Social Science Section VII - Focused Quizzes Flashcards
Which African colony was the FIRST to gain independence? a. Kenya b. Libya c. Algeria d. Ethiopia e. the Congo
B Although colonial powers initially planned to use
their colonies to rebuild their home countries,
independence came rapidly, beginning with Libya
in 1951
How many African colonies became independent from 1951 to 1971? a. 27 b. 18 c. 39 d. 31 e. 54
C Starting with Libya in 1951, 39 African colonies
achieved independence in a period of 20 years
Which PRIMARY characteristic caused independence wars in African colonies? a. lack of negotiation b. more desirable resources c. stronger militias d. aggressive and warlike population e. large European minorities
E Most African states became independent
peacefully, but wars broke out in colonies with
large European minorities whose settlers resisted
independence from their metropole
Which colony went to war with France?
a. the Congo
b. Libya
c. Ghana
d. Algeria
e. Kenya
D The French colony of Algeria had a large French
minority, which encouraged France to delay
independence, eventually resulting in war
Which European nation colonized Kenya?
a. Portugal
b. Great Britain
c. France
d. Germany
e. Italy
B Kenya was a British colony that went to war in
hopes of independence, much like Algeria’s war
with France
Which of the following states did Portugal NOT colonize? a. Mozambique b. Zambia c. Angola d. Cape Verde e. Guinea-Bissau
B Much violence occurred in Portugal’s colonies,
including Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde, and
Guinea-Bissau, because the Portuguese
government refused to negotiate independence
until it was overthrown in 1974
Why did Portuguese colonies experience the most
violence after World War II?
a. Portugal refused to negotiate independence.
b. Portugal did not suffer greatly during the
war, and could resist independence.
c. Tensions grew between Africans and
Portuguese minorities.
d. The colonies opposed enlistment into the
Portuguese army.
e. The colonies came under repressive
dictatorial rule after independence.
A Widespread violence occurred in the Portuguese
colonies of Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde, and
Guinea-Bissau. The Portuguese government
refused to relinquish its colonies and was only
overthrown in 1974
From which Congolese industry did Belgium benefit?
a. mining
b. aluminum processing
c. peanut cultivation
d. kente cloth production
e. forestry
A Belgium resisted Congolese independence
primarily due to the lucrative mining industry in
Katanga, now known as Shaba
From which two countries did African states MOST
often receive aid after World War II?
a. Ethiopia and Liberia
b. East Germany and West Germany
c. North Korea and South Korea
d. the United States and the Soviet Union
e. Great Britain and France
D The two Cold War superpowers, the United
States and the Soviet Union, offered many new
governments aid in exchange for votes at the
United Nations, military alliances, and trade
agreements
Which of the following benefits did new governments
NOT frequently receive from their former colonizers?
a. promises of future support
b. military aid
c. United Nations votes
d. economic aid
e. educational exchange programs
C After gaining independence, new governments
had to work out their relationships with their
former colonizers, which included military and
economic aid, health and educational exchange
programs, and promises to engage in future
planning exercises
Which black African country gained independence FIRST? a. Benin b. Kenya c. Ghana d. Algeria e. Libya
C Ghana became the first black African country to
gain independence in 1957. It reached
independence peacefully, led by Kwame
Nkrumah
In which colony was Kwame Nkrumah born?
a. British Somaliland
b. Gold Coast
c. British Togoland
d. Sao Tome
e. Nigeria
B Kwame Nkrumah was born in the western part of
the Gold Coast (now Ghana). He attended college
in Accra before leaving for the United States.
In which African city did Kwame Nkrumah attend college? a. Cape Town b. Accra c. Lagos d. Nairobi e. Cairo
B Kwame Nkrumah attended college in Accra, the
capital of Ghana, before immigrating to the
United States to earn three more degrees
In which western country did Kwame Nkrumah study? a. United States b. Canada c. Germany d. France e. Great Britain
A After attending college in Accra, Kwame Nkrumah immigrated to the United States, where he earned three degrees at Lincoln University and the University of Pennsylvania
Which conference did Kwame Nkrumah attend in England after World War II? a. the Zionist Coalition Conference b. the Fifth Pan-Africanist Conference c. the African Separatist Conference d. the Potsdam Conference e. the Evian Conference
B While at university, Kwame Nkrumah became
interested in African independence and panAfricanism.
He later attended the Fifth PanAfricanist
Conference in England after World
War II ended
Kwame Nkrumah left the United Gold Coast
Convention as they did not
a. advocate strongly for independence
b. share his Pan-African vision
c. attract enough voters to win elections
d. renounce violent tactics
e. represent the general public’s interests
E At the Fifth Pan-Africanist Conference, Kwame
Nkrumah met several members of the United
Gold Coast Convention, which acted on the behalf
of African lawyers and businessmen in
negotiations with the British. Disappointed with
their lack of concern for common people,
Nkrumah formed his own party in 1949
Which party did Kwame Nkrumah form in 1949?
a. United Front Party
b. National Reform Party
c. Liberal Democratic Party
d. Convention People’s Party
e. Unified African Party
D Dissatisfied with the United Gold Coast
Convention, Kwame Nkrumah and his allies
formed the Convention People’s Party in 1949
Which role did Kwame Nkrumah serve in Ghana’s government? a. member of parliament b. majority leader c. president d. High Court judge e. prime minister
C Despite years of strikes and demonstrations,
Kwame Nkrumah’s Convention People’s Party
won Ghana’s first election in 1957, making
Nkrumah Ghana’s first president
The Non-Aligned Nations movement aimed to
a. avoid allegiances in the Cold War
b. represent Africans in their negotiations for
independence
c. force African countries to ally with the Soviet
Union
d. unite countries who were not part of the Axis
or the Allies
e. promote nonpartisanship in Ghana’s
government
A After becoming president, Kwame Nkrumah cofounded
the Non-Aligned Nations movement,
which aimed to avoid alliances with the United
States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War
Which of the following reasons does NOT describe
why Kwame Nkrumah supported a united Africa?
a. Africa was fragmented into nonviable states.
b. African unity would prevent a resurgence of
colonialism.
c. A Pan-African union would govern the entire
continent more effectively.
d. A united Africa would be able to negotiate
with world powers.
e. African countries should not ignore the issues
of other countries.
C Kwame Nkrumah believed that a unified Africa
would better resist colonialism and negotiate with
world powers. He also argued that individual
African states were not viable, and had a duty to
look after their neighbors
In what way could independent African nations be
said to have been founded with flawed borders?
a. Corrupt African politicians created the
borders.
b. One country contained multiple opposing
ethnic groups.
c. Strict borders prevented trade route
agreements.
d. Natural landforms dictated boundaries.
e. Several nations staged disputes over the
borders
B The borders of the independent African nations
date from colonial European rule, in which ethnic
or political allegiances of the local population
were not considered. One country can contain
multiple ethnic groups that oppose each other,
while some ethnic groups are scattered among the
various nations
Which of the following countries does NOT have a significant ethnic Tuareg population? a. South Africa b. Mauritania c. Mali d. Algeria e. Niger
A Due to the use of European colonial borders for
the newly independent colonial nations, many
ethnic groups were scattered across multiple
countries, including the Tuareg population. It has
significant numbers in Algeria, Mali, Niger, and
Mauritania
Which of the following goods would African colonies
be MOST likely to export under colonial rule?
a. exotic animals
b. ivory
c. textiles
d. industrial bearings
e. people
B While African nations were still under colonial
rule, they transferred raw materials to the
industrialized nations that controlled them. Raw
materials could include natural resources like
rare metals, wood, and agricultural offerings
Which of the following actions did colonizing nations MOST often prevent their African colonies from taking? a. forming international alliances b. creating new artistic movements c. developing home industries d. mining coal and rare metals e. engaging in international research
C While African nations were still under colonial
rule, they transferred raw materials to the
industrialized nations that controlled them. In
order to maximize wealth for the “mother
country,” African colonies were prevented from
developing their own home industries and self-sufficiency
Which conflict MOST undermined popular support for independent African governments? a. World War II b. Cold War c. Second Libyan Civil War d. Darfur War e. World War I
B The common people viewed government
employees with connections as “insiders” and
already mistrusted them. With the Cold War
leaders luring African politicians with promises
and gifts, the people were further ignored
Through which means did one-party states replace African democracies? a. popular vote in general election b. military revolts c. Pan-African Council conferences d. national referendums e. United Nation conferences
B A series of military revolts replaced democratic
governments with one-party states. Many African
citizens viewed the democratic government as
corrupt, and considered the military as the only
truly national organization that offered stability,
especially through the hierarchical command
structure
