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English > Social Studies > Flashcards

Social Studies Flashcards

1
Q

Prohibition

A

ban on manufacture and sale of alcohol in the U.S. from 1920 to 1933

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2
Q

Marie Curie

A

groundbreaking work on radioactivity; fields of physics and chemistry; 1st women to win Nobel Prize; died from exposure to radioactive materials

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3
Q

Albert Einstein

A

theories of relativity, winning Nobel Prize for Physics; used in creation of the atomic bomb; most influential physicist of the 20th Century

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4
Q

Harlem Renaissance

A

African American cultural movement in the 20s and 30s, centered in Harlem

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5
Q

Maginot Line

A

massive fortifications built by the French along their border with Germany in the 30s to protect against invasion

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6
Q

Disarmament

A

reduction of armed forces and weapons

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7
Q

General Strike

A

strike by workers in many different industries at the same time

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8
Q

Federal Reserve

A

central banking system of the United States, which regulate banks

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9
Q

Great Depression

A

painful time of global economic collapse, starting in 1929 and lasting until about 1939

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10
Q

Franklin D. Roosevelt

A

longest serving president; elected 4 times; 1st term focused on getting U.S. out of the Great Depression - massive economic and social programs called the New Deal; 3rd Term - Pearl Harbor bombed by the Japanese and entered WWII; died during his 4th term

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11
Q

New Deal

A

massive package of economic and social programs established by Roosevelt to help Americans during the Great Depression

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12
Q

Benito Mussolini

A

formed the Fascist party in Italy after returning from WWI; used terror and fear tactics with the Black Shirts; ruled Italy as a totalitarian state: invaded Ethiopia in 1935; made an alliance with Hitler and with Japan fought against the Allies in WWII

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13
Q

Black Shirt

A

member of the militant combat squads of Italian Fascists set up under Mussolini

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14
Q

March on Rome

A

planned march of thousands of Fascist supporters to take control of Rome; in response Mussolini was given the legal right to control Italy

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15
Q

Totalitarian state

A

government in which a one-party dictatorship regulates every aspect of citizen’s lives

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16
Q

Fascism

A

centralized, authoritarian government system that is not communist, whose policies glorify the state over the individual and are destructive to basic human rights

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17
Q

Command Economy

A

system in which government officials make all basic economic decisions

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18
Q

Kulak

A

wealthy peasant in the Soviet Union in the late 1930’s

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19
Q

Gulag

A

Soviet Union; a system of forced labor camps in which millions of criminals and political prisoners were held under Stalin

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20
Q

Boris Pasternak

A

novel Doctor Zhivago; Nobel Prize for Literature 1958; expelled from the Union of Writers; literary masterpiece banned in the Soviet Union until the mid-1980s

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21
Q

Russification

A

Stalin’s policy of imposing Russian culture on the Soviet Union

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22
Q

Atheism

A

belief there is no god

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23
Q

Comintern

A

Communist International: international association of communist parties led by the Soviet Union for the purpose of encouraging worldwide communist revolution

24
Q

Chancellor

A

highest official of a monarch, prime minister

25
Q

Ruhr Valley

A

coal-rich industrial region of Germany

26
Q

Adolf Hitler

A

Chancellor of Germany 33-45; dictator of Nazi Germany from 34 - 45; transformed the Weimar Republic into the Third Reich; establish a “New Order” and create more “living space” for the superior Aryan race; invaded neighboring nations - led to WWII; Germany faced defeat in 1945, Hitler committed suicide to avoid capture by the Soviets

27
Q

Third Reich

A

official name of the Nazi party for its regime in Germany; power from 33 - 45

28
Q

Gestapo

A

secret police in Nazi Germany

29
Q

Nuremberg Laws

A

laws approved by the Nazi Party in 35, depriving Jews of German citizenship and taking some rights away from them

30
Q

Appeasement

A

policy of giving into an aggressor’s demands in order to keep the peace

31
Q

Axis Powers

A

group of countries led by Germany, Italy, and Japan that fought the Allies in WWII

31
Q

Pacifism

A

opposition to all war

32
Q

Winston Churchill

A

Prime Minister of British Empire in 1940; proclaimed threats posed by Nazi Germany, his determination persuaded the country to defend itself against an encroaching enemy

33
Q

Nazi-Soviet Pact

A

agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939 in which the two nations promised not to fight each other and to divide up land in Eastern Europe

34
Q

Blitzkrieg

A

lightning war

35
Q

Luftwaffe

A

German air force

36
Q

Dunkirk

A

port in France from which 300,000 Allied troops were evacuated when their retreat by land was cut off by the German advance in 1940

37
Q

Erwin Rommel

A

career military officer; Hitler’s most successful generals; took his own life after a failed attempt to assassinate Hitler

38
Q

Lend-Lease Act

A

act passed by the U.S. Congress in 41 that allowed the president (FDR) to sell or lend war supplies to any country whose defense was considered vital to the U.S.

39
Q

Hideki Tojo

A

general of the Imperial Japanese Army and the 40th Prime Minister of Japan during most of WWII from 41 - 45; directly responsible for Pearl Harbor; arrested and sentenced to death for Japanese war crimes

40
Q

Concentration Camp

A

detention center for civilians considered enemies of the state

41
Q

Holocaust

A

systematic genocide of about six million European Jews by the Nazis in WWII

42
Q

Crematorium

A

place used to burn corpses

43
Q

Auschwitz

A

group of 3 German concentration camps and extermination camps in southern Poland; built and operated during the Third Reich

44
Q

V-E Day

A

Victory in Europe Day, May 8 1945; the day the Allies won WWII in Europe

45
Q

Bataan Death March

A

during WWII, the forced march of Filipino and American prisoners of war under brutal conditions by the Japanese military

46
Q

“Island hopping”

A

WWII; Allied strategy of recapturing some Japanese held islands while bypassing others

47
Q

Douglas MacArthur

A

led Allied assaults in the SW Pacific; commanded troops in WWI and Korean War; general and army chief of staff during the Depression

48
Q

Kamikaze

A

Japanese pilot who undertook a suicide mission

49
Q

Manhattan Project

A

code name for project to build the first atomic bomb during WWII

50
Q

Harry Truman

A

VP when Roosevelt died; made decision to drop Atomic bombs

51
Q

Hiroshima

A

Japanese city, 1st Atomic Bomb dropped - over 140,000 killed, Little Boy; August 6th

52
Q

Nagasaki

A

Japanese city; 2nd Atomic Bomb dropped - over 40,000 killed; Fat Man Bomb; August 9th

53
Q

Nuremberg Trials

A

series of war crimes trials held in Germany after WWII

54
Q

United Nations (UN)

A

international organization formed in 45 at the end of WWII; global role has expanded to include economic and social development, human rights, humanitarian aid, and international law

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