Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Social Psychology > Social Psychology Exam 1 > Flashcards

Social Psychology Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Tendency for people to exaggerate how much they could have predicted something before it occurred after knowing that it occurred.

A

Hindsight Bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do social psychologists for hypotheses and theories?

A
  • Inspiration from earlier theories and research
  • Disagree with previous researchers’ interpretations of studies
  • Inspired by personal observations in everyday life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Social influence can be studied scientifically is the ___________ ________.

A

Fundamental Principle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 types of research methods?

A
  • Observational - Correlational - Experimental
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Researcher observes people and systematically records behavior. (Focus = Description)

A

Observational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Two or more variables are systematically measured and the relation between them is assessed. (Focus = Prediction)

A

Correlational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Researcher randomly assigns participants to different conditions that are identical except for the independent variable. (Focus = Causality)

A

Experimental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Description of group/culture by observing it from the inside, to get an insider’s point of view.

A

Ethnography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Researcher examines the accumulated documents/archives of a culture.

A

Archival Analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Level of agreement between 2 or more people who independently observe and code a set of data.

A

Interjudge Reliability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some limits of observation?

A
  • Certain behaviors are hard to observe
  • Archival analysis may not have all the info you need
  • Limited to description
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Statistical technique that assesses how well you can predict one variable from another.

A

Correlation Coefficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Both variables go up, both go down.

A

Positive Correlation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

One variable goes up, the other goes down.

A

Negative Correlation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Representative sample of people asked about attitudes or behavior.

A

Survey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a limit of surveys?

A

Accuracy of responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some limits of the correlational method?

A

Does not equal causation, only tells us 2 variables are related.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is manipulated by the researcher.

A

Independent Variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is measured to see if it is affected by the IV.

A

Dependent Variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Making sure nothing besides the independent variable can affect the dependent variable. (control extraneous variable and randomly assign people to experimental conditions)

A

Internal Validity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Indicated likelihood that results of experiment occurred by chance instead of by the IVs. Its significant when p

A

Probability Level (p-value)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Extent to which results can be generalized to other situations and other people.

A

External Validity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The 2 kinds of external validity?

A

Generalizability across 1) Situations 2) People

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are some limits of experiments?

A

Artificial and distant from real life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Psychological processes triggered by experiments are similar to processes in real life.
Psychological Realism
26
Story given to participants used to maintain psychological realism.
Cover Story
27
A test for external validity?
Replication
28
Test for internal validity?
Meta-Analysis
29
Research conducted for intellectual curiosity
Basic Research
30
Research designed to solve a particular social problem
Applied Research
31
Research conducted across cultures to see if psychological processes are present in both or specific to 1
Cross-Cultural Research
32
Explains social behaviors in terms of genetic factors and adaptations to past environments.
Evolutionary Psychology
33
Examines connection between biological processes and social behavior.
Social Neuroscience
34
How people think about themselves and the social world. How they select/interpret/remember/use social info to make judgments and decisions.
Social Cognition
35
2 Types of Thinking?
- Automatic (quick, no conscious deliberation of thoughts/perceptions/assumptions) - Controlled (effortful, deliberate)
36
Mental structures that organize our knowledge of the social world. Influence what we notice/think/remember. Encompasses our knowledge and impression of other people, ourselves, social roles, and specific events.
Schemas
37
Extent to which schemas/concepts are at the forefront of people's minds and are likely to be used when making judgments about the social world.
Accessibility
38
Recent experiences increase the accessibility of a schema/trait/concept.
Priming
39
Schema can become accessible for 3 reasons.
1) Chronically accessible due to past experience. 2) Related to current goal. 3) Temporarily accessible because of a recent experience.
40
People have an expectation of what someone is like which influences how they act toward the person which causes that person to behave consistently with people's original expectations making the expectations come true.
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
41
Prime goals in a subtle way to see if it influences behavior.
Automatic Goal Pursuit
42
Distracting onseself prior to making a decision improves decision making.
Automatic Decision Making
43
Mental shortcuts people use to make judgments quickly and efficiently.
Judgmental Heuristics
44
People base a judgment on the ease of which they can bring something to mind.
Availability Heuristic
45
Mental shortcut where people classify something according to how similar it is to a particular case.
Representativeness Heuristic
46
Focus on objects without considering surrounding context. (Western cultures do it)
Analytic Thinking Style
47
Focus on overall context/relation between objects. (Eastern cultures do it)
Holistic Thinking Style
48
Mentally changing some aspect of the past in imagining what might have been. (Easier it is to undo, the stronger the emotional reaction to it)
Counterfactual Reasoning
49
Study of how we form impressions of and make inferences about other people.
Social Perception
50
How people communicate, intentionally or unintentionally, without words.
Nonverbal communication
51
Express of emit nonverbal behavior
Encode
52
Interpret the meaning of nonverbal behavior
Decode
53
The 6 major emotional expressions are ______.
Universal
54
Facial expressions where 1 part of the face registers 1 emotion while another part registers a different emotion.
Affect Blends
55
Dictate what kinds of emotional expressions people are supposed to show. (Are culture specific)
Display Rules
56
Nonverbal gestures that have well-understood definitions within a given culture. (are not universal)
Emblems
57
Drawing meaningful conclusions about another person's personality or skills based on an extremely brief sampling of behavior.
Thin-slicing
58
1st traits we perceive in others influence how we view the info that we learn about them later.
Primacy Effect
59
Tendency to stick with an initial judgment even in the face of new info that should prompt us to reconsider.
Belief Perseverance
60
2 Attribution Theories
1) Attribution Theory (Fritz Heider) | 2) Covariation Model (Harold Kelley)
61
The way in which people explain the causes of their own and other's behavior. (Internal = the cause is something about the person, external = the cause is something about the situation)
Attribution Theory
62
We make choices about internal versus external attributions by using 3 pieces of info (consensus, distinctiveness, consistency)
Covariation Model
63
Make internal attributions for other people's behavior and underestimate the role of situational factors.
Fundamental Attribution Error
64
Seeming importance of info that is the focus of people's attention.
Perceptual Salience
65
1) Make an internal attribution | 2) Adjust attribution by considering the situation
2 Step Attribution Process
66
Credit successes with internal factors and explain failures by blaming external factors. We do this to 1)Maintain self-esteem. 2)We want others to think well of us and admire us. 3)We know more about our situational factors than others.
Self-Serving Attributions
67
People get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
Belief In A Just World
68
Noticing others' bias but not our own.
Bias Blind Spot
69
Individualistic cultures prefer ______ attributions.
Internal
70
Collectivistic cultures prefer _______ attributions.
External

Social Psychology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions