Social Relations

Question 1

social relations

Answer 1

relate to number of offspring, or genes, contributed by an individual to future generations

• sexual reproduction is key
• male, female or hermaphrodite

Question 2

mating choice vs predation

Answer 2

the effects of female mate choice on evolution of ornamentation in males can be reduced by some sources of natural selection

Question 3

sexual selection

Answer 3

results from differences in reproductive rates among individuals due to different mating success
intrasexual - individuals of one sex compete for mates
intersexual - members of one sex choose mates based on a trait

Question 4

mate choice and resource provisioning

Answer 4

females of some species select mates based on male’s ability to provide resources
- scorpion flies

Question 5

nonrandom mating in plant populations

Answer 5

plants exhibit nonrandom mating and sexual selection

• competition among pollen from different pollen donors’-
• competition between males
• selective abortions by females

Question 6

sociality

Answer 6

evolution of sociality in many species appears driven by need for group defence and high quality of territories and or defence of mates and young

Question 7

eusociality criteria

Answer 7

complex level of social behaviours such as colonies

1. individuals of more than one generation living together
2. cooperative care for young
3. division of individuals into sterile and reproductive castes

Question 8

inclusive fitness

Answer 8

own survival and reproduction but also survival and reproduction of those an individual shares genes with increases fitness

Question 9

kin selection

Answer 9

evolutionary force favouring helping others (Hamilton’s rule)

Question 10

eusociality evolution

Answer 10

kin selection and ecological constraints may have played key roles in the evolution of eusociality
- division of labour in leaf cutter ant and naked mole rat colonies is based on size