, 100%

91
Q

All children are required to know at least…..other than their own.

A

One language

92
Q

The Nordic countries have programs of……for all residents that are founded by their…….

A

Well being, governments

93
Q

The Nordic countries are militating for achieving equal status for………, that’s why nearly as many women as men are elected to serve in the…….of Northern Europe.

A

Women, parliaments

94
Q

The famous fairy tales author……..was from Denmark.

A

Hans Christian Andersen

95
Q

Fish and fish products consitute more than…..of exports in Iceland

A

70%

96
Q

Norway has conditions for both wild and farmed Norwegian…….

A

Salmon

97
Q

Define invasive species

A

A non-indigenous or non-native species that threatens ecosystems, habitats, or other species.

98
Q

Why would the deposits of sediment left behind by glaciers be rich and fertile?

A

As glaciers moved across the land, they collected sediment and other debris that was then deposited along the sides or the front of the glacier as the ice melted. These deposits contained top soil and were rich in nutrients and minerals.

99
Q

What make up the British Isles?

A

Great Britain and Ireland.

100
Q

Name the highest peak in the Alps and its location.

A

Mont Blanc, at the border between France and Italy.

101
Q

…..of the Netherlands lies below the………. Since the………., the Dutch have built……, or large banks of earth and……., to hold back the…….. With dikes as protection, they have……..land from the……. These reclaimed lands, called……., once were drained and kept……..by the use of……… Today, other power sources run…….to remove……. Polders provide hundreds of thousands of acres of land for ……….and settlement……….is known as the city below the sea, and it’s one of the most important JUNCTIONS OF GOODS in the world. The city is ranked #…..port in EUROPE and #…. port in the world…………..consumers in the………..market are served by the port of Rotterdam.

A 
25%
Sea Level
Middle Ages
DIkes
Stone
Water
Reclaimed
Sea
Polders
Dry
Windmills
Pumps
Water
Farming
Settlement
Rotterdam
Junctions of Good
#1 port in Europe and #5 port in the world
350 million
European
102
Q

Name the only major river in Northwestern Europe that flows directly in the Mediterranean Sea.

A

The Rhone River.

103
Q

The Danube River: starting and ending points.

A

It runs from southern Germany’s Black Forest into the Black Sea.

104
Q

Why is it cold in southern France?

A

Because of the mistral.

105
Q

Define the Crusades and explain their goal.

A

A series of religious wars between Christians and Muslim, in order to regain the Holy Land.

106
Q

Which country became the epicenter of the Industrial Revolution? When and why?

A

Great Britain, in the 1700s, because at the time it had:

  • The labor
  • Capital
  • Technology
  • Natural resources
  • Access to waterways for transporting goods
107
Q

Define industrial capitalism and communism.

A

Industrial capitalism is an economic system in which business leaders use profits to expand their companies, while communism is the idea that society should be based on public ownership and communal control of property.

108
Q

Why did the WWI start?

A
  • Because of the rivalries and alliances among the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria) and the Allied Powers (Britain, France and Russia)
  • The assassination of the Austro-Hungarian heir by a Serbian nationalist
  • Germany invaded Belgium and France
109
Q

The years the WWI took place

A

1914-1918

110
Q

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

A

It was a treaty signed at the end of the war, where Germany was blamed for starting the conflict and demanded that it take reparations, or payment for damages.

111
Q

What country was divided during the Cold War into two parts: communist and democratic?

A

Germany

112
Q

Name the first female prime minister of Great Britain.

A

Margaret Thatcher

113
Q

a) Acid pollution damages buildings made of……

b) The…….aims to reduce the amount of greenhouse gasses emitted by specific countries.

A

a) Limestone

b) Kyoto Protocol

114
Q

c) The………….connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Mediterranean Sea.
d) ……..is a small country located high in the Pyrenees.
e) ………run down the spine of the Italian Peninsula.
f) ……… is Europe’s tallest active volcano.
g) ……….are the two major rivers of the Iberian Peninsula.
h) …………is located at the mouth of the Po River.
i) …….. is an extremely rare heavy-metal element essential in high-tech industry.
j) Renaissance began in………in the 1300s.
k) …….. is the most densely populated state in Southern Europe.
l) …………is home to the Roman Catholic Church.
m) ………is a very famous architect from Spain.

A

c) Gibraltar
d) Andorra
e) The Apennines Mts.
f) Mount Etna
g) Tagus and Ebros
h) Venice
i) Tungsten
j) Italy
k) Vatican City
l) Vatican City
m) Antonio Gaudi

115
Q

What countries were part of Yugoslavia?

A

Member countries: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Macedonia.

116
Q

…….terrain is characterized by caves, sinkholes,…… rivers, and the absence of…….rivers, streams, and lakes.

A

Karst, underground, surface

117
Q

The Carpathian Mountains run from

A

Slovakia to Romania

118
Q

The……..River divides the city of Budapest into………

A

Danube, Buda and Pest

119
Q

The……..Canal connects the North Sea with the Black Sea.

A

Main Danube

120
Q

During the Cold War (1945-1991) Eastern Europe was dominated by the…….

A

Soviet Union

121
Q

…….is the least populous contry in Europe

A

Montenegro

122
Q

Which countries are considered to make up the Russian Core?

A

Belarus, Ukraine and Russia

123
Q

Name Russia’s major mountain ranges.

A

The Urals and the Caucasus.

124
Q

The highest peak of the………. and actually the highest mountain in Europe is……..

A

Caucasus Mts

Mt. Elbrus

125
Q

What is a Chernozem?

A

Chernozem is a rich, black, topsoil found in the Northern European Plain, especially in Russia, and Ukraine.

126
Q

How many lakes are in Belarus?

A

11,000

127
Q

Which is the longest river in Europe?

A

Volga River

128
Q

Describe Lake Baikal

A
  • 25 million years old, one of the oldest in the world
  • The deepest lake in the world
  • It holds 1/5 of all unfrozen freshwater found on the planet
  • Known as the “Galapagos of Russia” because of its age and isolation
  • It’s very important for scientists in order to evaluate how marine species evolve.
129
Q

Define permafrost

A

Permanently frozen layer beneath surface and found in tundra

130
Q

…..of the world’s forest are found in Russia. Russia cannot access its biggest resources of coal because they……..in eastern Siberia. Natural gas is another leading resource, but much of it it’s located in…… Russia is one of the…….producers of aluminum,……, and platinum-group metals.

A 
1/5
lie in remote areas
leading resources
northern siberia
top 3
gemstones
131
Q

What were the people required to know or do to during the Russification process?

A

To speak Russian and to become Christian Orthodox

132
Q

How did the philosophy of Karl Marx lead to the creation of the Soviet Union?

A

He is considered the founder of modern communism, as he believed in two principles which were applied when the Soviet Union was great in 1917: the public ownership of all land and means of production, and a classless society with an equal sharing of wealth

133
Q

What were the satellites under the Soviet Union, and how many were they?

A

A satellite was a country controlled by the Soviet Union; there were 15 in total.

134
Q

Which were the two reform plans that started to move the Soviet Union toward a market economy, and who established them?

A

Perestroika and glasnost, established by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985.

135
Q

Why was Russia unwilling to let Chechenya become an indepdendent nation?

A

Because of the oil and gas pipelines that run through Chechen lands and are vital to the Russian economy.

136
Q

Between 1949 and 1987, more than 600 nuclear explosions took place because:

A

they were testing to improve the technology and weapons

137
Q

What did the Soviets do with the nuclear weapons they were producing?

A

they stockpiled them

138
Q

What happens with the nuclear wastes:

A

they can remain radioactive for thousands of years

139
Q

What happens with the radioactive materials who were not placed in storage facilities?

A

were dumped directly into the Barents, Baltic, and Bering Seas

140
Q

A fire at a nuclear reactor in the town of _______, in _________ represented the first significant environmental disaster.

A

Chernobyl, 1986

141
Q

Why is the previous incident so significant?

A

the radioactivity was 400 times more than the nuclear bomb dropped in Hiroshima

142
Q

As the Soviets officials were slow to alert the public to the crisis and did not evacuate people soon enough:

A

millions were exposed to deadly levels of radiation

PCIS Exámenes Verano 9 (6 decks)

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