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Health Final - Kick Ass! > Social Psychology Health Book > Flashcards

Social Psychology Health Book Flashcards

1
Q

What are daily hassles considered as?

A

Daily hassles are small stressors that build up overtime to lead individuals to experience higher levels of stress

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2
Q

Define Mediating Factors.

A

Mediating factors are characteristics that influence perception of or sensitivity to stressors.

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3
Q

What makes the difference whether someone gets stressed or not?

A

Their primary appraisal of the situation - if something seems fishy, then the secondary appraisal red flag goes up to make sure the threat can be handled.

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4
Q

According to the study with SSRS (social readjustment rating scale), what % of people became ill due to stressful events?

A

9% showed they were ill just because they were stressed out

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5
Q

What are the 2 processes that mediate the person-environment interaction?

A

Appraisal (primary and secondary) and Coping (AC is the mediator for the P x E)

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6
Q

what is meant by person-environment factor?

A

person-environment affect each other

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7
Q

what is a mediator in the context of stress?

A

a mediator is something or social support that affects the perception of sensitivity to stressors

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8
Q

what does LCU or life changing units have to do with illness?

A

LCU is a measure of stress on life changes - less than 150 LCU did better than those who scored over.

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9
Q

what serves as buffers for stress, for illness onset since stress alone doesn’t explain illness?

A

buffers: characteristics of the stressful situation, individual bio and psych attributes, the type of social support

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10
Q

T or F: the more severe a stressful situation, the more social support and individualistic characters contribute to understand illness.

A

False - the LESS severe a stressful situation, the more social support and characteristics contribute…

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11
Q

T or F: There is a correlation between personal characteristics and coronary disease

A

True

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12
Q

what are the 3 broad perspectives of the conceptualization of coping?

A
  1. Ego Processes
  2. Traits
  3. Special demands of specific kinds of situations such as Illness
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13
Q

Describe Reaction Formation

A

Pretend gratification by forming an opposite behavior of your initial behavior

ex: you “love” a hated rival
my sudden “respect” for evans is a perfect example of reaction formation

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14
Q

why are trait measures poor predictors of coping processes?

A

trait measures assume that everyone behaves consistently across situations

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15
Q

What is meant by “coping is a shifting process”

A

There’s no one way to cope for all situations - we must shift between our coping mechanisms

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16
Q

What is situation-oriented coping mechanism?

A

Coping strategies are strategies for maintaining or restoring interpersonal relationships, maintaining self-esteem; etc…

Almost like the situation should be tended to, NOT myself. This avoids feelings of self-crap.

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17
Q

what’s wrong with asking subjects how they “usually” deal with stressful events?

A

it implicates their personality into the decision and NOT the situation

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18
Q

what are the 3 types of stressful appraisals?

A

harmloss - damage has been done
threat - harm or loss not done yet
challenge - anticipated opportunity for mastery

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19
Q

T or F: Conceptualizing coping solely in terms of defensive or problem-solving process is adequate.

A

FALSE - Conceptualizing coping solely in terms of defensive or problem-solving process is NOT adequate. Problem-focused and emotional-focused coping is also important.

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20
Q

Studies by Cohen and Lazarus showed that coping is directed toward managing feelings of __________, ______, and ________

A

Studies by Cohen and Lazarus showed that coping is directed toward managing feelings of anxiety, fear, and dread

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21
Q

Would someone use emotion-focused coping if there are many alternatives to a problem or if they appraise a situation as holding few possibilies?

A

someone who sees just a few possibilities use emotion-focused coping

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22
Q

As one ages, which coping style increase, emotional or problem-focused coping?

A

emotional-focused coping increases because it correlates with health - and obviously, there’s more health concerns as we get older and less concerned with work

23
Q

What are the arguments to use the Ways of Coping checklist?

A
  1. assess coping in specific encounters
  2. allows person to characterize his or her coping thoughts and actions and they can indicate as many AS they want
  3. checklist is easy to use and doesn’t need training
24
Q

T or F: Acute illnesses have replaced chronic illness as major cause of disability and death

A

False - chronic illness has replaced acute illnesses

25
Q

What are the broader theories of the biopsychology mechanism and processes linking social relationships to health?

A

Distinguish between:

  1. existence of quantity of social relationships
  2. structure of the relationships (reciprocity)
  3. actual content of these relationships such as social support
26
Q

The current views on social relationships indicate that social relationships affect health how?

A

Social relationships foster sense of meaning that promotes health - friends facilitate health-improving behaviors with one another

27
Q

What % of the elderly in the homes showed overall improvement after making decisions for themselves, and having responsibilities other than themselves?

A

93% showed improvement! All you need to do is give people choices and responsibilities.

28
Q

T or F: The more severe HIV is the more the patient is involved

A

False - they play the “sick role” which keeps them from helping themselves

29
Q

What are the 4 primary themes that emerged when asking patients how involved they were in HIV diagnosis?

A
  1. joint decision making
  2. patient takes control and makes up their own minds
  3. initial passivity, then involvement
  4. patients as knowledge gatherers
30
Q

T or F: those who suffer from chronic ailments are more likely to take control over their illness than those who were suffering from nonchronic ailments.

A

True - someone with HIV might be better at informational gathering and collaborating with their doctor vs. someone who is having back pain

31
Q

When did activism crystallize after the HIV outbreaks?

A

activism started up 6 years after the first HIV outbreaks - ACT UP was one of the firsts.

32
Q

How do people cope with chronic ailments? (2 things here)

A
  1. They need to perceive control over the environment

2. They need to have a realistic sense of their ailment (it’s frustrating but it’s NOT terminal illness)

33
Q

What are the problems and frustrations regarding chronic illnesses?

A
  1. People don’t like to go to rehab!
  2. Side effects of meds.
  3. Difficulties with adherence
  4. Use of unproven remedies (ACV for acid reflux)
  5. Cognitive load and impairment - too many meds = loopy
34
Q

Why was AIDS activism so successful?

A

due to social disruptions - the “smart and quiet” ones emerged

35
Q

What were challenges to AIDS activism?

A
  1. Make-up of the group - some of the subgroups wanted anarchy while some wanted quiet protests
  2. Persecution for their social agenda - they were concerned with treatment and not preventative
36
Q

What do politicians worry about in regards to implementation of health laws?

A

they need to make sure their policies are in line w their constituents - also don’t want blame for implementation failures

37
Q

Who has influence over emergent health hazards and its policies and creation for treatments?

A

Business and professional leaders such as health care providers, the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (PMA), and the American Medical Association (AMA)

38
Q

when trying to implement something, an activist group might seek help from who to get the politicians to agree?

A

activist group –> lobbyists –> politicians

39
Q

Why does the National Institutes of Health (NIH) thrive?

A

They are autonomous and have specific disease lobbyist, outside scientists on review committees. The NIH basically does research and enhances scientific knowledge.

40
Q

T or F: The FDA is its own entity and is not influenced by political environments

A

False - FDA works with political environments

41
Q

Which organization’s primary job is to just recommend and provide technical assistance?

A

The CDC

42
Q

What type of matters does the Assistant Secretary for Health deal with?

A

Politically charged stuff - abortion, fetal tissue research, pharma regulations, animal experimentation; etc.

43
Q

What was the AIDS activism campaign attacked for?

A
  1. Using military tactics
  2. Excluding natural allies such as physicians
  3. Inadequate facilitation of diverse groups who suffered from HIV
44
Q

What are the roots of AIDS activism?

A

3 day stonewall riots in 1969 - it was the gay liberation movements

45
Q

Why was the epidemic 6 years old before the movement crystallized?

A

In 1987, author Larry Kramer warned that those in the audience WILL die unless they pressed for medication for AIDS.

Before that, gays were scared there would be increased discrimination against them if they spoke up about AIDs. Secondly, more than 20,000 cases were open by 1987. Also testing and research for drugs came about due to the surge of AIDs occurence.

46
Q

Is this model of activism applicable to other diseases?

A

women with breast cancer were very successful in gaining funds.

alzheimer’s not as much - they didn’t get approved while HIV proposal did just a few days before

47
Q

what effect does large activist groups such as AIDS, breast cancer, and alzheimers groups have on overall health policy?

A
  1. fighting for resources between themselves

2. taking all of the funds away from other illnesses

48
Q

What is the purpose of behavioral technologies?

A

to change people’s behaviors

49
Q

what did Lewin explain behavior technology?

A

valence, tension systems, and hypothetical constructs - helped shape social psychology

50
Q

Behavior technologies provide people in positions of ________ with the ability to solve problems involving exercising their influence.

A

Behavior technologies provide people in positions of POWER with the ability to solve problems involving exercising their influence.

51
Q

Why are there “losers” of behavior technology?

A

I think of it as a consumer - these big wigs are using psychology to manipulate us to buy things and do things we don’t want to do…. they TAKE OUR FREEDOM.

52
Q

T or F: behavior technologies are based on pushing people to change.

A

False - behavior technologies work best if there is a reduced restraint against change (celebrities endorsing president might influence people especially if they respect and like the person).

53
Q

what’s eating david kipnis in regards to behavior technologies?

A

I think he thinks it’s unethical - informed consent is largely ignored.

54
Q

If Kipnis knows that nothing can be done about the abuse of behavior technologies, what does he suggest?

A

he wants to examine how changes in technology alter people’s beliefs, feelings, and interactions; he wants people to reach ENLIGHTENMENT

Health Final - Kick Ass! (5 decks)

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