Social structure Flashcards
The way in which components parts such as statuses, role, values, norms, beliefs, and behavior patterns are arranged, interrelated and organized into a whole system.
Social Structure
Skeleton or frame in which culture of society are arranged, classified, and organized into a whole interconnected system.
Social Structure
______________ through which a society is organized.
TYPES OF SOCIAL STRUCTURE:
- Social relationships + physical and social characteristics of communities to which individuals belong.
- Example: social networks like PTA, boy/girl scouts, etc.
Horizontal
TYPES OF SOCIAL STRUCTURE:
- Also known as “social inequality”
- Ways in which a group/society ranks people in a “hierarchy”, with some people more “equal” than others.
VERTICAL
- Root causes lie in the social
structure and culture of a society. - Problems affecting many individuals
Public issues
- Problems affecting individuals that the society and the individual blame on the individual.
- Example: unemployment, obesity, addiction
Personal troubles
This is the ability to appreciate the structural basis for individual problems.
Sociological imagination
SCALES OF SOCIAL STRUCTURES:
- Individual
- Has status and roles for the individuals.
Micro
Responsibilities and benefits
that a person experiences based on
their rank and role in society.
Status
Patterns of behavior representative of the person’s social status.
Roles
SCALES OF SOCIAL STRUCTURES:
- Families, peers, social support groups, social networks.
- The individual and their social groups.
Meso
- Two or more people with regular
interaction - Based on mutual expectations,
obligations, and shared identity.
Group
The totality of relationships that link us to other people and groups, and through them to other people and groups.
Social Network
SCALES OF SOCIAL STRUCTURES:
- Organizations, social institutions, society.
- Consist of large groups of people.
Macro
A large group with specific norms and values to achieve specific goals and tasks.
Organization/s
“Structures” and “mechanisms” of social order and cooperation governing the behavior of individuals within a
given human collective.
Social Institutions
Social Institution is identified with _______ (1) and _______ (2) transcending individual lives and intentions by enforcing rules that govern operative behavior.
- Social purpose
- Permanence
Social institutions act as __________ that teach individuals to conform to their norms.
Forces of socialization
A group or society’s definition of the way a specific role is supposed to be played
Role expectation
How an individual plays a role in an actual situation
Role performance
Incompatible role demands in place in one individual or by 2 or more status held at the same time
Role conflict
Difficulty in meeting the demands of the role
Role strain
Created with the intention of governing human behavior.
- E.g. school and workplaces
Formal
Not overtly designed to regulate behavior and conduct but through socialization that seeks to conform to communal standards.
Informal
- Considered as an institution, but it is
very abstract. - Placed under the informal type of
social institutions.
Marriage
Institutions tend to appear to people in society as something that is a _______ (1) and ________ (2) part of their
lives.
- natural
- unchanging
sociological studies have defined social
institutions as what?
Social construction
Interlocking social roles and expectations
Used by sociology to analyze social institutions
Social institutions are created and defined by their own creation of social roles for their members.
Social construct
This is the fulfillment of the assigned roles
Structural-functionalism or functionalist
theory
Social institutions contribute to social
inequality
Conflict
Merton’s functions of social institutions view social institutions from a ________.
Functional perspective
- Intended functions of an institution
- Usually anticipated consequences
Manifest function
- Unintended functions of an institution
- Consequences can be beneficial, neutral or harmful
Latent function
Social processes with undesirable consequences for the operation of a society
Dysfunctions
Process of embedding a concept, social role, value or
logic within an organization, social system or society
- E.g. 4P’s
Institutionalization
- Universal
- Basic institution in all societies and a
significant element of human social life - Serves as a link between the individual and the larger society
- Most demanding institution of a Filipino’s interest and loyalty
Family
Adjusts to the social conditions
emanating from the larger society
Adaptive institution
Organized structure where children of a
society are taught basic academic knowledge
Education
- Composed of a specific group of people
that controls the state at a given time - Through which state power is used
Government
Organized political community acting under a government.
State
Government and state have a relationship based on power called _______
Politics
Being socially recognized;
approved use of power.
Legitimacy
A system of production, distribution and
consumption inseparable from social and political systems.
Economy
Capital and means of production are
controlled by private entities
Capitalism
Global distribution of the production of goods and services through the reduction of barriers to international trades such as tariffs, export fees, and import quotas;
Economic Globalization
Collection of cultural values, practices, belief systems and worldviews that relate humanity to spirituality and moral values.
Religion
All print, digital and electronic means of
communication (TV, radio, newspapers) and influence large numbers of people.
Mass media
Organized structure that seeks to prevent,
diagnose and treat illness, as well as to promote good health and well-being.
Health care
Most complex macrostructure
Societies
- Information is passed by genes through
reproduction of humans. - Information is passed through the
genetic level first.
Genetic
This approach says that technological progress is the most basic factor in evolution of human societies.
Gerard Lenski’s sociological evolution approach
Umbrella term for theories of cultural evolution and social evolution.
Sociocultural or sociological evolution
What are the Four Stages of Human Development?
- Genetic
- Individual
- Signs
- Symbols and Language
Information is passed through
individual experience.
Individual
Humans then begin to use signs and
develop logic.
Signs
Humans were led to the creation of
symbols and to develop language and
writing.
Symbols and Language
○ Also known as information or digital societies.
○ Based on production of information and
services.
○ Built on technology and non-material goods
Post-industrialist
○ Based on production of material goods.
○ Was formed after the enlightenment and the industrial revolution.
○ Characterized by economists built on
mechanized labor, greater profits, and greater social mobility.
Industrial
When transmission and the types of technology that humans have becomes more complex, from the cellular level up to the level of large groups (called societies)… what occurs
Evolution or human development occurs
