Social Science Section VI

Question 1

What is the most visible result of the changed relationship between Africans and Europeans following the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 1

The decline of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

Question 2

Besides a decline in the Atlantic slave trade, what did the Industrial Revolution bring about?

Answer 2

1. New ways to use labor
2. Demand for new kinds of products
3. The need to defend access to increasingly profitable world markets

Question 3

Name the 1807 British act that abolished slave trading in the British Empire.

Answer 3

The Abolition of the Slave Trade Act

Question 4

The Europeans called their new trade relationship with Africa what?

Answer 4

“Legitimate commerce”

Question 5

What made transportation cheaper and more reliable?

Answer 5

Steam engines

Question 6

What was the first steam powered mode of transportation that reduced the cost of moving goods over long distances?

Answer 6

Ships

Question 7

After ships, what steam powered mode of transportation reduced the cost of moving goods over long distances?

Answer 7

Railroads

Question 8

What did improvements in medicine such as quinine do?

Answer 8

Made it safer for Europeans to stay longer periods in the tropics and made it easier to convince Europeans to go to Africa

Question 9

What inspired the Europeans to conquer Africa in the mid-eighteenth century?

Answer 9

1. The expansion of Russia, the US, and Canada across their respective continents
2. Frustration with African coastal leaders who competed with European traders for profits
3. Concern that other European countries might squeeze them out of African markets and keep all the benefits to themselves

Question 10

The causes of change in European attitudes towards Africa provides material for the answer of what question?

Answer 10

Why did Europeans, after centuries of tradition with Africans along the coast, decide to invade and take over most of the continent at the end of the nineteenth century

Question 11

Marxist theorists argued that what explained everything?

Answer 11

Economics

Question 12

Vladimir Lenin claimed that colonial conquest was the inevitable result of what?

Answer 12

Capitalism’s need to expand in search of profits

Question 13

List three arguments made in the mid-twentieth century regarding the cause of European colonial conquest of Africa.

Answer 13

1. The conquest was needed for national security
2. European moral idealism is the cause
3. Conquest was supported by Africans themselves

Question 14

Scholarly debate over he cause of European colonial conquest in Africa is focused on in an article by whom?

Answer 14

Ronald Robinson

And

John Gallagher

Question 15

What did the article by Ronald Robinson and John Gallagher charge?

Answer 15

That the British occupation of Egypt in the 1880’s resulted from unrest in Egypt that threatened the Suez Canal, the essential route to India. This threat made it possible for British imperialists to justify conquest, while Egyptian leaders accepted British occupation as a means of keeping their own governments under control

Question 16

What nation is Britain’s largest trading partner?

Answer 16

India

Question 17

The article written by Ronald Robinson and John Gallagher triggered a sequence of responses and counter-responses that endure(d) to when?

Answer 17

They continue to endure to this day

Question 18

By what year were all African nations – excluding Ethiopia and Liberia – claimed by European colonizers?

Answer 18

1899