Social Relationships Flashcards
Marriage
Intimate relations between spouses that creates culturally recognized in-law kin relations
Affinal
relationships based on affinity (marriage)
Consanguineal
Relationships based blood (descent)
Prescriptive marriage
Certain kinds of marriage that are promoted to ensure reproduction of a groups own memberships or alliances
Fathers Sisters Daughter
Direct exchange marriage where the descent line that has received a wife in one generation gives a wife back in the next generation
Mothers Brothers Daughter
Asymmetrical exchange marriage where men always find wives in the descent line where their mother came from
Bridewealth
The transfer of certain symbolical important goods from the family of the groom to the family of the bride representing compensation to the wife’s lineage for the loss of her labour and for child-bearing capabilities
Bride Service
A form of marriage exchange in which the groom works for his parents-in-laws for a certain period of time before returning home with the bride
Groomprice
The transfer of certain symbolically important goods form the family of the bride to the family of the groom representing compensation to the groom’s lineage for the loss of his labour
Dowry
The transfer of wealth from parents to their child (usually a daughter) at the time of the child’s marriage
Four main marriage patterns
- Incest Taboo
- Endogamy/Exogamy
- Monogamy/Polygamy
Incest Taboo
In all societies some kin are off limits as spouses/sexual partners
Endogamy
Marriage within a defined social group
Exogamy
Marriage outside a defined social group
Monogamy
A marriage pattern in which a person may be married to only one person at a time
Polygamy
A marriage pattern in which a person may be married to more than one person at a time
Polygyny
Marriage of a man to more than one woman
Polyandry
Marriage of a woman to more than one man
6 Residence Patterns
- Neolocal
- Patrilocal
- Matrilocal
- Avunulocal
- Ambilocal
- Duolocal
Neolocal
In a place of their own choosing
Patrilocal
With or near the husbands fathers family
Matrilocal
With or near the family in which the wife was raised
Avunculocal
With or near the husbands mothers brother
Ambilocal
First with the family of one spouse and then the other family: eventually choose which family the want to affiliate with permanently
Duolocal
Each partner lives with their own lineage even after marriage
Diagrams
Systematic way of presenting data on the kinship relations of an individual called ego
Geneology
Diagram tracing descent of ego to a common earliest ancestor
Lineages
A descent group composed of consanguineal members, or blood relatives, who believe they can trace their descent from know ancestors
Bilateral Descent
The principle that a descent group is formed by people who believe they are related to each other by connections made through their mothers and fathers equally
Unilateral Descent
The principle that a descendant group is formed by people who believe they are related to each other by links made through one parent only
Prototype Kinship Patterns (6)
- Iroquois
- Eskimo
- Hawaiian
- Crow
- Omaha
- Sudanese
Eskimo
Bilineal
Emphasis on the nuclear family
Iroquois
Unilateral
Different terms for relatives of the mothers and fathers sides
Distinction between cross and parallel cousins
Hawaiian
Generational system
Simplest - Difference are distinguished by generation and gender
