Organization and Power

Question 1

Social Organization

Answer 1

The patterning of human interdependence in a given society through the actions and decisions of its members

Question 2

Power

Answer 2

Tranformative capacity; the ability to transform a given situation

Question 3

Domination

Answer 3

Coercive rule

Question 4

Persuation

Answer 4

Power based on verbal argument

Question 5

Resistance

Answer 5

The power to refuse being forced against ones will to conform to someone else’s wishes

Question 6

Consensus

Answer 6

An agreement to which all parties collectively give their assent

Question 7

Hegemony

Answer 7

A system of leadership in which rulers persuade subordinates to accept the ideology of the dominant group by offering mutual accommodations that nevertheless preserve the rulers’ privileged position

Question 8

Political Antropologists

Answer 8

Address the area of human behaviour and thought related to power

Question 9

5 Types of Political Organizations

Answer 9

1. Band
2. Tribe
3. Chiefdom
4. Confederacy
5. State

Question 10

Band

Answer 10

Foraging groups comprised of a small group of households
Between 20 and a few hundred people
Membership is flexible
Leader is first among equals

Question 11

Tribe

Answer 11

Horticulture and pastoral groups comprised of several band each with similar lifestyle, language, and occupying a distinct territory
Leadership is a part-time basis and combines

Question 12

Chiefdom

Answer 12

Permanently allied tribes and villages under one leader
Larger populations
Heritable systems of rank and social stratification

Question 13

Confederacy

Answer 13

Expanded version of chiefdom

Occurs when several chiefdoms are joined in a confederacy and joined by a chief-of-all-chiefs

Question 14

State

Answer 14

Define citizenship, rights, and responsibilities
Maintain law and order
Keep track of their citizens

Question 15

Social Control

Answer 15

Processes which help to produce and maintain orderly social life

Question 16

Norms

Answer 16

Behavioural codes that guide peoples actions to conform to social acceptability
Three types
1. Folkways - everyday customs
2. Mores - norms based on broad societal morals
3. Laws - codified social sanctions

Question 17

Social Control in small-scale Societies

Answer 17

Formal laws are rare

Punishment is often naming and shaming

Question 18

Social Control in Large-Scale Societies

Answer 18

Increased specialization of tasks related to law and order

Processes are more formal and based on law

Question 19

Legal Pluralism

Answer 19

A situation in which more than one kind of legal process might be applied was created through the colonial legacy

Question 20

Ethnic Cleansing

Answer 20

The eradication of one ethnic or religious community by another within a particular region

Question 21

Genocide

Answer 21

The deliberate and systematic killing a specific ethnic or national group by the authorities

Question 22

Ethnocide

Answer 22

Intentional and systematic destruction of the culture of an ethnic group

Question 23

Prejudice

Answer 23

Unfavourable, generalized and rigid belief applied to all members of a group

Question 24

Discrimination

Answer 24

Practices that deny members of particular groups equal access to societal rewards

Question 25

Institutional Racism

Answer 25

Discriminatory racial practices built into prominent structures such as political, economic and educational systems