Social Science Flashcards
1
Q
Primary Source v Secondary Source
A
Primary - Any material created by a person (firsthand account).
Examples:published books, manuscripts, letters, diaries or journals, documents, records, speeches, music, interviews, household appliances or tools, toys, buildings, monuments, clothing, photographs, film/video, maps, fine arts, cemeteries, cultural landscapes, & parks
Secondary- material created by someone who did not see the event take place and was done WELL after the event.
Examples: textbooks, documentaries, dictionaries, encyclopedias, and websites
2
Q
What are the three periods of the Stone Age?
A
Paleolithic
Mesolithic
Neolithic
3
Q
What were the ancient civilizations of Sumer in 4000-2000 BC?
A
Mesopotamia
4
Q
How long did Mesopotamia lasted and what did they invent?
A
-4000-2000 BC
-Invented writing (cuneiform)
-Absorbed into other empires a and dynasties after 538 BCE
5
Q
Who unified Egypt around 3200 BC?
A
Menes or Narmer
6
Q
How was Greece organized and how long did it last?
A
Organized around city-state from 800-500 BC (300 yrs)
7
Q
When was Rome founded ?
A
753 BC
8
Q
In 312 AD what did Emperor Constantine do to the religion of the Byzantine Empire? What did he tolerate ?
A
-Converted to Christianity
-Ordered toleration in the Edict of Milan (313 AD)
9
Q
When was Mohammed born ? When did he march into Mecca?
A
-About 570 AD
-In 630 AD
10
Q
Where did Chinese Empires originate ?
A
In the Yellow River Valley
11
Q
What Indian empire was around in the 3rd century BC ?
A
Mauryan Empire
12
Q
Who occupied large sections in African Kingdoms? What did they live in ?
A
Bantu and they lived in tiny chiefdoms
13
Q
In the early Civilizations of Americas , what were they known for ?
A
Agriculture
14
Q
When did then Palestines and Hebrews flee under Moses?
A
1200 BC
15
Q
When did David reign over the Palestines and Hebrews?
A
1012-972 King David reigned
16
Q
When were the pyramids in Egypt built?
A
4th Dynasty (2613-2494 BC)
17
Q
Who controlled Egypt after 1085 BC until 30 BC?
A
Assyrians,Persians, Alexander the Great, and the Roman Empire in 30 BC
18
Q
What did Egypt develop?
A
Papyrus and many medical advances
19
Q
Who replaced the Oligarchs in Greece after the 6th century?
A
Democratic Government
20
Q
What century was the Classical Age in Greece?
A
5th century
21
Q
When did the Persian Wars in Greece start and end ?
A
560-479 BC
22
Q
Who rebuilt Athens and when ?
A
Pericles in 495-429 BC using Delians money
23
Q
When did Buddhism disappear from India?
A
13th century
24
Q
Who were the Particians in Rome? What did they do?
A
Wealthy landowners who held power in the time of early republic
25
Who emerged in Rome during the 60’s and 70’s BC?
Pompey and Julius Caesar
26
What did Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus form in 115 BC? When did it end?
First Triumvirate which ended in 53 BC
27
Who assassinated Caesar and when?
Crassus and Brutus on March 15, 44 BC
28
Who succeeded Caesar ? When did he reign?
Octavian his nephew and reigned from 27-14 BC
29
When did Constantinople fall and to who?
1453 AD by the Ottoman Turks
30
What outlines the 5 pillars of faith for Muslims to observe in Islamic Civilization?
The Sharia
31
How many sutras does the Koran contain?
114
32
The emperor of Japan received power and the samurai class lost its special privileges during what ?
The Meiji Restoration of 1868
33
What 3 dynasties ruled China?
the Xia or Hsia, the Shang (1500-1122 BC), and the Zhou (1122 to 211 BC)
34
What was welcomed after the Zhou dynasty fell?
Teachings of Confucius
35
Where did the Mayan people reside in?
Yucatán, Guatemala, and Eastern Honduras
36
What were the controlled areas of the Inca?
Areas stretching from Ecuador to central Chile
37
Which two ancient cultures are still present today?
Anasazi and Hohokam
38
Who was the most important medieval Germanic state?
The Frankish Kingdom
39
Who founded the Carolingian Dynasty ?
Charles the Great or Charlemagne
40
Who named Charlemagne the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire?
Leo 3 in 800 AD
41
What was Feudalism?
The decentralized political system of personal ties and obligations that bound vassals to their lords
42
Who signed the Magna Carta and what did it establish?
King John 1 and helped establish the principle that the British king is subject to the law
43
What did the Crusades attempt to do ?
Liberate the Holy Land from infidels
44
What did the Crusaders end up doing?
Massacred thousands of Jews and Muslims and relations between Europe and the Byzantine Empire collapsed
45
Scholasticism
An effort to reconcile reason and faith and to instruct Christians on how to make sense of the again tradition
46
What was the Black Death?
A rampant pandemic of the Middle Ages cattle by fleas on rats brought to Asia
47
What was Martin Luther known for?
His work with salvation and Christianity. He nailed 95 statements about indulgences to the door of Wittenberg church and challenged the practice of selling them.
48
What was Calvinism?
Major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice set down by John Calvin
49
What was the Thirty Years War, how did it end and what did it result in?
Religious war fought between Roman Catholics and Protestants in Germany. It ended with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. It resulted in changed boundaries of most European countries
50
Enlightenment Era and its affect on American Colonies
The belief in the autonomy of mans intellect apart from God. Greater interest in Science and learning
51
What does PERSIA represent?
Political, Economic, Religion, Social, Intellectual/Arts, Area/Geography
52
What was the most notorious event of The French Revolution ?
Reign of Terror
53
Who was executed during the French Revolution?
Marie Antoinette and Louis XVI
54
How was Napoleon like during the Neopoleonic era?
A tyrant who repressed and exploited them for French’s glory and advantage. His inability to conquered England resulted in his downfall.
55
What was the Industrial Revolution?
A period of transition when machines began to significantly displace human and animal power in methods of producing and distributing goods and when an agricultural and commercial society became an industrial one.
56
What is Scientific Socialism or Marxism?
Created by Karl Marx who intended to replace utopian hopes and dreams with a militant blueprint for socialist working-class success.
It has 4 key propositions
57
What did Vasco Nunez Balboa do?
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean
58
Who was Hernando Cortez
Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire.
59
What did Francisco Pizarro do?
After Cortez, He defeated the Incas in Peru.
60
Who is Don Juan de Onate?
Conquistador who established the colony of New Mexico for Spain.
61
What was Roanoke?
Ambitious attempt by Sir Walter Raleigh to establish a permanent North American settlement with the purpose of harassing the Spanish and christianizing the Indians
62
Jamestown Settlement ?
Primary goal was to find gold and to find a water route to Asia
63
What were the Salem Witch Trials
A series of hangings and prosecution of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between 1692-1693
64
What was The Great Awakening ?
A period in which several well-known preachers traveled through British North America giving speeches and arguing for the need to revive religious piety and close relationships with God
65
What was the Sugar Act?
Taxed sugar, molasses, and other products imported into American colonies from non-British Caribbean sources
66
What was the Stamp Act?
It imposed a direct tax on colonists for the first time. It was passed to help replenish their finances after the costly 7 years war with France
67
What was the Tea Act?
The principle objective was to reduce the massive amount of tea held by the financially troubled British East India Company
Gave all control of trade and delivery of tea to the E India Tea company
68
What was the Boston Tea Party?
A political protest that occurred on December 16, 1773, at Griffin’s Wharf in Boston.
American colonists, frustrated and angry at Britain for imposing “taxation without representation,” dumped 342 chests of tea, imported by the British East India Company into the harbor.
69
Explain the Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson worked on a restatement of political ideas by then commonplace in America and an explanation of why the former colonist felt justified in separating from Great Britain
70
What was the Treaty of Paris?
-It ended the 7 years’ war between French and Great Britain as well as their allies (War of the American Revolution)
-France gave up all its territories in mainland NA
-Recognized US independence and granted western territory at Mississippi River
AND MORE
71
What are the Bill of Rights?
Compromises the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution
1.Freedom of worship, speech, press, assembly, and petition
2. Bear arms
3. Forbid use of private homes for troops
4. Forbids unreasonable arrest, search and seizures
5. Guarantees various legal protections, including due process and provision that people not testify against themselves
6. Guarantees various legal protections, including access to counsel for those accused of a crime
7. Guarantees a tribal by jury in civil cases
8. Forbids excessive penalties including cruel and unusual punishment
9. Indicates that citizens posses rights over and above those named in the Articles and BOR
10. Grants to states and citizens those rights not granted to federal government
72
What is the Monroe doctrine?
Warns European nations that the US would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs
73
Marbury v. Madison
Established the Supreme Court’s power of judicial review over federal legislation
74
Gibbons v Ogden
Case that decided that the federal government has exclusive power over interstate commerce
75
What is The Missouri Compromise?
A federal legislation of the US that balanced desires of northern states to prevent expansion of slavery in the country with those of southern states to expand it
76
What is The Manifest Destiny?
The idea that the US is destined —by God, its advocates believed— to expand its domain and spread democracy and capitalism across the entire North American continent
77
What was Westward Expansion?
Overland trails were built by pioneers throughout the 19th century as an alternative to sea and railroad transport
78
What was the Mexican-American War?
A disputed boundary between US and Texas on the Nueces strip whether Texas ended on the Nueces River (Mexican claim) of the Rio Grande (US Claim)
79
What happend during the Civil War?
Differences between the free and slave states over the power of the national government to prohibit slavery in territories that had not yet become states
80
What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
A territorial organic act that created Kansas and Nebraska and allowed for popular sovereignty
Also produced “Bleeding Kansas’ as pro and anti slaery activists flooded into the territories to sway the vote
81
What was the Dred Scott V Sandfor case?
A controversial court ruling that decided that he who descended from slaves was not an American citizen
82
What was the Homestead Act?
-The act to help develop the American West and spur economic growth
-Several laws by which an applicant could acquire ownership pf government land or the public domain, typically a homestead
83
What was the Emancipation Proclamation/
Declared that all persons held as slaves “within the rebellious states” are free
84
Who was Robert E. Lee?
A confederate military general whose effort to reunited the country following the American Civil War was his greatest contribution
85
What was the main purpose of the Reconstruction Era?
It’s main focus was bringing the southern states back into full political participation in the Union. Guaranteeing rights to former slaves and defining new relationships between African Americans and whites
86
What is the 15th amendment?
The right of citizens of the US to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the US or by any state on account of race,color, or previous condition of servitude
87
What is Industrialism?
A social or economic system built on manufacturing industries.
88
What happened during the Spanish American War?
US victory in the war produced a peace treaty that compelled the parish to relinquish claims on Cuba, and to cede sovereignty over Guam, PR and the Philippines to the US
89
What was The Great Depression?
-An economic shock that impacted. Most our tires across the world.
-A major fall in stock prices in the US.
90
What is the First New Deal?
A number of US Gov programs put into law to help the country recover from the Great Depression
-Emergency Banking Relief Act
-The Banking Act
-The Civilian Conservation Corps
-The Public Works administration
-The Agricultural Adjustment Act
-The National Industrial Recovery Act
91
What is the Second New Deal?
A new round of laws and regulations to fix the economy. The most important aspects was the Social Security.
-The Works Progress Admin
-The Rural Electrification Admin (REA)
-The Social Security Act
92
What were the labor unions?
A group of workers who come together to protect their working rights and pay.
Labor strikes pretty much
93
What happned during WW1?
-Lasted four years
-Introduced to trench warfare and lethal new tech (poison gas and tanks)
-The assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the main catalyst for the start
94
What happened during WW2?
-Hitler invasion of Poland in September 1939 drove Great Britain and France to declare war on Germany
-Pearl Harbor attack
-Treaty of Versailles
-Economic Depression
-Nazism
95
What happened during the Holocaust?
Adolf Hitler hated Jewish people and Nazi took control of Germany. They killed as many as possible. 6 million people were killed throughout.
96
Who was Anne Frank?
A German-born Jewish girl who kept a diary in which she documented life in hiding under Nazi persecution
97
What is communism?
A political theory derived from Karl Marx
The major productive resources in a society—such as mines, acotares, and farms — are owned by the public or state and wealth is divided among citizens equally or according to individual need.
98
What was Sputnik?
The first artificial Earth satellite launched by the Soviet Union as part of the Soviet space program.
99
America and Cuba crisis
Dwight Eisenhower attacked Cuba to overthrow Castro at the Bay of Pigs.
Recon discovered missile construction to which Dwight responded with a blockade and called Soviet premier to remove all weapons
Khrushchev backed down and withdrew the missiles to which we withdrew the blockade
100
What was the Vietname War?
Conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnamese against South Vietnamese and its principal ally, the US
Main purpose to prevent a communist takeover of the region
101
What was the Watergate Scandal?
Stemmed from the Nixon admins persistent attempts to cover up its involvement of the break in of the democratic national committee headquarters at Washington DC
102
What was the Iran Contra?
A secret arms deal that traded missiles and other arms to free some Americans held hostage by terrorists in Lebanon
103
What was the Persian Gulf Crisis ?
The invasion of Kuwait led to a United Nations Security Council embargo and sanctions on Iraq and a U.S led coalition air and ground war
104
What is the major difference between the state and federal government?
State have more responsibility for public education that the federal government
105
GIS v GPS?
GIS produces maps.
GPS produces time and location identification
106
What did John Lock develop?
The concept of social contract between government and the right of the people to alter or abolish a government that did not protect those interest
107
What does the US Constitution consist of?
The Preamble, 7 articles, and 27 amendments
108
The value of a country’s currency….
Is only absolute within the country that issues it
109
According to 2010 Census data, approximately what percentage of Florida's population speaks a language other than English at home?
25%
110
What is defined as the interaction between potential buyers and sellers of goods and services?
Market
111
Whose book inaugurated the modern era of economic analysis?
Adam Smith
112
How is the term “capital” currently defined?
Real, usable money
113
What are the three branches of the government?
Legislative, Judicial, and Executive
114
Who was Ponce de Leon?
A spanish explorer and conquistador known for leading the first European expedition to Florida and serving as the 1st governor of Puerto Rico
115
When did NASA begin and under who?
1958 and under Dwight D Eisenhower
116
Be able to locate and name…
Continents
US and Major Countries
Equator
N and S Poles
Antarctic and Arctic circles
Key Meridians and Parallels
Intl. Date Line and Time Zones
117
What are the four main types of map projections?
Conic
Cylindrical
Interrupted
Plane
118
Define economic forces in terms of reasons for the movement of people in the world
Financial conditions and aspirations are responsible
119
Define cultural forces in terms of reasons for the movement of people in the world
A desire to live with people who are more similar to oneself to find an area with a greater diversity.
Ex: Race, ethnicity, religion, and lifestyle
120
Define physical forces in terms of reasons for the movement of people in the world
The purely physical features of an area can influence interest in relocation
Ex: climate, natural disaster, or physical geography
121
Define political forces in terms of reasons for the movement of people in the world
Political changes as well as the more enduring qualities of political systems motivate relocation
Ex: immigration laws changing, laws governing freedom, dominant political affiliation, and political practices
122
Brown V Board of Education (1954)
Laid the groundwork for desegregation
123
Pierce v Society of Sisters (1925)
Established the legitimacy of parochial schools and other private schools
124
Bilingual Education Act (1968)
Provides funding for bilingual programs and acknowledge importance of language and culture heritage
125
Serrano V Priest (1971)
Brought significant changes in the formula used for funding students in low income districts
126
Title IX of the Education Amendments (1972)
Prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex
127
Lau v Nichol (1974)
Established steps to be taken by school district if a student was found to have a language deficiency
128
The Individuals with Disabilities Act (1976/1990)
Ensure that children receive free assessment for disabilities as well as free and appropriate education in the least restrictive environment
129
Define the government structure and an example: Confederation
Weak central government that delegates principal authority to smaller units such as states
Ex: US under the articles of confederation before the constitution was ratified
130
Define the government structure and an example: Federal
Sovereignty divided between a central government and a group of states
Ex: US, Brazil, and India
131
Define the government structure and an example: Unitary
Centralized authority in which power is concentrated
Ex: France and Japan
132
Define the government structure and an example: Authoritarian
Power reside with one or a few individuals with little input from legislative and judicial bodies
Ex: People’s republic of China, Former Soviet Union, Nazi Germany
133
Define the government structure and an example: Parlimentary
Combined legislative and executive branches with a prime minister and cabinet selected from within the legislative body
Ex: Great Britain
134
What are some powers of the Federal government?
-Regulate foreign and interstate commerce
-Mint money
-Regulate naturalization and immigration
-Grant copyright and patents
-Declare and wage war or peace
-Admit new states
-Fix standards for weights and measures
-Raise and maintain an army and navy
-Govern Washington D.C
-Conduct relations with foreign powers
-Universalize bankruptcy laws
135
What are some of the power of the state government?
-Conduct and monitor elections
-Establish voter qualifications within the guidelines established by the Constitution
-Provide for local governments
-Ratify proposed amendments of the Constitution
-Regulate contracts and wills
-Regulate intrastate commerce
-Provide for education for its citizens
-Levy direct taxes
136
What are the supposed functions of the government ?
-Maintaining a domestics order
-Protecting its borders
-Establishing a productive economy
-Promote the well-being of the society and its citizens
137
What are the 6 basic principles set forth by the Constitution?
Equality of states
3 branches of government
Each person equal before the law
No person is above the law
Ability to change the government by altering the Constitution
Constitution as the highest law of the land
138
What are the Legislative Branch’s power?
Economic: Set and collect taxes, borrow money, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, coin money and regular its value, and establish rules concerning bankruptcy
Judicial: Establish courts inferior to the Supreme Court, provide punishment for counterfeiting, and define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas
War powers: Declare, raise and support armies, provide and maintain a navy, and provide for organizing, arming, and calling forth the militia
Other: Establish uniform rules on naturalization, establish post offices and post roads, promote science and the arts by issuing patents and copyrights, and exercise jurisdiction over the seat of the federal government
139
What are the Executive Branch’s powers?
-Serve as commander in chief
-Negotiate treaties
-Appoint ambassadors, judges, and other high officials
-Grant pardons and reprieves for those convicted of federal crimes
-Seek counsel of department heads (cabinet secretaries)
-Recommended legislation
-Meet with representatives of foreign states
-See that federal laws are “faithfully executed”
140
What are the Judicial Branch’s powers/ what do they do?
System of court that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law in legal cases
141
What are the criteria for becoming a presidential candidate?
-Natural born citizen
-Resident of the US for at least 14 years
-Must be at least 35 years old
142
What is the Electoral College?
-The process that selects the president of the United States
-Each state gets an elector for each member of Congress from that state (one for each member from the state in the House of Reps. & two more for the states two senators)
143
What was the Judiciary Act of 1789?
-The most significant piece of legislation with reference to establishing a federal court network
144
Who are the four women that have serve on the Supreme Court?
1. Sandra Day O’ Connor (1981-2005)
2. Ruth Badger Ginsburg (1993-Present)
3. Sonia Sotomayor (2009-Present) (First Hispanic)
4. Elena Kayan (2010-Present) (Former US Solicitor General
145
What are the main economic institutions in the US?
1. Banks
2. Credit Unions
3. The Federal Reserve System
4. The stock market
146
What is the basic understanding in economics?
Wants are unlimited while resources are limited
147
Define Distribution in terms of economy
Refers to the apportion of resources, income or wealth as well as to the factors of production
148
What are the 5 major types of economies in the world today ?
Command: Rely on a central authority to make decisions
Traditional: rely mainly on custom to determine production and distribution practices
Mixed: Contains element of both command and traditional
Capitalist: Produces resources owned by individuals
Socialist: Produces resources owned collectively by society
149
What are the three main types of resources?
1. Economic: labor, capital, productive agents, and entrepreneurial ability use in production of goods and services
2. Human: physical and mental talents and efforts of people that are necessary to produce goods and services
3.Natural: materials that are available in a natural state and have economic value (water, timber, or mineral deposits)
150
What is a recession?
When a countrys economy slowed and then continued with increased unemployment
151
What is the study of economic issues specific to a household, firm, or industry?
Microeconomics
152
What is Macroeconomics
Refers to national or international Econ
153
What is the connections among countries in terms of trade, finance, and other areas of the economy?
Global interdependence
154
In the summer of 1765, the Sons of Liberty organized to protest against the…
Stamp Act
155
Which of the following revenue collection attempts has been seen as an immediate precipitating cause of the Revolutionary War?
Tea Act
156
What was a result of the Dred Scott case?
The Missouri Compromise was ruled as unconstitutional.
157
Which event contributed to the end of the medieval period in European history?
The Crusade
158
Block printing originated in what country?
China
159
The belief system founded in China by Lao-tzu is
Taoism
160
Which ancient civilization invented gunpowder?
China
161
The Code of Justinian was developed in which empire?
Byzantine
162
Which system rewarded conquistadors with tracts of land and the right to tax and demand labor from Native Americans who lived on the land?
Encomienda
163
The theory of government found in the Declaration of Independence originated with the ideas of
John Locke
164
Who explored Florida, became governor, died of a fever, and was buried in the Mississippi River?
Hernando de Soto
165
Which of the following came about as a result of the industrialization of America in the late 1800s18 hundreds?
The Progressive Era
166
Which immigrant gained recognition as the king of the steel industry?
Andrew Carnegie
167
The policy initiated by President Nixon to relax tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union was
détente
168
The Treaty of Paris of 1763 gave which European nation control of most of the territory east of the Mississippi River, to include the 13 colonies?
England
169
Many of China's first inhabitants had to produce their own goods rather than obtaining them through trade because
It’s isolation of geographical barriers
170
Which amendment gave women the right to vote?
19th
171
In Florida, property taxes are primarily used to raise revenue at which of the following levels of government?
County
172
27 Amendments
Yes
173
An individual's right to security is protected by
Due process of law
174
The type of primary in which voters may choose to participate in either political party's primary regardless of their own affiliation is known as a(an)
Open primary
175
The Arab oil embargo, begun in 197319 73 after the U.S. decision to aid Israel, was most significant because..
The US realized it did not have unlimited resources and needed fuel.
176
The economic expansion after World War II resulted primarily from
Significant advances in technology
