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FTCE > Social Science > Flashcards

Social Science Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Source v Secondary Source

A

Primary - Any material created by a person (firsthand account).
Examples:published books, manuscripts, letters, diaries or journals, documents, records, speeches, music, interviews, household appliances or tools, toys, buildings, monuments, clothing, photographs, film/video, maps, fine arts, cemeteries, cultural landscapes, & parks

Secondary- material created by someone who did not see the event take place and was done WELL after the event.
Examples: textbooks, documentaries, dictionaries, encyclopedias, and websites

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2
Q

What are the three periods of the Stone Age?

A

Paleolithic
Mesolithic
Neolithic

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3
Q

What were the ancient civilizations of Sumer in 4000-2000 BC?

A

Mesopotamia

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4
Q

How long did Mesopotamia lasted and what did they invent?

A

-4000-2000 BC
-Invented writing (cuneiform)
-Absorbed into other empires a and dynasties after 538 BCE

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5
Q

Who unified Egypt around 3200 BC?

A

Menes or Narmer

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6
Q

How was Greece organized and how long did it last?

A

Organized around city-state from 800-500 BC (300 yrs)

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7
Q

When was Rome founded ?

A

753 BC

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8
Q

In 312 AD what did Emperor Constantine do to the religion of the Byzantine Empire? What did he tolerate ?

A

-Converted to Christianity
-Ordered toleration in the Edict of Milan (313 AD)

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9
Q

When was Mohammed born ? When did he march into Mecca?

A

-About 570 AD
-In 630 AD

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10
Q

Where did Chinese Empires originate ?

A

In the Yellow River Valley

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11
Q

What Indian empire was around in the 3rd century BC ?

A

Mauryan Empire

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12
Q

Who occupied large sections in African Kingdoms? What did they live in ?

A

Bantu and they lived in tiny chiefdoms

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13
Q

In the early Civilizations of Americas , what were they known for ?

A

Agriculture

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14
Q

When did then Palestines and Hebrews flee under Moses?

A

1200 BC

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15
Q

When did David reign over the Palestines and Hebrews?

A

1012-972 King David reigned

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16
Q

When were the pyramids in Egypt built?

A

4th Dynasty (2613-2494 BC)

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17
Q

Who controlled Egypt after 1085 BC until 30 BC?

A

Assyrians,Persians, Alexander the Great, and the Roman Empire in 30 BC

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18
Q

What did Egypt develop?

A

Papyrus and many medical advances

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19
Q

Who replaced the Oligarchs in Greece after the 6th century?

A

Democratic Government

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20
Q

What century was the Classical Age in Greece?

A

5th century

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21
Q

When did the Persian Wars in Greece start and end ?

A

560-479 BC

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22
Q

Who rebuilt Athens and when ?

A

Pericles in 495-429 BC using Delians money

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23
Q

When did Buddhism disappear from India?

A

13th century

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24
Q

Who were the Particians in Rome? What did they do?

A

Wealthy landowners who held power in the time of early republic

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25
Q

Who emerged in Rome during the 60’s and 70’s BC?

A

Pompey and Julius Caesar

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26
Q

What did Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus form in 115 BC? When did it end?

A

First Triumvirate which ended in 53 BC

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27
Q

Who assassinated Caesar and when?

A

Crassus and Brutus on March 15, 44 BC

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28
Q

Who succeeded Caesar ? When did he reign?

A

Octavian his nephew and reigned from 27-14 BC

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29
Q

When did Constantinople fall and to who?

A

1453 AD by the Ottoman Turks

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30
Q

What outlines the 5 pillars of faith for Muslims to observe in Islamic Civilization?

A

The Sharia

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31
Q

How many sutras does the Koran contain?

A

114

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32
Q

The emperor of Japan received power and the samurai class lost its special privileges during what ?

A

The Meiji Restoration of 1868

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33
Q

What 3 dynasties ruled China?

A

the Xia or Hsia, the Shang (1500-1122 BC), and the Zhou (1122 to 211 BC)

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34
Q

What was welcomed after the Zhou dynasty fell?

A

Teachings of Confucius

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35
Q

Where did the Mayan people reside in?

A

Yucatán, Guatemala, and Eastern Honduras

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36
Q

What were the controlled areas of the Inca?

A

Areas stretching from Ecuador to central Chile

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37
Q

Which two ancient cultures are still present today?

A

Anasazi and Hohokam

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38
Q

Who was the most important medieval Germanic state?

A

The Frankish Kingdom

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39
Q

Who founded the Carolingian Dynasty ?

A

Charles the Great or Charlemagne

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40
Q

Who named Charlemagne the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire?

A

Leo 3 in 800 AD

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41
Q

What was Feudalism?

A

The decentralized political system of personal ties and obligations that bound vassals to their lords

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42
Q

Who signed the Magna Carta and what did it establish?

A

King John 1 and helped establish the principle that the British king is subject to the law

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43
Q

What did the Crusades attempt to do ?

A

Liberate the Holy Land from infidels

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44
Q

What did the Crusaders end up doing?

A

Massacred thousands of Jews and Muslims and relations between Europe and the Byzantine Empire collapsed

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45
Q

Scholasticism

A

An effort to reconcile reason and faith and to instruct Christians on how to make sense of the again tradition

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46
Q

What was the Black Death?

A

A rampant pandemic of the Middle Ages cattle by fleas on rats brought to Asia

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47
Q

What was Martin Luther known for?

A

His work with salvation and Christianity. He nailed 95 statements about indulgences to the door of Wittenberg church and challenged the practice of selling them.

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48
Q

What was Calvinism?

A

Major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice set down by John Calvin

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49
Q

What was the Thirty Years War, how did it end and what did it result in?

A

Religious war fought between Roman Catholics and Protestants in Germany. It ended with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. It resulted in changed boundaries of most European countries

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50
Q

Enlightenment Era and its affect on American Colonies

A

The belief in the autonomy of mans intellect apart from God. Greater interest in Science and learning

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51
Q

What does PERSIA represent?

A

Political, Economic, Religion, Social, Intellectual/Arts, Area/Geography

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52
Q

What was the most notorious event of The French Revolution ?

A

Reign of Terror

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53
Q

Who was executed during the French Revolution?

A

Marie Antoinette and Louis XVI

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54
Q

How was Napoleon like during the Neopoleonic era?

A

A tyrant who repressed and exploited them for French’s glory and advantage. His inability to conquered England resulted in his downfall.

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55
Q

What was the Industrial Revolution?

A

A period of transition when machines began to significantly displace human and animal power in methods of producing and distributing goods and when an agricultural and commercial society became an industrial one.

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56
Q

What is Scientific Socialism or Marxism?

A

Created by Karl Marx who intended to replace utopian hopes and dreams with a militant blueprint for socialist working-class success.

It has 4 key propositions

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57
Q

What did Vasco Nunez Balboa do?

A

He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean

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58
Q

Who was Hernando Cortez

A

Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire.

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59
Q

What did Francisco Pizarro do?

A

After Cortez, He defeated the Incas in Peru.

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60
Q

Who is Don Juan de Onate?

A

Conquistador who established the colony of New Mexico for Spain.

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61
Q

What was Roanoke?

A

Ambitious attempt by Sir Walter Raleigh to establish a permanent North American settlement with the purpose of harassing the Spanish and christianizing the Indians

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62
Q

Jamestown Settlement ?

A

Primary goal was to find gold and to find a water route to Asia

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63
Q

What were the Salem Witch Trials

A

A series of hangings and prosecution of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between 1692-1693

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64
Q

What was The Great Awakening ?

A

A period in which several well-known preachers traveled through British North America giving speeches and arguing for the need to revive religious piety and close relationships with God

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65
Q

What was the Sugar Act?

A

Taxed sugar, molasses, and other products imported into American colonies from non-British Caribbean sources

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66
Q

What was the Stamp Act?

A

It imposed a direct tax on colonists for the first time. It was passed to help replenish their finances after the costly 7 years war with France

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67
Q

What was the Tea Act?

A

The principle objective was to reduce the massive amount of tea held by the financially troubled British East India Company

Gave all control of trade and delivery of tea to the E India Tea company

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68
Q

What was the Boston Tea Party?

A

A political protest that occurred on December 16, 1773, at Griffin’s Wharf in Boston.

American colonists, frustrated and angry at Britain for imposing “taxation without representation,” dumped 342 chests of tea, imported by the British East India Company into the harbor.

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69
Q

Explain the Declaration of Independence

A

Thomas Jefferson worked on a restatement of political ideas by then commonplace in America and an explanation of why the former colonist felt justified in separating from Great Britain

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70
Q

What was the Treaty of Paris?

A

-It ended the 7 years’ war between French and Great Britain as well as their allies (War of the American Revolution)
-France gave up all its territories in mainland NA
-Recognized US independence and granted western territory at Mississippi River
AND MORE

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71
Q

What are the Bill of Rights?

A

Compromises the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution

1.Freedom of worship, speech, press, assembly, and petition
2. Bear arms
3. Forbid use of private homes for troops
4. Forbids unreasonable arrest, search and seizures
5. Guarantees various legal protections, including due process and provision that people not testify against themselves
6. Guarantees various legal protections, including access to counsel for those accused of a crime
7. Guarantees a tribal by jury in civil cases
8. Forbids excessive penalties including cruel and unusual punishment
9. Indicates that citizens posses rights over and above those named in the Articles and BOR
10. Grants to states and citizens those rights not granted to federal government

72
Q

What is the Monroe doctrine?

A

Warns European nations that the US would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs

73
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

Established the Supreme Court’s power of judicial review over federal legislation

74
Q

Gibbons v Ogden

A

Case that decided that the federal government has exclusive power over interstate commerce

75
Q

What is The Missouri Compromise?

A

A federal legislation of the US that balanced desires of northern states to prevent expansion of slavery in the country with those of southern states to expand it

76
Q

What is The Manifest Destiny?

A

The idea that the US is destined —by God, its advocates believed— to expand its domain and spread democracy and capitalism across the entire North American continent

77
Q

What was Westward Expansion?

A

Overland trails were built by pioneers throughout the 19th century as an alternative to sea and railroad transport

78
Q

What was the Mexican-American War?

A

A disputed boundary between US and Texas on the Nueces strip whether Texas ended on the Nueces River (Mexican claim) of the Rio Grande (US Claim)

79
Q

What happend during the Civil War?

A

Differences between the free and slave states over the power of the national government to prohibit slavery in territories that had not yet become states

80
Q

What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

A

A territorial organic act that created Kansas and Nebraska and allowed for popular sovereignty

Also produced “Bleeding Kansas’ as pro and anti slaery activists flooded into the territories to sway the vote

81
Q

What was the Dred Scott V Sandfor case?

A

A controversial court ruling that decided that he who descended from slaves was not an American citizen

82
Q

What was the Homestead Act?

A

-The act to help develop the American West and spur economic growth
-Several laws by which an applicant could acquire ownership pf government land or the public domain, typically a homestead

83
Q

What was the Emancipation Proclamation/

A

Declared that all persons held as slaves “within the rebellious states” are free

84
Q

Who was Robert E. Lee?

A

A confederate military general whose effort to reunited the country following the American Civil War was his greatest contribution

85
Q

What was the main purpose of the Reconstruction Era?

A

It’s main focus was bringing the southern states back into full political participation in the Union. Guaranteeing rights to former slaves and defining new relationships between African Americans and whites

86
Q

What is the 15th amendment?

A

The right of citizens of the US to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the US or by any state on account of race,color, or previous condition of servitude

87
Q

What is Industrialism?

A

A social or economic system built on manufacturing industries.

88
Q

What happened during the Spanish American War?

A

US victory in the war produced a peace treaty that compelled the parish to relinquish claims on Cuba, and to cede sovereignty over Guam, PR and the Philippines to the US

89
Q

What was The Great Depression?

A

-An economic shock that impacted. Most our tires across the world.
-A major fall in stock prices in the US.

90
Q

What is the First New Deal?

A

A number of US Gov programs put into law to help the country recover from the Great Depression

-Emergency Banking Relief Act
-The Banking Act
-The Civilian Conservation Corps
-The Public Works administration
-The Agricultural Adjustment Act
-The National Industrial Recovery Act

91
Q

What is the Second New Deal?

A

A new round of laws and regulations to fix the economy. The most important aspects was the Social Security.

-The Works Progress Admin
-The Rural Electrification Admin (REA)
-The Social Security Act

92
Q

What were the labor unions?

A

A group of workers who come together to protect their working rights and pay.

Labor strikes pretty much

93
Q

What happned during WW1?

A

-Lasted four years
-Introduced to trench warfare and lethal new tech (poison gas and tanks)
-The assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the main catalyst for the start

94
Q

What happened during WW2?

A

-Hitler invasion of Poland in September 1939 drove Great Britain and France to declare war on Germany
-Pearl Harbor attack
-Treaty of Versailles
-Economic Depression
-Nazism

95
Q

What happened during the Holocaust?

A

Adolf Hitler hated Jewish people and Nazi took control of Germany. They killed as many as possible. 6 million people were killed throughout.

96
Q

Who was Anne Frank?

A

A German-born Jewish girl who kept a diary in which she documented life in hiding under Nazi persecution

97
Q

What is communism?

A

A political theory derived from Karl Marx
The major productive resources in a society—such as mines, acotares, and farms — are owned by the public or state and wealth is divided among citizens equally or according to individual need.

98
Q

What was Sputnik?

A

The first artificial Earth satellite launched by the Soviet Union as part of the Soviet space program.

99
Q

America and Cuba crisis

A

Dwight Eisenhower attacked Cuba to overthrow Castro at the Bay of Pigs.

Recon discovered missile construction to which Dwight responded with a blockade and called Soviet premier to remove all weapons

Khrushchev backed down and withdrew the missiles to which we withdrew the blockade

100
Q

What was the Vietname War?

A

Conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnamese against South Vietnamese and its principal ally, the US

Main purpose to prevent a communist takeover of the region

101
Q

What was the Watergate Scandal?

A

Stemmed from the Nixon admins persistent attempts to cover up its involvement of the break in of the democratic national committee headquarters at Washington DC

102
Q

What was the Iran Contra?

A

A secret arms deal that traded missiles and other arms to free some Americans held hostage by terrorists in Lebanon

103
Q

What was the Persian Gulf Crisis ?

A

The invasion of Kuwait led to a United Nations Security Council embargo and sanctions on Iraq and a U.S led coalition air and ground war

104
Q

What is the major difference between the state and federal government?

A

State have more responsibility for public education that the federal government

105
Q

GIS v GPS?

A

GIS produces maps.

GPS produces time and location identification

106
Q

What did John Lock develop?

A

The concept of social contract between government and the right of the people to alter or abolish a government that did not protect those interest

107
Q

What does the US Constitution consist of?

A

The Preamble, 7 articles, and 27 amendments

108
Q

The value of a country’s currency….

A

Is only absolute within the country that issues it

109
Q

According to 2010 Census data, approximately what percentage of Florida’s population speaks a language other than English at home?

A

25%

110
Q

What is defined as the interaction between potential buyers and sellers of goods and services?

A

Market

111
Q

Whose book inaugurated the modern era of economic analysis?

A

Adam Smith

112
Q

How is the term “capital” currently defined?

A

Real, usable money

113
Q

What are the three branches of the government?

A

Legislative, Judicial, and Executive

114
Q

Who was Ponce de Leon?

A

A spanish explorer and conquistador known for leading the first European expedition to Florida and serving as the 1st governor of Puerto Rico

115
Q

When did NASA begin and under who?

A

1958 and under Dwight D Eisenhower

116
Q

Be able to locate and name…

A

Continents
US and Major Countries
Equator
N and S Poles
Antarctic and Arctic circles
Key Meridians and Parallels
Intl. Date Line and Time Zones

117
Q

What are the four main types of map projections?

A

Conic
Cylindrical
Interrupted
Plane

118
Q

Define economic forces in terms of reasons for the movement of people in the world

A

Financial conditions and aspirations are responsible

119
Q

Define cultural forces in terms of reasons for the movement of people in the world

A

A desire to live with people who are more similar to oneself to find an area with a greater diversity.

Ex: Race, ethnicity, religion, and lifestyle

120
Q

Define physical forces in terms of reasons for the movement of people in the world

A

The purely physical features of an area can influence interest in relocation

Ex: climate, natural disaster, or physical geography

121
Q

Define political forces in terms of reasons for the movement of people in the world

A

Political changes as well as the more enduring qualities of political systems motivate relocation

Ex: immigration laws changing, laws governing freedom, dominant political affiliation, and political practices

122
Q

Brown V Board of Education (1954)

A

Laid the groundwork for desegregation

123
Q

Pierce v Society of Sisters (1925)

A

Established the legitimacy of parochial schools and other private schools

124
Q

Bilingual Education Act (1968)

A

Provides funding for bilingual programs and acknowledge importance of language and culture heritage

125
Q

Serrano V Priest (1971)

A

Brought significant changes in the formula used for funding students in low income districts

126
Q

Title IX of the Education Amendments (1972)

A

Prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex

127
Q

Lau v Nichol (1974)

A

Established steps to be taken by school district if a student was found to have a language deficiency

128
Q

The Individuals with Disabilities Act (1976/1990)

A

Ensure that children receive free assessment for disabilities as well as free and appropriate education in the least restrictive environment

129
Q

Define the government structure and an example: Confederation

A

Weak central government that delegates principal authority to smaller units such as states

Ex: US under the articles of confederation before the constitution was ratified

130
Q

Define the government structure and an example: Federal

A

Sovereignty divided between a central government and a group of states

Ex: US, Brazil, and India

131
Q

Define the government structure and an example: Unitary

A

Centralized authority in which power is concentrated

Ex: France and Japan

132
Q

Define the government structure and an example: Authoritarian

A

Power reside with one or a few individuals with little input from legislative and judicial bodies

Ex: People’s republic of China, Former Soviet Union, Nazi Germany

133
Q

Define the government structure and an example: Parlimentary

A

Combined legislative and executive branches with a prime minister and cabinet selected from within the legislative body

Ex: Great Britain

134
Q

What are some powers of the Federal government?

A

-Regulate foreign and interstate commerce
-Mint money
-Regulate naturalization and immigration
-Grant copyright and patents
-Declare and wage war or peace
-Admit new states
-Fix standards for weights and measures
-Raise and maintain an army and navy
-Govern Washington D.C
-Conduct relations with foreign powers
-Universalize bankruptcy laws

135
Q

What are some of the power of the state government?

A

-Conduct and monitor elections
-Establish voter qualifications within the guidelines established by the Constitution
-Provide for local governments
-Ratify proposed amendments of the Constitution
-Regulate contracts and wills
-Regulate intrastate commerce
-Provide for education for its citizens
-Levy direct taxes

136
Q

What are the supposed functions of the government ?

A

-Maintaining a domestics order
-Protecting its borders
-Establishing a productive economy
-Promote the well-being of the society and its citizens

137
Q

What are the 6 basic principles set forth by the Constitution?

A

Equality of states
3 branches of government
Each person equal before the law
No person is above the law
Ability to change the government by altering the Constitution
Constitution as the highest law of the land

138
Q

What are the Legislative Branch’s power?

A

Economic: Set and collect taxes, borrow money, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, coin money and regular its value, and establish rules concerning bankruptcy

Judicial: Establish courts inferior to the Supreme Court, provide punishment for counterfeiting, and define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas

War powers: Declare, raise and support armies, provide and maintain a navy, and provide for organizing, arming, and calling forth the militia

Other: Establish uniform rules on naturalization, establish post offices and post roads, promote science and the arts by issuing patents and copyrights, and exercise jurisdiction over the seat of the federal government

139
Q

What are the Executive Branch’s powers?

A

-Serve as commander in chief
-Negotiate treaties
-Appoint ambassadors, judges, and other high officials
-Grant pardons and reprieves for those convicted of federal crimes
-Seek counsel of department heads (cabinet secretaries)
-Recommended legislation
-Meet with representatives of foreign states
-See that federal laws are “faithfully executed”

140
Q

What are the Judicial Branch’s powers/ what do they do?

A

System of court that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law in legal cases

141
Q

What are the criteria for becoming a presidential candidate?

A

-Natural born citizen
-Resident of the US for at least 14 years
-Must be at least 35 years old

142
Q

What is the Electoral College?

A

-The process that selects the president of the United States
-Each state gets an elector for each member of Congress from that state (one for each member from the state in the House of Reps. & two more for the states two senators)

143
Q

What was the Judiciary Act of 1789?

A

-The most significant piece of legislation with reference to establishing a federal court network

144
Q

Who are the four women that have serve on the Supreme Court?

A
  1. Sandra Day O’ Connor (1981-2005)
  2. Ruth Badger Ginsburg (1993-Present)
  3. Sonia Sotomayor (2009-Present) (First Hispanic)
  4. Elena Kayan (2010-Present) (Former US Solicitor General
145
Q

What are the main economic institutions in the US?

A
  1. Banks
  2. Credit Unions
  3. The Federal Reserve System
  4. The stock market
146
Q

What is the basic understanding in economics?

A

Wants are unlimited while resources are limited

147
Q

Define Distribution in terms of economy

A

Refers to the apportion of resources, income or wealth as well as to the factors of production

148
Q

What are the 5 major types of economies in the world today ?

A

Command: Rely on a central authority to make decisions

Traditional: rely mainly on custom to determine production and distribution practices

Mixed: Contains element of both command and traditional

Capitalist: Produces resources owned by individuals

Socialist: Produces resources owned collectively by society

149
Q

What are the three main types of resources?

A
  1. Economic: labor, capital, productive agents, and entrepreneurial ability use in production of goods and services
  2. Human: physical and mental talents and efforts of people that are necessary to produce goods and services

3.Natural: materials that are available in a natural state and have economic value (water, timber, or mineral deposits)

150
Q

What is a recession?

A

When a countrys economy slowed and then continued with increased unemployment

151
Q

What is the study of economic issues specific to a household, firm, or industry?

A

Microeconomics

152
Q

What is Macroeconomics

A

Refers to national or international Econ

153
Q

What is the connections among countries in terms of trade, finance, and other areas of the economy?

A

Global interdependence

154
Q

In the summer of 1765, the Sons of Liberty organized to protest against the…

A

Stamp Act

155
Q

Which of the following revenue collection attempts has been seen as an immediate precipitating cause of the Revolutionary War?

A

Tea Act

156
Q

What was a result of the Dred Scott case?

A

The Missouri Compromise was ruled as unconstitutional.

157
Q

Which event contributed to the end of the medieval period in European history?

A

The Crusade

158
Q

Block printing originated in what country?

A

China

159
Q

The belief system founded in China by Lao-tzu is

A

Taoism

160
Q

Which ancient civilization invented gunpowder?

A

China

161
Q

The Code of Justinian was developed in which empire?

A

Byzantine

162
Q

Which system rewarded conquistadors with tracts of land and the right to tax and demand labor from Native Americans who lived on the land?

A

Encomienda

163
Q

The theory of government found in the Declaration of Independence originated with the ideas of

A

John Locke

164
Q

Who explored Florida, became governor, died of a fever, and was buried in the Mississippi River?

A

Hernando de Soto

165
Q

Which of the following came about as a result of the industrialization of America in the late 1800s18 hundreds?

A

The Progressive Era

166
Q

Which immigrant gained recognition as the king of the steel industry?

A

Andrew Carnegie

167
Q

The policy initiated by President Nixon to relax tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union was

A

détente

168
Q

The Treaty of Paris of 1763 gave which European nation control of most of the territory east of the Mississippi River, to include the 13 colonies?

A

England

169
Q

Many of China’s first inhabitants had to produce their own goods rather than obtaining them through trade because

A

It’s isolation of geographical barriers

170
Q

Which amendment gave women the right to vote?

A

19th

171
Q

In Florida, property taxes are primarily used to raise revenue at which of the following levels of government?

A

County

172
Q

27 Amendments

A

Yes

173
Q

An individual’s right to security is protected by

A

Due process of law

174
Q

The type of primary in which voters may choose to participate in either political party’s primary regardless of their own affiliation is known as a(an)

A

Open primary

175
Q

The Arab oil embargo, begun in 197319 73 after the U.S. decision to aid Israel, was most significant because..

A

The US realized it did not have unlimited resources and needed fuel.

176
Q

The economic expansion after World War II resulted primarily from

A

Significant advances in technology

FTCE (4 decks)

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