Social psychology

Question 1

What are attitudes

Answer 1

Positive or negative evaluative reaction towards a stimulus, such as a person, action, object or concept

Question 2

When do attitudes influence behavior more strongly?

Answer 2

When situational factors that contradict our attitudes are weak

Question 3

What is conformity?

Answer 3

The adjustment of individual behaviours, attitudes and beliefs to a group standard

Question 4

What are factors that predict conformity?

Answer 4

。Group size - conformity increases as group size increases (up to 5)
。unanimity - presence of someone who disagrees with the group
。cohesion
。status
。public response
。lack of prior commitment

Question 5

What is social loafing?

Answer 5

tendency for people to expend less effort when working in a group compared to when working alone

Question 6

When is social loafing more likely to occur?

Answer 6

。the person believes the individual performance is not being monitored
。the task or group has less meaning to the person
。the personal generally displays low motivation to strive for success
。the person expects that other members will display high effort

Question 7

What is cognitive dissonance?

Answer 7

Conflict created by two opposing opinions

Question 8

How to people might resolve dissonance?

Answer 8

。Change behavior
。Acquire information - such as seeking exceptions
。Reduce the importance of their own cognitions

Question 9

When are messages more effective?

Answer 9

。Reaches recipient
。Attention grabbing
。Easily understood
。Relevant and important
。Easily remembered

Question 10

When are messengers more persuasive?

Answer 10

When they are:
。Credible
。Trustworthy
。Objective

Question 11

What is framing?

Answer 11

Refers to whether a message emphasises the benefits or losses of that behaviour

Question 12

When are loss-framed messages more beneficial

Answer 12

• ddd

Question 13

When are gain-framed messages more beneficial?

Answer 13

Kjashkjhad

Question 14

What are stereotypes?

Answer 14

-

Question 15

What are prejudices?

Answer 15

-

Question 16

What is discrimination?

Answer 16

-

Question 17

What is the bystander effect?

Answer 17

Presence of multiple bystanders inhibits each person’s tendency to help, often due to social comparison or diffusion of responsibility

Question 18

What is the 5-step bystander decision process?

Answer 18

1. Notice the event
2. Decide if the event is an emergency (social comparison - look at how others were responding)
3. Assume responsibility to intervene ( diffusion of responsibility - believing others will help)
4. Self-efficacy in dealing with the situation
5. Decision to help - based on a cost-benefit analysis: eg-danger.

Question 19

How can you increase helping behavior?

Answer 19

Reducing restraints on helping
• Reduce ambiguity and increase responsibility
• Enhance concern for self image

Socialise altruism
• Teaching moral inclusion
• Modelling helping behaviour
• Attributing helpful behaviour to altruistic motives
• Education about barriers to helping

Question 20

Factors that influence obedience

Answer 20

Dfg

Question 21

What is groupthink

Answer 21

Jhg

Question 22

What is group polarization

Answer 22

Jdhkj

Question 23

When is a groupthink more likely to happen

Answer 23

• Is insulated from outside input
• Is under high stress to reach a decision
• Has a directive leader
• Has high cohesiveness

Question 24

What are some leadership styles

Answer 24

Autocratic/authoritarian - all decision making powers is centralised with leader
Participative/democratic - leader gives instruction after consulting with group
Laissez-faire/free rein - leaves group entirely to itself