Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AcDec/Technology and Humanity > Social Science > Flashcards

Social Science Flashcards

1
Q

In batch oriented computing, the program is…

A

electronically sent to an operator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which university produced Project Whirlwind?

A

Dartmouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which branch of the United States military requested Project Whirlwind?

A

Air Force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who was the head of Project Whirlwind?

A

Jay Forrester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which computer inspired Project Whirlwind?

A

ENIAC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What developments saved Project Whirlwind from being defunded?

A

The Soviet Union had developed nuclear weapons capable of landing in North America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which high level language was used for business

A

FLOW-MATIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fred Brooks participated in the OS/360 project for which company?

A

IBM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Project Whirlwind did not include…

A

a mouse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Project Whirlwind became the first…

A

Interactive Computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which language did UNIVAC improve to create FLOW-MATIC

A

B-0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which company received the rights to Project Whirlwind

A

IBM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

After its transfer, Project Whirlwind became known as the…

A

SSEC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What company created the FACT compiler

A

Honeywell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The United States military spread the SAGE system across how many sites?

A

43 sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The SAGE System operated until the early…

A

1980s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why did the US government mandate the language COBOL

A

They wanted customers to be able to switch computer systems easily and be compatible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What company worked to develop the SABRE system?

A

American Airlines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What state contained the SABRE system?

A

California

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How was programming the EDVAC different from the ENIAC?

A

A list of instructions could be mapped as individual codes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Who influenced the EDVAC?

A

John von Neumann

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The SABRE system’s data center ran using a pair of IBM…

A

7090 Computers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of the plan preparation machine?

A

Translating programming instructions as codes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does an assembler turn into numeric code?

A

Mnemonics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is a similarity between COBOL and FORTRAN?

A

Popularity (they were both the most popular coding languages of their time)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Who is MOST commonly associated with popularizing the concept of high-level languages?

A

Grace Hopper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Grace Hopper was enlisted in which branch of the US military?

A

Navy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which best describes Brooks’s law?

A

An increase in manpower on a software project reduces efficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which company did John Mauchly want Grace Hopper to work?

A

Eckert-Mauchly Computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Why was the general acceptance of high-level programming languages limited during the 1940s?

A

The compilers were slow and inefficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Where was the first widely used high-level programming language created at?

A

IBM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Who most influenced the design for COBOL

A

Grace Hopper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Why did John Backus want to develop FORTRAN?

A

To generate machine codes efficiently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which early high-level programming language uses a syntax similar to simple algebra?

A

FORTRAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How long did it take for John Backus and his team to finish the FORTRAN computer?

A

Three years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Why was someone scared of one of Grace Hopper’s FLOW-MATIC versions

A

She translated everything into French

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Which of these languages is no longer popular: Javascript, R, COBOL, Python, or C#

A

COBOL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Which decade were COBOL and FORTRAN most popular in

A

1970’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Which university developed LISP

A

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What does LISP stand for

A

List Processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Which is the oldest: COMTRAN, FORTRAN, FACT, COBOL, or LlSP

A

FORTRAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What research area is associated with LISP

A

Artificial Intelligence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What type of syntax does LISP use?

A

Nested

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Which processor part in Zuse’s first computer did the vacuum tubers replace?

A

Telephone Relays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

True or false- vacuum tubes use a minimal amount of energy

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

In comparison to vacuum tubes, are transistors smaller or larger?

A

Transistors are smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is a microchip?

A

A block of silicon combining multiple transistors.

48
Q

Which processing part did Eckert and Mauchly use in the ENIAC?

A

Vacuum Tubes

49
Q

Who invented the microchip?

A

Robert Noyce and Jack Kilby

50
Q

Which processing part was MOST common in commercially sold computers in the late 1950s?

A

Transistors

51
Q

When did integrated circuits become the MOST common processing part in commercial computers?

A

The 1960s

52
Q

True or false- telephone relays contain moving parts

A

False

53
Q

Bell Labs was a subsidiary of which major company?

A

AT&T (American Telephone and Telegraph Company)

54
Q

Which processor part resembles a lightbulb in appearance?

A

Vacuum Tubes

55
Q

What preceded the invention of vacuum tubes?

A

The establishment of AT&T.

56
Q

A combination of multiple transistors is called a(n)

A

Integrated Circuit

57
Q

Which of the following processing parts was the largest in size?

A

Vacuum Tubes

58
Q

What functions simulated “counting” in vacuum tubes and allowed for arithmetic calculations?

A

Quick, binary electrical pulses

59
Q

Which language did an operating system project at the AI Lab at MIT use?

A

LISP

60
Q

Which principle did Stallman value MOST in his work?

A

Openness

61
Q

Great Britain remained primarily agrarian until the…

A

Late eighteenth century

62
Q

Which processes did Richard Stallman follow when creating GNU?

A

He would rewrite each Unix program with his own code, then delete the original app.

63
Q

Which event created the need for specialization and automation?

A

the Enlightenment

64
Q

Who wrote the wealth of nations?

A

Adam Smith

65
Q

Which item is used as an example in The Wealth of Nations to exemplify the efficacy of specialization in labor?

A

Pins

66
Q

Which statement BEST describes Brooks’s Law

A

An increase in manpower on a software project reduces efficiency

67
Q

Who was the lead engineer for the ENIAC?

A

J. P. Eckert

68
Q

What household item do vacuum tubes most represent?

A

Lightbulbs

69
Q

About how many vacuum tubes did the ENIAC use?

A

18,000

69
Q

What measures did the engineers take to make the ENIAC more reliable?

A

Operating the vacuum tubes at 10% of their power

70
Q

Why was the ENIAC faster than other calculators?

A

It was fully electronic and had no moving parts.

70
Q

What solidified ENIAC’s status as a computer?

A

Conditional Branching

71
Q

How did programmers give the ENIAC instructions?

A

A system of cables and switches.

72
Q

To ensure that GNU remained free, Stallman drafted a new license for it called…

A

the General Public License

73
Q

How did Gaspard de Prony innovate the task of making books of logarithms?

A

He broke it down into simple steps

74
Q

Gaspard de Prony named his process of making logarithmic books…

A

The method of differences

75
Q

What operating system did early Handspring Treo models run?

A

Palm OS

76
Q

Which essential operating system component was GNU missing?

A

A Kernel

77
Q

Which nation had the largest navy during the 19th century?

A

France

78
Q

In which country was Linus Torvalds born?

A

Finland

79
Q

Navigation tables show the position of what?

A

stars

80
Q

What did Blackberry customers refer to there devices as?

A

Crackberries

81
Q

Who primarily used navigation tables?

A

Sea captains

82
Q

Linus Torvalds built Linux upon?

A

Minix

83
Q

Charles Babbage did NOT claim his machine would do what?

A

Solve more advanced problems

84
Q

At which university did Andrew Tanenbaum teach?

A

Vrije University

85
Q

Which mathematician had the greatest influence on Charles Babbage?

A

Gaspard de Prony

86
Q

What is virtualization, in the context of cloud computing?

A

Running multiple instances of an operating system on a single computer

87
Q

What benefit does virtualization provide to cloud users?

A

It gives them dedicated virtual machines

88
Q

What is the main characteristic of the Software As A Service (SAAS) business model?

A

Purchasing software licenses

89
Q

As he worked on his machine, Charles Babbage requested more funds for the production of what?

A

Gears

90
Q

What operating system did early Nokia phones use?

A

Symbian OS

91
Q

Charles Babbage received MOST of the funds for his machine from who?

A

The government

92
Q

For which processor did Linus Torvalds rewrite Andrew Tanenbaum’s operating system?

A

Intel 80386

93
Q

When did Charles Babbage produce his machine prototype?

A

1833

94
Q

Which company’s monopoly did the United States government break up?

A

AT&T

95
Q

What did Silicon Graphics call its version of Unix?

A

IRIX

96
Q

To which company did AT&T sell the rights to Unix in 1993?

A

Novell

97
Q

What brand used Symbian in their PDAs?

A

Psion

98
Q

Who convinced Steve Jobs not to add a dial on the iPhone

A

Jony Ive

99
Q

The iPhone separated itself from competitors with its:

A

Large glass touchscreen

100
Q
A
101
Q

How many iPhones did Apple sell by 2011

A

90 million

102
Q

What company acquired Android in 2005

A

Google

103
Q

What operating system is Android OS based off of?

A

Linux

104
Q

What smartphone manufacturer uses Android OS

A

Samsung

105
Q

What company’s phone division did Microsoft purchase

A

Nokia

106
Q
A
107
Q

When did Microsoft phase out its phones

A

Between 2016-17

108
Q

How have app stores most helped small independent developers?

A

They provide a centralized, easy-to-enter market.

109
Q

True or false- Adele Finebaum was not on ENIAC’s original programmer team

A

True

110
Q

Compared to the ENIAC, the EDVAC’s design was…

A

Simpler

110
Q

Who wrote the first draft of a report on the EDVAC?

A

John von Neumann

111
Q

Was the EDVAC capable of conditional branching?

A

No

111
Q

True or false- the ENIAC weighed 20 tons

A

False- it weighed 30

112
Q

When the ENIAC was done, why was it not used?

A

They no longer needed it, because the war was over.

113
Q

Where did John Von Neumann create a stored program computer in 1951?

A

Institute for advanced study.

AcDec/Technology and Humanity (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions