Social Studies Flashcards
1
Q
What percentage of Japan is located on flat land?
A
20%
2
Q
Why did many Japanese accept control by the Yamoto clan?
A
Because the Yamoto rules believed that they are descendant from the kami.
3
Q
Why did Japanese leaders send representatices to China and Korea?
A
Because they thopught that they could learn more about the culture of Korea and China.
4
Q
What is an imperial court?
A
A group of nobles who live near and serve or advise a ruler.
5
Q
- Regent
- Shogun
- Shinto
- Shotoku
A
- A person who rule in someone´s else name
- A great Japanse general who rule instead of the emperor.
- A nature religion that began in Japan
- Prince who introduced many Chinese ideas to Japan.
6
Q
Give examples of how Japan learned from China and Korea in language, philosophy and religion
A
- Religion: Buddhism.
- Philosophy: Confucianism.
- Language: Chinese´s characters of writing.
7
Q
Why was caligraphy an important art form in Heian?
A
Because they wanted the poems to look as beautiful as they sound, so they spent hours.
8
Q
What is Noh?
A
A type of performance developed into more serious that combine music, speaking and dance.
9
Q
Why did Heian become a center of culture?
A
Because the nobles of this court love beauty and elegance, so they become supporters od the arts.
10
Q
What was the main reason that most early Japanese literature was written by women?
A
Because tha man only write in Chinese and the women write in Japanese language.
11
Q
Why is Lady Murasaki Shikibu important?
A
Because she was one of the greatest writers in early Japanese history.
12
Q
Who was a daimyo?
A
A Japan´s large landowner
13
Q
Who was a samurai? What were two things that samurai couldn´t do?
A
A trained professional warrior that defend and protect the emperor and, served the daimyo and the shogun.
They wear light armor and they fight with swords and bows.
They couldn´t attend certain types of enterntainment and they couldn´t take part in trade or commerce.
14
Q
What did samurai receive in return for their service?
A
Land,food andk money from the peasants.
15
Q
What new form of Buddhism developed in Japan?
A
Zen
16
Q
What was the difference between the emperor and the shogun?
A
A shogun is a general who rule Japan in the emperor´s name. A emperor is the figurehead for the shogun.
17
Q
What was bushido and who was expected to live by its rule?
A
The samurai code of rules. Men and women from samurai families.
18
Q
What samurai values are still admired in modern day Japan?
A
Loyalty, honor, dedication and discipline.
19
Q
What help did the Japanese refer to the storms as kamikaze?
A
Huge storms.
20
Q
Who finally reunified Japan about 1600?
A
Tokugawa Ieyasu
21
Q
What caused the ruling shogun to close Japan off from the rest of the world in the 1630?
A
That some shoguns don´t follow Tokugawa like this contact of the world. Some feared that Japan and the shoguns would lose their power.
22
Q
Why did Japanese refer to the storms as kamikaze?
A
They believed that the gods had sent the storms to protect them.
23
Q
How did the Maya adapt and change their environment?
A
- They cleared areas for farm
- They use resources for bulding materials
- They trade to obtain resources they didn´t have
24
Q
Why is Maya civilization not considered an empire?
A
They didn´t have a central ruler
25
Why was blood significant in Maya religious beliefs and practices?
Because they need it to prevent disasters or the end of the world for their gods.
26
What advances did the Maya make in astronomy?
They built observatories and made or developed two calendars. Also, they determined the length of the year.
27
The ancient maya city of ____ was a major power
Palenque
28
___became king of the Maya when he was just 12 years old
Pacal
29
Maya civilization began to collapse in the AD___
900s
30
___was the capital of the Aztecs
Tenochtitlán
31
The aztecs created floated gardens called___
Chinampas
32
Aztec artisans used___, gems and___ to make jewelry and___
Gold, feathers and masks
33
Who conquered the Aztecs?
Hernán Cortés
34
Who was the Inca´s last emperor?
Atahualpa
35
Who conquered the Incas?
Francisco Pizarro
36
How did the visitors travel to and from Tenochtitlán?
By causeways
37
Who was Moctezuma II?
The aztec emperor
38
Define Quechua
The official Inca´s language
39
How did the Incas control their economy?
They distribute their goods collecting by mita, they collected a labor tax called mita.
40
Who came to the Americas to find land, gold and expand the Catholicism
The spanish conquistadors
41
It was connected by a road network of about 15,000 miles of roads.
The Inca Empire
42
Define Middle Ages, why is it called like that? What is another name given?
- The Middle Ages is a period that lasted from 500 to 1500.
- Its called like that because it falls between ancient times and modern times.
- Also is called the Medieval Period
43
Who helped to convert the people to Christianity in Ireland?
Saint Patrick
44
The communities of monks are called....
Monasteries
45
Who were the Serfs?
Were workers who were tied to the land on which they lived.
46
What is the mission of the monks and where do they live?
To spread the religion. They live in monasteries
47
Who married with two kings?
Eleanor of Aquitaine
48
What is a knight?
A warrior who fought on horseback.
49
Who was the most important leader of the Franks?
Charlemagne.
50
Describe the feudalism
The feudalism is a system in whic the knights or the vassals defend the land of the noble. The nobles had to spend money for the knight´s weapons, armors and horses. They were paying fiefs. A noble who gave land to a knight is called a lord. A vassal is a knight who promised to support the noble in battle. Many manors were self-sufficient, meaning the produced most of the food and goods needed.
51
How were knights required to behave in the code of chivalry?
To be brave, loyal, humble and modest at the same time. Kind and generous, especially with the women
52
How were the feudal systemas of Europe and Japan similar?
In the feudal government, royalty, nobles, warriors, the code of honor or behavior and that in both, the peasant work in land. Also, the lord gave lands to people who promised to serve them and fight for them. These estates were farmed by peasants.
53
What means to be excommunicated? Who could do that and why were people afraid of this?
It means to cast out from the church. The pope or the bishops could do that and there were people afraid because it wouldn´t get into heaven.
54
In what region did many bishops not recognize the pope´s authority?
Eastern Europe
55
What decision created the permanent split within the church in the mid 1000s
The excommunicate of the Constantinople´s bishop, that he didn´t recognize the authority of Pope Leo IX Pope Leo IX decided to excommunicate that bishop. The Christians who agreed to the Constantinople´s bishop formed the Orthodox Church. The ones wo agreed with the pope became known as ROman Catholics.
56
What caused Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry´s IV power struggle? How was the problem solved?
That Pope Gregory disapproved a bishop chosen by Emperor Henry IV. So, Henry convinced Germans´bishop to remove him, but Gregory excommunicate Henry. The pope let him wait for three days bore foot in the snow outside of his castle.
In 1122, they both died
57
What is the Crusades?
A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia.
58
Where does the word crusades come from? What it means?
It comes from the Latin and it means marked with a cross.
59
In which years did they take place?
1096-1204
60
Who were the two most famous leaders of the Crusades?
Richard I of England, known as “Lion Heart” and the Muslim leader Saladin.
61
Who lost the Crusades and why?
The christians. Because they were outnumbered, they fight against a well organized Muslim force and the Crhistians leaders fought among themselves and planned poorly.
62
Similaries and differences between Monks and Friars
- The monks live apart from the people, they built monasteries; they collected,stored and copied Christian texts. The friars live among the people, they don´t have a property and they preached and begged
- Both were unhappy with politic in church and they were members of a religious order.
63
Why and, by who were the firste universities created?
The church created some to teach religion; other universities were created by students who wanted to learn about the world.
64
Where was it signed the Magna Carta?
In Runnymede(near London), England
65
By who was created the Magna Carta?
By a group of nobles
66
In which year the Magna Carta was created?
1215
67
Why was the signing of Magna Carta so important?
Because it inspired the English to find more ways to limit the king’s power
68
Tell about the Black Death
It´s a deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351. This disease is carry some forms of plagues that are in the rats. This disease could spread from one person to another, by the air. This disease killed around 25 milions of people in Europe.
69
What was the Hundred Years´War?
A long conflict between England and France
70
Who was Joan of Arc?
A teenage peasant girl who rallied the French troops
71
What is a heresy?
A religious idea that oppose the church teachings
72
What represented the Reconquista?
The efforts to retake Spain from the Muslim Moors
73
Who finally brought and end to the Reconquista?
Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand
74
Queen Isabella helped pay for the trasatlantic voyages of___
Cristopher Columbus
75
What was the last Muslim stronghold in Spain?
Granada
76
What was the purpose of the Spanish Inquisition?
To be the Christian religion the one who predominate in Spain.
77
What three groups were punished for their beliefs in the Middle Ages?
The heretics, Muslims and Jews
78
Define the Renaissance and where did it start?
It means to rebirth and it started in Italy
79
Which four cities become trading centers during the Renaissance?
Florence, Genoa, Milan and Venice
80
Which powerful Italian family had a big impact during the Renaissance? How it become so rich?
The Medici´s family, they were the greatest bankers in Florence.
81
What does a Renaissance person mean?
It´s someone who could do practically anything well
82
Name the two people who are each considered a Renaissance person?
Michelangelo and Leonardo Da Vinci
83
What did Michelangelo and Da Vinci do?
- Michelangelo made the statue of David and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican
- Da Vinci painted the Monalisa
84
What mathematical symbols were created during the Renaissance?
Square root and, positive and negative numbers
85
Who was Petrarch?
A Renaissance scholar
86
What was the Reformation?
A reform movement against the Roman Catholic Church
87
What was the sale of the indulgences?
It is the sale of a document that excused a person from penalties that he/she had committed.
88
What is the official name of Martin Luther´s list of complaints? Where did he display the list?
The Ninety-Five Theses. In Germany
89
Who translated the Bible´s New Testament in German?
Martin Luther
90
Who was William Tyndale and why did he die?
An English professor who was executed from the Catholic authorities’ orders because he believed that everyone should be able to read and interpret the Bible, so he translated it in English.
91
Why did the Reformation happened in England and what is the name of the new church?
Because the King of England, Henry VIII, asked the pope to officially end his marriage, but the pope refused. Angry, the king declared himself the head of the new church: the Church of England, or the Anglican Church.
92
What does science means?
Knowledge
93
What hoped to turn common metals into gold?
Alchemy
94
The first person to study the ski witha a telescope was.....
Galileo Galilei
95
Who said that the rainbow is made of all the colors?
Isaac Newton
96
Who circumnavigated the world for the first time?
Ferdinand Magellan
97
Where the tomatoes,potatoes,bread and cheese originally from?
America
98
What two reasons prompted Europeans to explore in the 1400s?
They want to trade with Asia to get their spices and to spread their religion
99
Which were the four European countries that lead explorations in the period 1487-1580?
Portugal, France, Spain and England
100
What is the Columbian exchange?
The exchange of plants, animals and ideas between the New World and the Old World.
101
What was the main economic policy in Europe between 1500 and 1800?
The Mercantilism. It was a system in which the government controlls all economic activity in a country and its colonies to make stronger and richer their government.
102
What was the Enlightenment?
Is the use of reason in guiding peoplés thoughts about philoshopy, society and politics
103
What does it mean to be secular?
Non-religious
104
How did Voltaire feel about censorship?
He disapproved that, but he will defend the right or the freedom
105
Ideas of Locke
The government should protect the natural rights of the people. Liberty, property and liberty.
106
Ideas of Montesquieu
The government should be separated in branches. Executive, legislative and judicial power.
107
Ideas of Rousseau
A social contract between the people and the government.
108
Ideas of Voltaire
A separation between the church and the government.
109
Who was Oliver Cromwell?
The leader of Parliament’s struggle against the monarchy, and dictator of Britain for a while.
110
Tell about the English Bill of Rights
It was signed in 1689, in England. William of Orange and his wife, Mary, signed it. This was becauses it has the principles of Magna Carta, in which is limited the ruler´s power and recognize some rights for the people
111
Tell about the Declaration of Independence
It was wrote in 1776, in England, by Thomas Jefferson
112
Who is the main author of the United States´ Constitution?
James Madison
113
FRENCH REVOLUTION:
- How was the french society divided?
- Who was the royal family?
- Where did the royal family live?
- Who made up the National Assembly?
- What were the two biggest problems of France?
- What event marked the beginning of the French Revolution?
- What is the name of the constitution and who wrote it?
- How did Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette die?
- What was the Reign of Terror?
- 1st estate: the clergy (paid no taxes),2nd estate: the nobles (had the best jobs and paid few taxes),3rd estate: the common people (98% of the population
- King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
- In the palace of Versailles.
- The 3 Estate
- Famine and debt.
- When amob sotrmed the Bastille´s prison, took guns and freed the prisoners, also the guards were forced to surrend
- Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The National Assembly
- They were executed
- A period in where the people were executed with the guillotine
114
What changes did Napoleon made in the government?
- Public education system
- Central banking law for all men
- Trial by jury
- Freedom of religion
- The Napoleonic Code
115
What enemy couldn´t defeat Napoleon in 1805? What happened after this defeat until his death?
In 1805, at the battle of Trafalgar, off the coast of Spain, the French fleet was destroyed by the British navy. In revenge, Napoleon ordered all nations to stop trading with Great Britain. Russia though, did not listen to this, so in response Napoleon invaded Russia, but he lost again.
Austria, Great Britain, Prussia, and Russia joined together to defeat the French. In 1814 they captured Paris, and forced Napoleon to give up power and leave France. A year later, Napoleon came back and raised a new army. He was defeated again by the British and Prussians in the battle of Waterloo in Belgium, 1815.
He was sent away by the allies to a small island in the Atlantic, where he died 6 years later.
116
What was the Congress of Vienna?
European representatives met in Vienna to draw up a peace settlement after Napoleon’s defeat.
117
What is the difference between conservatism and liberalism?
Conservatism is movement to prevent the old social order and government. The liberalism is a movement for individuals rights and liberties.
118
What was the first colony in Latin América to gain independence?
Haiti, in 1804, under Toussaint L’Ouverture, a freed slave.
119
Where and when did the Industrial Revolution begin?
England. 1700
120
Who invented the steam engine? When?
James Watt. 1769
121
What were some transportation and communication advances during the Industrial Revolution?
Steamships, steam-powered and the telegraph
122
What is the main difference between capitalims and socialism?
The capitalism is a system in which the government stay out of business matters. The socialism is a social system in which business is owned by the workers or tbe government.
123
What is the imperialism and what 3 factors caused increased imperialism in 1800s?
Is the control of a country by another one.
- The needed of raw materials for their factories
- The increase of nation´s power
- To demostrate the superiority
124
Why was the Panama Canal an important trade route?
Because it shortened the sea route from New York to San Francisco. This made the shipment of goods must cheaper and faster.
125
What were the main causes of the World War I?
Tensions between Austria-Hungary and Serbia, assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, the alliance system.
126
In which year was Francis Ferdinand assassinated?
1914
127
Who were the Central Powers, also known as the Triple Alliance?
Austria-Hungary, Germany and Italy
128
Who were the Allies, also known as the Triple Entente?
Great Britain, France and Russia
129
Who struck the first blow? Who was attacked?
Germany sent a large army into Belgium and France
130
Why did the U.S. join the war?
Because Germany ignored U.S. warning on not attacking with the submarines the unarmed British ships.
131
When did the Russians pull out? Why?
In 1917, because they were exhausted
132
Explain the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations.
After the war, leaders of the Allies met at Versailles, near Paris, to discuss peace terms. U.S. president Woodrow Wilson proposed a plan intended to promote democracy and prevent future wars. One of his ideas was to create League of Nations, an organization where countries would try to solve their problems peacefully.
133
How was Germany punished?
- Forced to accept blame for starting the war
- Had to slash the size of its army
- Give up its colonies
- Pay for war damages
134
What were some complaints after the Treaty of Versailles?
- Germany thought it was too harsh
- Not all nationalities got their own nation
- Some countries resented losing land
135
RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
- In which year did the Russian Revolution occur?
- Who led the revoultion?
- Who were the bolsheviks?
- Name the world´s first communist state?
- 1917
- Vladimir Lenin
- Communist´s supporters
- Soviet Union
136
When did the World War II happened?
1939-1945
137
Tell the Axis Powers and the Allies
- Axis Powers: Germany, Italy and Japan
| - Allies: Great Britain, US, France and Soviet Union
138
Which leaders became dictators, and which countries did they rule?
Adolf Hitler, Germany
| Benito Mussolini, Italy
139
What was the Holocaust?
An attempt by the Nazis to wipe out Jewish people.
140
How did the war against Japan end?
The U. S. dropped two powerful atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
141
Why was the United Nations started?
As a means to prevent world war and to solve the future problems peacefully.
142
What was the Cold War?
A period of intense rivalry between The United States and the Soviet Union, but no direct fighting.
143
Who established the communist government in China? When?
Mao Zedong in 1949
144
In what way is terrorism unlike a war between nations?
Terrorism is the criminal activity of a group that works against a particular government, unlike a war, which is a conflict between nations.
