Social Sciences Flashcards
1
Q
Which war was an extension of the European Seven Years War?
A
The French and Indian War
2
Q
What was the French and Indian War a battle over?
A
Colonial territory and wealth by the French and English
3
Q
What did the French and Indian War result in?
A
Effectively ending French cultural and political influence in North America
4
Q
Who won the French and Indian War?
A
England
5
Q
For England, what were two positive things that came from the French and Indian War?
A
England gained massive amounts of land and strengthened their hold on the colonies
6
Q
For England, what negative came from the French and Indian War?q
A
England’s relationship with the Native Americans worsened
7
Q
What war did the French and Indian War inevitably lead to?
A
The Revolutionary War
8
Q
The Revolutionary War was also known as what?
A
The American War of Independence
9
Q
The American Revolutionary War resulted in what?
A
The signing of the Treaty of Paris
10
Q
What did the Treaty of Paris recognize?
A
The sovereignty of the United States
11
Q
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
A
Thomas Jefferson
12
Q
What was the conflict between the North and South that lead to the Civil War?
A
11 southern states wanted to secede from the Union
13
Q
At the end of the Civil war, what was strengthened?
A
The role of the federal government
14
Q
The First World War was initiated by a conflict between which two countries?
A
Austria-Hungary and Serbia
15
Q
The Allied Powers were also referred to as:
A
Entente Powers
16
Q
World War I was a conflict between:
A
The Allied Powers and the Central Powers
17
Q
Which Powers were victorious in WWI?
A
The Allied Powers
18
Q
In WWII, what were the two opposing Powers?
A
The Allied Powers and the Axis Powers
19
Q
What resulted in the US’s involvement in WWII?
A
The attack on Pearl Harbor
20
Q
Who won WWII?
A
The Allies
21
Q
After WWII, what two countries emerged as the world’s superpowers?
A
The US and the USSR
22
Q
Which war happened as a result of WWII?
A
The Cold War
23
Q
What was created in an effort to prevent further global conflicts during the Cold War?
A
The United Nations
24
Q
The Korean War was caused by what?
A
WWII
25
How was Korea divided during the Korean War?
Communist North and American-occupied South
26
When the US came to South Korea's aid during the Korean War, were they of any help?
No
27
How did the Korean War end?
A signing of a peace treaty at Panmunjom and with Korea remaining divided
28
Who was the Vietnam War between?
Communist North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam
29
What amendment was in response to the anti-war movement (during the Vietnam War) to keep the US out of it?
Case-Church Amendment
30
What marked the end of the Vietnam War and the beginning of a reunified Korea under communist rule?
Fall of Saigon
31
What is the Persian Gulf War also known as?
The Gulf War
32
The Persian Gulf War was authorized by:
The United Nations
33
Who was the Persian Gulf War a fight between?
Between Iraq and a coalition of 34 nations
34
What was the purpose of the Persian Gulf War?
To liberate Kuwait and expel Iraqi forces
35
What was the name of the US land and air operations involved in the Gulf War effort?
Operation Desert Storm
36
Who was the King of Macedonia in 336 B.C.?
Alexander the Great
37
First astronomer to place the sun at the center of the universe?
Nicolaus Copernicus
38
English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian known for defining gravity and the laws of motion
Isaac Newton
39
Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer and philosopher responsible for the birth of modern science
Galileo Galilei
40
British Enlightenment writer whose ideas influenced the Declaration of Independence, state constitutions, and the US Constitution; believed that people are born free with certain natural rights including the right to life, liberty, and property
John Locke
41
Third president of the US; considered one of the Founding Fathers of the US. He was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and played a role in the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clarke Expedition
Thomas Jefferson
42
True or false: the defeat of the Axis Powers in WWII led to the emerging of the two world superpowers and inevitably the Cold War
True
43
The _______________ War led to the start of the American Revolutionary War.
French and Indian
44
True or false: Christopher Columbus discovered the New World
False; the Vikings and Native Americans did
45
Made four voyages to the West Indies and Caribbean Islands
Christopher Columbus
46
Sailed to the West Indies and South America
Amerigo Vespucci
47
Explored the shores of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Labrador
John Cabot
48
First to travel to the West Indies around Africa's Cape of Good Hope
Vasco de Gama
49
Led expedition across Panama and found the Pacific Ocean
Vasco de Balboa
50
Explored Florida looking for the Fountain of Youth
Juan Ponce de Leon
51
Circumnavigated the globe with five ships and 270 men
Ferdinand Magellan
52
Conquered Aztecs in Mexico
Hernando Cortez
53
Conquered Peru
Francisco Pizarro
54
Traveled the St. Lawrence River
Jacques Cartier
55
Explored American Southeast; discovered the Mississippi River
Hernando De Soto
56
Explored American Southwest
Francisco Vazquez de Coronado
57
First Englishman to sail around the world; defeated the Spanish Armada; claimed California for England
Sir Frances Drake
58
Columbus made ____ voyages in an effort to find a route to the East.
Four (4)
59
He explored the eastern coast of North America and the coast of the St. Lawrence River to Lake Huron; reached Lake Champlain
Samuel de Champlain
60
Explored Hudson Bay, Hudson River, and Hudson Strait
Henry Hudson
61
True or false: John Cabot traveled around the Cape of Good Hope to reach the West Indies
False: it was Vasco de Gama
62
Who explored Florida in search of the Fountain of Youth?
Juan Ponce de Leon
63
Hernando de Soto explored the present day American Southeast and discovered the __________ River.
Mississippi
64
True or false: Juan Ponce de Leon discovered Florida
False
65
True or false: Florida became the 17th state in the union in 1845
False; it became the 27th state to join the union in 1845
66
Florida was inhabited by __________ prior to it'd later discovery by Europeans.
Native American tribes
67
Who named Florida in 1513?
Juan Ponce de Leon
68
Who established settlements in Florida during the 1500s and 1600s?
The English, Spanish, and French
69
The English, Spanish, and French established settlements in Florida when?
During the 1500s and 1600s
70
__________, founded by the Spanish, came to serve as the capital of the British (East) and Spanish (West) colonies of Florida
St. Augustine
71
How did Britain try to develop Florida?
Through the importation of immigrants for labor
72
Spain regained control of Florida after what?
The American Revolutionary War
73
What happened to Florida's economy during WWII?
It was adversely affected
74
What was Florida's land like prior to the Great Depression of the 1930's?
It was intensely developed
75
__________ can be defined as the study of the Earth's surface, atmosphere, and people
Geography
76
How many essential elements of geography are there?
6
77
What is the first essential element of geography?
1. The world in spatial terms
78
The world in spatial terms refers to __________?
Location
79
What references the organization of people and places on Earth?
Spatial terms
80
Location can either be __________ or __________.
relative, absolute
81
What is the second essential element of geography?
2. Places and regions
82
Places and regions refers to what?
The physical characteristics of specific places and how they form and change
83
What is the third essential element of geography?
3. Physical systems
84
Physical systems are what?
Processes that change and shape the Earth
85
What is the fourth essential element of geography?
4. Human systems
86
"Human systems" refers to what?
People or inhabitants
87
What is the fifth essential element of geography?
Environment and society
88
"Environment and society" refers to what?
The relationships and interactions that take place between people and their surroundings
89
What is the sixth essential element of geography?
6. Uses of geography
90
The uses of geography include:
Interpreting the past and present along with planning for the future
91
Mapmakers
Cartographers
92
Small model of the Earth; considered the most accurate representation of Earth
Globe
93
Flattened out globe or portion of globe
Map
94
Vertical and horizontal lines on a map
Grid
95
Horizontal, imaginary line that divides the Earth into its northern and southern halves
Equator
96
Vertical, imaginary line that divides the Earth into its eastern and western halves; runs through Greenwich, England
The Prime Meridian
97
Where the date officially changes each day
International Date Line
98
The grid lines on a map
Longitude and latitude lines
99
These lines run from the poles, north and south
Longitude lines
100
These lines run parallel to the equator, east and west
Latitude lines
101
Northern and southern halves of the Earth
Hemispheres
102
The larger the scale, the more what is shown?
Detail
103
The smaller the scale, the more what is shown?
Area
104
Representations of real things on a map; usually small simple shapes and pictures
Symbols
105
Also known as the key; explains what the symbols, colors, lines, and so on mean on a map
Legend
106
North, south, east, and west
Directions
107
Indicator of four main directions and northeast, northwest, south east, and southwest; often part of the legend
Compass rose
108
Seven mainland masses on Earth
Continents
109
Largest expanses of sea water on Earth
Oceans
110
Show the shape of the land's surface; provide detail throughout use of color and contour lines
Relief maps
111
Show specific topics or subjects
Thematic maps
112
Show governmental boundaries of counties, states, and countries; identify major cities and significant bodies of water
Political maps
113
Show country borders, major cities, significant bodies of water, and major landforms like deserts, mountains and plains
Physical maps
114
A wide-ranging geographic area; usually contains similar physical features or unifying characteristics
Regions
115
The process of clearing the forests; destabilizes mountainous regions
Deforestation
116
Described by the theory of plate tectonics; refers to the movement of the Earth's crust over time
Continental drift
117
The wearing away of diminishing of the Earth's surface
Erosion
118
People living in a particular geographic area
Population
119
A branch of science concerned with the well-being of society; statistical study of human populations interested in analyzing changes in size, movement, crime rates, education levels, and so on.
Demography
120
The agency in which a governing body functions and exercises authority
Government
121
Government by the people
Democracy
122
The leader of the local government
The mayor
123
The mayor is an elected official and works in concert with the:
City council
124
The leader of the state government:
The governor
125
The governor is an elected official who works cooperatively with stat senators of the __________ and state representatives of the __________.
Senate, House of Representatives
126
Congress is the _________ branch
Legislative
127
Congress is comprised of what?
The Senate and the House of Representatives
128
The legislative branch was established by:
Article I of the Constitution
129
The Judicial branch is:
The Supreme Court
130
What can the Supreme Court do?
Determine established laws to be unconstitutional
131
Who appoints Supreme Court justices?
The President of the US
132
The judicial branch was established by:
Article III of the Constitution
133
Who leads the executive branch?
The President and the Vice President
134
The executive branch leads:
The country and the military
135
The executive branch appoints:
Justices
136
The executive branch can do what in opposition to Congress?
It can veto rulings made by Congress
137
The executive branch was established by:
Article II of the Constitution
138
Who advises the president on matters of foreign policy?
The Secretary of State and the National Security Council
139
__________ are also Executive branch members.
Ambassadors
140
What do Ambassadors do?
Reside in other countries in order to lobby for the United States in international meetings
141
What is considered the very first modern document that sought to limit the powers of the governing body?
The Magna Carta of 1215
142
What are the three levels of the federal court system in the United States?
U.S. District Courts, U.S. Court of Appeals, and the Supreme Court
143
Trial courts; each state has at least one of these. Hears nearly al categories of federal cases including civil and criminal.
U.S. District Courts
144
One court for each of the 12 regional circuits; hears appeals from courts within its circuit
U.S. Court of Appeals
145
Highest court of appeals in the US. Established in Article III, Section I of the Constitution. Consists of one Chief Justice and eight associate justices appointed by the president
The Supreme Court
146
One of the Supreme Court's most important powers
Judicial review
147
True or false: Supreme Court justices are elected officials in the judicial branch of government.
False; they are appointed
148
The __________ government has the ability to regulate intrastate trade
Local/ state
149
Article _____ of the Constitution established the legislative branch of government.
Article I
150
True or false: The Electoral College gives the states with small populations more of an equal weight in presidential elections
True
151
There are _____ U.S. District Courts
94
152
What is the US Constitution comprised of?
A preamble, 7 articles, and 27 amendments
153
Amendments 1-10 of the Constitution
The Bill of Rights
154
Provides for five freedoms: religion, speech, the press, assembly, and petition
First Amendment
155
States the rights of citizens to bear arms
Second Amendment
156
States that citizens do not have to provide housing to soldiers during peacetime
Third Amendment
157
States the right to privacy
Fourth Amendment
158
States the right to due process of the law
Fifth Amendment
159
States the right to a public and speedy trial in front of an impartial jury
Sixth Amendment
160
States, in civil lawsuits, the right to a jury trial
Seventh Amendment
161
States that punishment cannot be excessive and should fit the crime
Eighth Amendment
162
States that citizens have other rights not necessarily stated in the Bill of Rights
Ninth Amendment
163
Limits the national government to only the powers provided in the United States Constitution
Tenth Amendment
164
Defined as the science that deals with the production, consumption, and distribution of goods and services
Economics
165
People respond to incentives in __________ ways.
Predictable
166
The creation of goods and services
Production
167
The dissemination or dispersing of goods and services
Distribution
168
The using and intake of goods and services
Consumption
169
The act of buying and selling
Trade
170
The managing of monetary resources
Finance
171
A person used to accomplish a goal
Human resources
172
An available supply of something occurring in nature; often used to create wealth
Natural resources
173
Any asset used in the production of goods and services
Capital resources
174
Items that are in short supply
Limited resources
175
Emphasizes private ownership; supply and demand
Free enterprise
176
One company or institution having exclusive control of a particular good or service in a market
Monopoly
177
Government spending policies that affect interest rates, tax rates, and government spending. Policies aid in governmental control of economy.
Fiscal policy
178
Total monetary value of all goods and services see produced in a nation during a specific time frame
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
179
A persistent, general increase in prices over a period of times
Inflation
180
High rate of inflation accompanied by rising unemployment
Stagflation
181
A slowing of economic activity
Recession
182
Long-lasting and painful recession or slowing of economic activity
Depression
183
Insufficient supply or shortage of goods and services; often affected by consumer decision making
Scarcity
184
An establishment owned, controlled, and operated by its members. Provides financial services much like commercial banks but often provide lower interest rates for some of those services
Credit union
185
Both __________ and __________ are depository financial institutions that mediate financial transactions and provide a variety of financial services.
Banks, credit unions
186
A __________ can be used as an instructional aid and assessment tool
Anticipation guide or KWL chart
187
Although not the first to step foot on the land we know now as America what early explorer opened up the Western Hemisphere to economic and political development by the Europeans?
Christopher Columbus
188
Many government agencies and specialized organizations provide valuable resources related to the social sciences. What organization could be used to enhance your knowledge of subject matter in this content area?
NCSS
189
In what year did the United States become involved in the Vietnam War?
1959
190
After what war did Americans want to explore and settle land to the west?
War of 1812
191
Which ancient civilization invented the wheel, cuneiform writing, and initial forms of irrigation by using the dikes and canals
the Sumerians
192
In order for a presidential candidate to win with the majority of the vote, they would have to receive how many electoral votes?
270
193
How many electors are in the United States?
538
194
What type of policy aids governmental control of the economy?
Fiscal policy
195
Who advises the president on matters of foreign policy?
The secretary of state
196
These people were sea traders that were proficient in sailing at night using the stars as their guide. They were also well known for their manufacturing of glass, metals, and the development of their famous purple dye
The ancient Phoenicians
197
The belief that the United States should control all of North America. It fueled much of the warfare that took place against the Native Americans.
Manifest destiny
198
Who is the leader of the local government?
The mayor
