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Social Studies 4 > Social Studies 4 Words > Flashcards

Social Studies 4 Words Flashcards

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1
Q

accommodation

A

a place to live and work

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2
Q

aerobic

A

exercises designed to improve respiration and circulation, for example running

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3
Q

agriculture

A

the practice of farming to grow crops or to rear animals

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4
Q

appliance

A

items such as washing machines or mincrowaves that help people to live more comfortablely

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5
Q

aquifer

A

an area of rock which is able to contain water underground

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6
Q

artisanal

A

a business that is carried out on a small scale, such as fishing by local fishermen

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7
Q

axis

A

on a graph or chart, a fixed line against which the positions of points are measured

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8
Q

bauxite

A

soft mineral used to make aluminium

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9
Q

BCE

A

an abbreviation for ‘Before the Common Era’, part of a year numbering system which uses the beginning of the life of Jesus Christ as a reference point. BCE applies to all the years before this point

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10
Q

billboard

A

a large board on the outside of a building or at the side of a road used for advertising

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11
Q

borders

A

lines marking the limits of the area covered by a country, as shown on maps

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12
Q

caliph

A

a religious and political leader in early Islam

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13
Q

caliphate

A

the state ruled by a caliph

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14
Q

capital city

A

the place where the government of a country is localted. Capital cities usually have the largest population in a country

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15
Q

caravan

A

a group of people travelling together, possibly as traders or pilgrims,, sometimes using camels or pack animals

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16
Q

CE

A

an abbreviation for ‘Common Era’, part of a year-numbering system which uses the beginning of the life of Jesus Christ as a reference point. The Common Era begins from this point

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17
Q

charcoal

A

a fuel made by burning wood slowly in an oven with little air

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18
Q

city state

A

a large town and all its surrounding territory, under the control of a single ruler or group

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19
Q

civilisation

A

a culture that has become quite complex and has developed areas such as the arts, maths and science

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20
Q

clot

A

to thicken and become solid

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21
Q

cohesion

A

the act of being united, often used when talking about groups of people in a community or society

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22
Q

commerce

A

the activity of buying and selling, especially on a large scale

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23
Q

commodities

A

items that can be traded, for example in historical times incense, spices, silk

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24
Q

compass rose

A

a design on a map showing compass directions

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25
Q

constitution

A

a legal document laying down all principles and ideas that guide other laws within a country

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26
Q

cosmetics

A

beauty products, such as lipstick

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27
Q

counciil

A

a group of people who meet to discuss issues and make decisions about action that should be taken

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28
Q

current affairs

A

events in government or in society that are happening at the present time and are often discussed in the media

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29
Q

customs

A

an accepted way of behaving or doing thibgs in a culture or society

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30
Q

democracy

A

a system where the government is elected by the people of a country

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31
Q

desalination

A

the precess of removing salt from sea water

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32
Q

digital signboard

A

electronic notices often used in busy public places such as airports where information needs to be updated

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33
Q

domestic trade

A

exchange of goods within the borders of a particular country

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34
Q

e-commerce

A

trading carried out on the internet

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35
Q

embroidered

A

decorated with beautiful and often complicated sewn patterns

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36
Q

engineer

A

a person whose job is to design and build machines, engines, roads or bridges

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37
Q

evaluation

A

a reasoned judgment about the quality of something

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38
Q

evaporate

A

to turn from liquid into a gas

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39
Q

expenditure

A

an amount of money spent

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40
Q

exports

A

goods sold from one country to another

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41
Q

extraction industries

A

the industries involved in taking materials out of the Earth

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42
Q

fertilisers

A

substances added to soil to make plants grow more successfully

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43
Q

fibreglass

A

a strong, light material made from glass fibres and plastic, used for making boats, etc

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44
Q

bas liquefaction

A

the process of turning a gas into a liquid

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45
Q

gem

A

a precious or semi-precious stone

46
Q

geologist

A

a scientist who studies the Earth, including the origin and history of the rocks and soil of which the Earth is made

47
Q

goods

A

physical items produced by human activity to meet people’s needs

48
Q

governorate

A

administrative division of a country ruled by a governor

49
Q

grazing

A

a description of animals that eat grass and other plants in an area of land

50
Q

groundwater

A

water stored beneath the Earth’s surface in the spaces within soil and rock

51
Q

grarantee

A

a promise that certain things will happen

52
Q

gypsum

A

a soft grey mineral used in fertilisers and in the building industry

53
Q

habitat

A

the place where a particular type of plant or animal is found

54
Q

heritage

A

the traditions, beliefs and achievements that are in the history of a people or country

55
Q

immunisation

A

protection from a disease, especially by giving an injection of a vaccine

56
Q

imports

A

goods bought by one country from another

57
Q

independent

A

when countries have their own government

58
Q

institution

A

an organisation which has a specific purpose such as education or the law

59
Q

international trade

A

exchange of goods between one country and another

60
Q

interpersonal

A

related to relationships between people

61
Q

interval

A

in graphs or charts, the space between two points on an axis

62
Q

invest

A

to put money into something, for example a company or business, in the hope of making a profit

63
Q

key

A

a tale explaining the symbols used on a map

64
Q

legumes

A

plants with seeds in long pods, for example peas, beans

65
Q

livestock

A

animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce meat or other products

66
Q

marginal

A

on the edge or ‘in the margin’ of a map or a page

67
Q

marine

A

related to the sea

68
Q

medicinal

A

a substance that has properties which are helpful to treat illness or infection

69
Q

migrate

A

to movepermanently from one place to another

70
Q

ministry

A

a department within government that looks after a particular area, such as health or education

71
Q

monarchy

A

in a monarchy a single person, the monarch, has ultimate power

72
Q

motto

A

a short phrase that sums up the ideas or principles of an organisation or country

73
Q

municipal authority

A

a government body with certain powers within a town or municipal area

74
Q

municipality

A

a town or city with its own local government

75
Q

nomadic

A

communities who move from place to place with their animals

76
Q

non-renewable

A

resources that can be used on once, for example gas or coal

77
Q

offshore

A

situated at sea

78
Q

policies

A

a plan of action agreed or chosen by a government

79
Q

population

A

the total number of people living in an area

80
Q

post

A

to put information or other material on a website

81
Q

precipitation

A

the different forms in chich water falls to the ground from the sky. Water can fall as rain, snow or hail

82
Q

principles

A

a rule or belief that helps to identify what is right or wrong and that guides actions and behaviour

83
Q

profile

A

on a computer, a visual display of personal information

84
Q

public sector

A

part of the economy controlled and operated by the state

85
Q

raw materials

A

basic materials from which others are made

86
Q

rejuvenate

A

to become full of energy

87
Q

relief (on a map)

A

the use of colurs and lines to show heights of hills, valleys, etc

88
Q

republic

A

a system in which people elected by citizens of a country have authority to rule

89
Q

retailer

A

a trader who buys quantities of goods from a supplier and sells smaller quantities on to customers, usually in a store or supermarket

90
Q

sanitation

A

the process of keeping places and people clean and free from dirt and infection through good hygiene and the removal of waste

91
Q

scale

A

on a map, scale refers to the relationship between a measurement on the map and a measurement in real life on the surface of the Earth

92
Q

sector

A

an area of the economy where industries are involved in a particular range of activities

93
Q

services

A

in the economy, services involve doing something for customers but not producing goods

94
Q

sharia law

A

the legal system of Islam

95
Q

sightseeing

A

visiting places of interest

96
Q

society

A

people living together in an organised community who share traditions, values and laws

97
Q

statistics

A

information such as data or facts shown in the form of numbers

98
Q

sustainability

A

using natural resources in a way that does not harm the environment

99
Q

technology

A

machinery and other devices developed for helping in human activities

100
Q

terrain

A

the physical features over an area of land

101
Q

textiles

A

cloth or woven fabric

102
Q

tooth decay

A

damage to the teeth caused by poor hygiene or diet

103
Q

tourists

A

people travelling and visiting places for pleasure

104
Q

traditions

A

customs and beliefs developed by a society and handed down through different generations

105
Q

transactions

A

business agreements between people for the exchange of goods and services

106
Q

urban

A

relating to a town or city

107
Q

values

A

the thigs in life that people think are important, for example kindness, honesty, respect

108
Q

vulnerable

A

weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally

109
Q

water table

A

the level at and below which water is found in the ground

110
Q

welfare

A

a preson’s health, happiness and safety

111
Q

wholesalers

A

traders who buy very large quantities of goods, from manufacturers or suppliers of raw materials including foods

Social Studies 4 (2 decks)

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