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Social Psychology > Social Psychology Test 1 > Flashcards

Social Psychology Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Cognitive Bias?

A

Inferences about people or situations that are drawn in an illogical fashion

ex: Conformation bias or Hindsight bias “I knew it all along”

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2
Q

What are attributions?

A

An explanation of why yourself or others are engaged in a certain behavior

ex: dancing at a party vs. dancing on a dinner table

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3
Q

What is an Internal attribution?

A

An attribution based on stable traits about the person.

ex: personality… being crazy for dancing on a table.

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4
Q

What is an External attribution?

A

An attribution based on situational/ environmental factors

ex: location (party)

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5
Q

What is the Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE)?

A

Tendency to make dispositional attributions for others’ behavior, even when plausible situational explanations exist

ex: ignoring the fact that people didn’t choose to write about Castro.

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6
Q

What is Actor- Observer Bias?

A

Tendency to make internal attributions for others behaviors

ex: They are an ass

Tendency to make external attributions for our own behaviors

ex: The dog had rabies

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7
Q

What is Sedikides study of attributing credit?

A

People who were in the better group attributed the success to internal reasons & people in the poor group attributed it to external reasons.

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8
Q

What is the Self- Serving Biases?

A

Taking credit for successes (internal attributions) OR blaming other people/factors for failures (external attributions)

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9
Q

What is a Heuristics?

A

Mental shortcuts that provide quick estimates about the likelihood of events.

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10
Q

What is the Availability Heuristic?

A

Tendency to estimate likelihood of event by how easily it comes to mind

ex: only having to come up with 3 examples vs. 6

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11
Q

What is the Simulation Heuristic?

A

Tendency to be influenced by the ease with which you can imagine (or mentally simulate) an event

ex: missing a flight by 2 min (almost there)

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12
Q

What is the concept of Anchoring & Adjustment?

A

When people anchor on to what was suggested and then adjust it accordingly

Tendency to be influenced by a starting point (anchor) when making decisions

ex: 3000mil vs. 6000mil
ex: How happy will you be in 20 days?
ex: Drinking

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13
Q

What is the Conjunctive Fallacy?

A

Believing the probability of 2 events being true is more likely than just 1 being true

ex: specifics make it easier to believe

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14
Q

What is the Representativeness Heuristic?

A

Tendency to estimate the likelihood of event by how well it matches your expectations

ex: flipping all heads vs. heads and tails

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15
Q

What is False Uniqueness?

A

Underestimating the number of people who share our positive characteristics

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16
Q

What did Thomas Malthus believe about population?

A

If things are left unchecked populations grow exponentially ex:rabbits

But there are checks and balances on population.

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17
Q

What did Charles Darwin believe?

A

Proposed evolution by natural selection. Not natural selection but the means of it

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18
Q

What is a Gene?

A

A section of DNA on a specific location of a chromosome.

Ex: gene for hair color

19
Q

What are Alleles?

A

A version of a gene that codes for specific protein

ex: Blonde or brunette hair color

20
Q

What is humility?

A

Being humble and admitting you don’t know everything

21
Q

What is the Naturalistic Fallacy?

A

It occurs in nature so it must be good

ex: eating placenta after birth

22
Q

What is the Moralistic Fallacy?

A

If it is terrible, it is not true.

Immoral things dont happen in nature.

23
Q

What is the Confirmation Bias?

A

The tendency for people to favor information that confirms their beliefs or hypotheses.

24
Q

What is Operationalization?

A

To make something measurable.

Define a concept in a way that other researchers can use in their studies.

Tell people how you measured the concept.

25
Q

What are the 3 principles of natural selection?

A
  1. Variation
  2. Variation affects survival & reproduction
  3. Variation is heritable
26
Q

What is Evolutionary Psychology?

A

Applies principles of natural selection to the human brain

How are brains have been shaped by natural selection.

27
Q

What is a proximate Question?

A

A question that examines actual states of an organism and immediate cues to the environment. Most areas of Psy.

ex: Who? What? How? Which?

28
Q

What is an ultimate question?

A

Questions that observe evolutionary pressures WHY QUESTIONS!!! Long range causes

29
Q

What is the order of human evolution?

A

Australopithecine –> Homo Habilis –> Homo Erectus –> Homo Heidelbergensis (Neanderthals) –> Homo Sapiens

30
Q

What are the functions of emotion?

A

Motivational Signal our intentions/ commitments to others.

31
Q

What is Franks Commitment Theory?

A

Blushing signals trustworthiness

32
Q

Robert Franks idea that love is…

A

A contract

ex: Landlord/ Tennant

33
Q

What was Buss conclusion about sexual emotion and jealousy?

A

Men find sexual infidelity worse

Women find emotional infidelity worse

34
Q

What was Kuhle conclusion about questions asked by men and women?

A

Men asked more about sex and denied feelings

Women asked emotional questions and denied having sex

35
Q

What is Cuckoldry?

A

Investing in another mans offspring

36
Q

What is indignation?

A

strong displeasure of something considered unjust

ex: Turning down $2 just so they don’t get $8

37
Q

Explain Ketelaar and Au Ultimatum guilt game w/t 2 trials

A

Guilty people were more generous the second time Non-guilty people did not make a generous offer the second time.

38
Q

True or false Happiness (good) is stronger feeling than bad.

A

False!

39
Q

What is Haselton and Nettle’s Paranoid optimist concept?

A

Paranoid: We avoid dangerous things that make us sick

Optimist: Positive self illusion, think we have more control than we actually do and our future will be bright.

Causes cautiousness and motivation.

40
Q

What is Hamilton’s rule? What does it relate to?

A

Hamilton’s rule: r b > c r = relatedness b = benefit to helpee (relative) c = cost to helper (me)

It relates to helping your kin more than a random stranger!

41
Q

What is Humility?

A

The ability to admit that it is ok to not know the answer.

42
Q

What is the concept inheritance?

Hint: Big muscles…

A

Traits that you develop during your life time do not get passed on to your off spring.

43
Q

Who is Alfred Russell Wallace?

A

Also came up with the concept of natural selection.

44
Q

What is heritability?

A

The laws of genetics…

  1. Traits do not blend
  2. Traits are passed on independently

Social Psychology (4 decks)

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