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PCIS Exámenes Verano 8 > Social Studies > Flashcards

Social Studies Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of Japan is located on flat land?

A

20%

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2
Q

Why did many Japanese accept control by the Yamoto clan?

A

Because the Yamoto rules believed that they are descendant from the kami.

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3
Q

Why did Japanese leaders send representatices to China and Korea?

A

Because they thopught that they could learn more about the culture of Korea and China.

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4
Q

What is an imperial court?

A

A group of nobles who live near and serve or advise a ruler.

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5
Q
  • Regent
  • Shogun
  • Shinto
  • Shotoku
A
  • A person who rule in someone´s else name
  • A great Japanse general who rule instead of the emperor.
  • A nature religion that began in Japan
  • Prince who introduced many Chinese ideas to Japan.
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6
Q

Give examples of how Japan learned from China and Korea in language, philosophy and religion

A
  • Religion: Buddhism.
  • Philosophy: Confucianism.
  • Language: Chinese´s characters of writing.
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7
Q

Why was caligraphy an important art form in Heian?

A

Because they wanted the poems to look as beautiful as they sound, so they spent hours.

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8
Q

What is Noh?

A

A type of performance developed into more serious that combine music, speaking and dance.

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9
Q

Why did Heian become a center of culture?

A

Because the nobles of this court love beauty and elegance, so they become supporters od the arts.

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10
Q

What was the main reason that most early Japanese literature was written by women?

A

Because tha man only write in Chinese and the women write in Japanese language.

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11
Q

Why is Lady Murasaki Shikibu important?

A

Because she was one of the greatest writers in early Japanese history.

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12
Q

Who was a daimyo?

A

A Japan´s large landowner

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13
Q

Who was a samurai? What were two things that samurai couldn´t do?

A

A trained professional warrior that defend and protect the emperor and, served the daimyo and the shogun.
They wear light armor and they fight with swords and bows.
They couldn´t attend certain types of enterntainment and they couldn´t take part in trade or commerce.

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14
Q

What did samurai receive in return for their service?

A

Land,food andk money from the peasants.

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15
Q

What new form of Buddhism developed in Japan?

A

Zen

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16
Q

What was the difference between the emperor and the shogun?

A

A shogun is a general who rule Japan in the emperor´s name. A emperor is the figurehead for the shogun.

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17
Q

What was bushido and who was expected to live by its rule?

A

The samurai code of rules. Men and women from samurai families.

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18
Q

What samurai values are still admired in modern day Japan?

A

Loyalty, honor, dedication and discipline.

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19
Q

What help did the Japanese refer to the storms as kamikaze?

A

Huge storms.

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20
Q

Who finally reunified Japan about 1600?

A

Tokugawa Ieyasu

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21
Q

What caused the ruling shogun to close Japan off from the rest of the world in the 1630?

A

That some shoguns don´t follow Tokugawa like this contact of the world. Some feared that Japan and the shoguns would lose their power.

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22
Q

Why did Japanese refer to the storms as kamikaze?

A

They believed that the gods had sent the storms to protect them.

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23
Q

How did the Maya adapt and change their environment?

A
  • They cleared areas for farm
  • They use resources for bulding materials
  • They trade to obtain resources they didn´t have
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24
Q

Why is Maya civilization not considered an empire?

A

They didn´t have a central ruler

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25
Q

Why was blood significant in Maya religious beliefs and practices?

A

Because they need it to prevent disasters or the end of the world for their gods.

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26
Q

What advances did the Maya make in astronomy?

A

They built observatories and made or developed two calendars. Also, they determined the length of the year.

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27
Q

The ancient maya city of ____ was a major power

A

Palenque

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28
Q

___became king of the Maya when he was just 12 years old

A

Pacal

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29
Q

Maya civilization began to collapse in the AD___

A

900s

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30
Q

___was the capital of the Aztecs

A

Tenochtitlán

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31
Q

The aztecs created floated gardens called___

A

Chinampas

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32
Q

Aztec artisans used___, gems and___ to make jewelry and___

A

Gold, feathers and masks

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33
Q

Who conquered the Aztecs?

A

Hernán Cortés

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34
Q

Who was the Inca´s last emperor?

A

Atahualpa

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35
Q

Who conquered the Incas?

A

Francisco Pizarro

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36
Q

How did the visitors travel to and from Tenochtitlán?

A

By causeways

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37
Q

Who was Moctezuma II?

A

The aztec emperor

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38
Q

Define Quechua

A

The official Inca´s language

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39
Q

How did the Incas control their economy?

A

They distribute their goods collecting by mita, they collected a labor tax called mita.

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40
Q

Who came to the Americas to find land, gold and expand the Catholicism

A

The spanish conquistadors

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41
Q

It was connected by a road network of about 15,000 miles of roads.

A

The Inca Empire

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42
Q

Define Middle Ages, why is it called like that? What is another name given?

A
  • The Middle Ages is a period that lasted from 500 to 1500.
  • Its called like that because it falls between ancient times and modern times.
  • Also is called the Medieval Period
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43
Q

Who helped to convert the people to Christianity in Ireland?

A

Saint Patrick

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44
Q

The communities of monks are called….

A

Monasteries

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45
Q

Who were the Serfs?

A

Were workers who were tied to the land on which they lived.

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46
Q

What is the mission of the monks and where do they live?

A

To spread the religion. They live in monasteries

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47
Q

Who married with two kings?

A

Eleanor of Aquitaine

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48
Q

What is a knight?

A

A warrior who fought on horseback.

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49
Q

Who was the most important leader of the Franks?

A

Charlemagne.

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50
Q

Describe the feudalism

A

The feudalism is a system in whic the knights or the vassals defend the land of the noble. The nobles had to spend money for the knight´s weapons, armors and horses. They were paying fiefs. A noble who gave land to a knight is called a lord. A vassal is a knight who promised to support the noble in battle. Many manors were self-sufficient, meaning the produced most of the food and goods needed.

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51
Q

How were knights required to behave in the code of chivalry?

A

To be brave, loyal, humble and modest at the same time. Kind and generous, especially with the women

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52
Q

How were the feudal systemas of Europe and Japan similar?

A

In the feudal government, royalty, nobles, warriors, the code of honor or behavior and that in both, the peasant work in land. Also, the lord gave lands to people who promised to serve them and fight for them. These estates were farmed by peasants.

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53
Q

What means to be excommunicated? Who could do that and why were people afraid of this?

A

It means to cast out from the church. The pope or the bishops could do that and there were people afraid because it wouldn´t get into heaven.

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54
Q

In what region did many bishops not recognize the pope´s authority?

A

Eastern Europe

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55
Q

What decision created the permanent split within the church in the mid 1000s

A

The excommunicate of the Constantinople´s bishop, that he didn´t recognize the authority of Pope Leo IX Pope Leo IX decided to excommunicate that bishop. The Christians who agreed to the Constantinople´s bishop formed the Orthodox Church. The ones wo agreed with the pope became known as ROman Catholics.

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56
Q

What caused Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry´s IV power struggle? How was the problem solved?

A

That Pope Gregory disapproved a bishop chosen by Emperor Henry IV. So, Henry convinced Germans´bishop to remove him, but Gregory excommunicate Henry. The pope let him wait for three days bore foot in the snow outside of his castle.

In 1122, they both died

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57
Q

What is the Crusades?

A

A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia.

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58
Q

Where does the word crusades come from? What it means?

A

It comes from the Latin and it means marked with a cross.

59
Q

In which years did they take place?

A

1096-1204

60
Q

Who were the two most famous leaders of the Crusades?

A

Richard I of England, known as “Lion Heart” and the Muslim leader Saladin.

61
Q

Who lost the Crusades and why?

A

The christians. Because they were outnumbered, they fight against a well organized Muslim force and the Crhistians leaders fought among themselves and planned poorly.

62
Q

Similaries and differences between Monks and Friars

A
  • The monks live apart from the people, they built monasteries; they collected,stored and copied Christian texts. The friars live among the people, they don´t have a property and they preached and begged
  • Both were unhappy with politic in church and they were members of a religious order.
63
Q

Why and, by who were the firste universities created?

A

The church created some to teach religion; other universities were created by students who wanted to learn about the world.

64
Q

Where was it signed the Magna Carta?

A

In Runnymede(near London), England

65
Q

By who was created the Magna Carta?

A

By a group of nobles

66
Q

In which year the Magna Carta was created?

A

1215

67
Q

Why was the signing of Magna Carta so important?

A

Because it inspired the English to find more ways to limit the king’s power

68
Q

Tell about the Black Death

A

It´s a deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351. This disease is carry some forms of plagues that are in the rats. This disease could spread from one person to another, by the air. This disease killed around 25 milions of people in Europe.

69
Q

What was the Hundred Years´War?

A

A long conflict between England and France

70
Q

Who was Joan of Arc?

A

A teenage peasant girl who rallied the French troops

71
Q

What is a heresy?

A

A religious idea that oppose the church teachings

72
Q

What represented the Reconquista?

A

The efforts to retake Spain from the Muslim Moors

73
Q

Who finally brought and end to the Reconquista?

A

Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand

74
Q

Queen Isabella helped pay for the trasatlantic voyages of___

A

Cristopher Columbus

75
Q

What was the last Muslim stronghold in Spain?

A

Granada

76
Q

What was the purpose of the Spanish Inquisition?

A

To be the Christian religion the one who predominate in Spain.

77
Q

What three groups were punished for their beliefs in the Middle Ages?

A

The heretics, Muslims and Jews

78
Q

Define the Renaissance and where did it start?

A

It means to rebirth and it started in Italy

79
Q

Which four cities become trading centers during the Renaissance?

A

Florence, Genoa, Milan and Venice

80
Q

Which powerful Italian family had a big impact during the Renaissance? How it become so rich?

A

The Medici´s family, they were the greatest bankers in Florence.

81
Q

What does a Renaissance person mean?

A

It´s someone who could do practically anything well

82
Q

Name the two people who are each considered a Renaissance person?

A

Michelangelo and Leonardo Da Vinci

83
Q

What did Michelangelo and Da Vinci do?

A
  • Michelangelo made the statue of David and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican
  • Da Vinci painted the Monalisa
84
Q

What mathematical symbols were created during the Renaissance?

A

Square root and, positive and negative numbers

85
Q

Who was Petrarch?

A

A Renaissance scholar

86
Q

What was the Reformation?

A

A reform movement against the Roman Catholic Church

87
Q

What was the sale of the indulgences?

A

It is the sale of a document that excused a person from penalties that he/she had committed.

88
Q

What is the official name of Martin Luther´s list of complaints? Where did he display the list?

A

The Ninety-Five Theses. In Germany

89
Q

Who translated the Bible´s New Testament in German?

A

Martin Luther

90
Q

Who was William Tyndale and why did he die?

A

An English professor who was executed from the Catholic authorities’ orders because he believed that everyone should be able to read and interpret the Bible, so he translated it in English.

91
Q

Why did the Reformation happened in England and what is the name of the new church?

A

Because the King of England, Henry VIII, asked the pope to officially end his marriage, but the pope refused. Angry, the king declared himself the head of the new church: the Church of England, or the Anglican Church.

92
Q

What does science means?

A

Knowledge

93
Q

What hoped to turn common metals into gold?

A

Alchemy

94
Q

The first person to study the ski witha a telescope was…..

A

Galileo Galilei

95
Q

Who said that the rainbow is made of all the colors?

A

Isaac Newton

96
Q

Who circumnavigated the world for the first time?

A

Ferdinand Magellan

97
Q

Where the tomatoes,potatoes,bread and cheese originally from?

A

America

98
Q

What two reasons prompted Europeans to explore in the 1400s?

A

They want to trade with Asia to get their spices and to spread their religion

99
Q

Which were the four European countries that lead explorations in the period 1487-1580?

A

Portugal, France, Spain and England

100
Q

What is the Columbian exchange?

A

The exchange of plants, animals and ideas between the New World and the Old World.

101
Q

What was the main economic policy in Europe between 1500 and 1800?

A

The Mercantilism. It was a system in which the government controlls all economic activity in a country and its colonies to make stronger and richer their government.

102
Q

What was the Enlightenment?

A

Is the use of reason in guiding peoplés thoughts about philoshopy, society and politics

103
Q

What does it mean to be secular?

A

Non-religious

104
Q

How did Voltaire feel about censorship?

A

He disapproved that, but he will defend the right or the freedom

105
Q

Ideas of Locke

A

The government should protect the natural rights of the people. Liberty, property and liberty.

106
Q

Ideas of Montesquieu

A

The government should be separated in branches. Executive, legislative and judicial power.

107
Q

Ideas of Rousseau

A

A social contract between the people and the government.

108
Q

Ideas of Voltaire

A

A separation between the church and the government.

109
Q

Who was Oliver Cromwell?

A

The leader of Parliament’s struggle against the monarchy, and dictator of Britain for a while.

110
Q

Tell about the English Bill of Rights

A

It was signed in 1689, in England. William of Orange and his wife, Mary, signed it. This was becauses it has the principles of Magna Carta, in which is limited the ruler´s power and recognize some rights for the people

111
Q

Tell about the Declaration of Independence

A

It was wrote in 1776, in England, by Thomas Jefferson

112
Q

Who is the main author of the United States´ Constitution?

A

James Madison

113
Q

FRENCH REVOLUTION:

  • How was the french society divided?
  • Who was the royal family?
  • Where did the royal family live?
  • Who made up the National Assembly?
  • What were the two biggest problems of France?
  • What event marked the beginning of the French Revolution?
  • What is the name of the constitution and who wrote it?
  • How did Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette die?
  • What was the Reign of Terror?
A
  • 1st estate: the clergy (paid no taxes),2nd estate: the nobles (had the best jobs and paid few taxes),3rd estate: the common people (98% of the population
  • King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
  • In the palace of Versailles.
  • The 3 Estate
  • Famine and debt.
  • When amob sotrmed the Bastille´s prison, took guns and freed the prisoners, also the guards were forced to surrend
  • Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The National Assembly
  • They were executed
  • A period in where the people were executed with the guillotine
114
Q

What changes did Napoleon made in the government?

A
  • Public education system
  • Central banking law for all men
  • Trial by jury
  • Freedom of religion
  • The Napoleonic Code
115
Q

What enemy couldn´t defeat Napoleon in 1805? What happened after this defeat until his death?

A

In 1805, at the battle of Trafalgar, off the coast of Spain, the French fleet was destroyed by the British navy. In revenge, Napoleon ordered all nations to stop trading with Great Britain. Russia though, did not listen to this, so in response Napoleon invaded Russia, but he lost again.
Austria, Great Britain, Prussia, and Russia joined together to defeat the French. In 1814 they captured Paris, and forced Napoleon to give up power and leave France. A year later, Napoleon came back and raised a new army. He was defeated again by the British and Prussians in the battle of Waterloo in Belgium, 1815.
He was sent away by the allies to a small island in the Atlantic, where he died 6 years later.

116
Q

What was the Congress of Vienna?

A

European representatives met in Vienna to draw up a peace settlement after Napoleon’s defeat.

117
Q

What is the difference between conservatism and liberalism?

A

Conservatism is movement to prevent the old social order and government. The liberalism is a movement for individuals rights and liberties.

118
Q

What was the first colony in Latin América to gain independence?

A

Haiti, in 1804, under Toussaint L’Ouverture, a freed slave.

119
Q

Where and when did the Industrial Revolution begin?

A

England. 1700

120
Q

Who invented the steam engine? When?

A

James Watt. 1769

121
Q

What were some transportation and communication advances during the Industrial Revolution?

A

Steamships, steam-powered and the telegraph

122
Q

What is the main difference between capitalims and socialism?

A

The capitalism is a system in which the government stay out of business matters. The socialism is a social system in which business is owned by the workers or tbe government.

123
Q

What is the imperialism and what 3 factors caused increased imperialism in 1800s?

A

Is the control of a country by another one.

  • The needed of raw materials for their factories
  • The increase of nation´s power
  • To demostrate the superiority
124
Q

Why was the Panama Canal an important trade route?

A

Because it shortened the sea route from New York to San Francisco. This made the shipment of goods must cheaper and faster.

125
Q

What were the main causes of the World War I?

A

Tensions between Austria-Hungary and Serbia, assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, the alliance system.

126
Q

In which year was Francis Ferdinand assassinated?

A

1914

127
Q

Who were the Central Powers, also known as the Triple Alliance?

A

Austria-Hungary, Germany and Italy

128
Q

Who were the Allies, also known as the Triple Entente?

A

Great Britain, France and Russia

129
Q

Who struck the first blow? Who was attacked?

A

Germany sent a large army into Belgium and France

130
Q

Why did the U.S. join the war?

A

Because Germany ignored U.S. warning on not attacking with the submarines the unarmed British ships.

131
Q

When did the Russians pull out? Why?

A

In 1917, because they were exhausted

132
Q

Explain the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations.

A

After the war, leaders of the Allies met at Versailles, near Paris, to discuss peace terms. U.S. president Woodrow Wilson proposed a plan intended to promote democracy and prevent future wars. One of his ideas was to create League of Nations, an organization where countries would try to solve their problems peacefully.

133
Q

How was Germany punished?

A
  • Forced to accept blame for starting the war
  • Had to slash the size of its army
  • Give up its colonies
  • Pay for war damages
134
Q

What were some complaints after the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  • Germany thought it was too harsh
  • Not all nationalities got their own nation
  • Some countries resented losing land
135
Q

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

  • In which year did the Russian Revolution occur?
  • Who led the revoultion?
  • Who were the bolsheviks?
  • Name the world´s first communist state?
A
  • 1917
  • Vladimir Lenin
  • Communist´s supporters
  • Soviet Union
136
Q

When did the World War II happened?

A

1939-1945

137
Q

Tell the Axis Powers and the Allies

A
  • Axis Powers: Germany, Italy and Japan

- Allies: Great Britain, US, France and Soviet Union

138
Q

Which leaders became dictators, and which countries did they rule?

A

Adolf Hitler, Germany

Benito Mussolini, Italy

139
Q

What was the Holocaust?

A

An attempt by the Nazis to wipe out Jewish people.

140
Q

How did the war against Japan end?

A

The U. S. dropped two powerful atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

141
Q

Why was the United Nations started?

A

As a means to prevent world war and to solve the future problems peacefully.

142
Q

What was the Cold War?

A

A period of intense rivalry between The United States and the Soviet Union, but no direct fighting.

143
Q

Who established the communist government in China? When?

A

Mao Zedong in 1949

144
Q

In what way is terrorism unlike a war between nations?

A

Terrorism is the criminal activity of a group that works against a particular government, unlike a war, which is a conflict between nations.

PCIS Exámenes Verano 8 (2 decks)

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