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AP Psychology > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

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0
Q

Social trap

A

A situation in which the conflicting parties pursue their own interests and can be caught in mutually harmful behavior

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1
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

Perceptions confirm themselves by influencing others to react in ways that seem to justify them

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2
Q

Self-serving bias

A

Leads each party to accept credit for good deeds and refuse the blame for bad deeds

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3
Q

Conflict

A

A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

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4
Q

Scapegoat theory

A

Theory that prejudice offers and outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

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5
Q

Conformity

A

Adjusting one’s behavior/thinking to coincide with a group standard

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6
Q

Super ordinate goals

A

Shared goals that override differences among people and require cooperation

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7
Q

Informational social influence

A

Influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality

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8
Q

Normative social influence

A

Influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
“Social norms”

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9
Q

GRIT

A

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-reduction

-designed to decrease international tensions

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10
Q

Social responsibility norm

A

We should help those who need our help, even if the costs outweigh the benefits

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11
Q

Reciprocity norm

A

The expectation that we should help those who have helped us

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12
Q

Social exchange theory

A

Our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

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13
Q

Bystander effect

A

The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

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14
Q

Altruism

A

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

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15
Q

Self-disclosure

A

Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

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16
Q

Equity

A

A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give

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17
Q

Companionate love

A

The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

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18
Q

Passionate love

A

An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

19
Q

Mere-exposure effect

A

The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

20
Q

“Mirror-image perceptions”

A

“We see them how they see us”

-each demonizes the other

21
Q

Frustration-aggression principle

A

Frustration- the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal, creates anger, which can generate aggression

22
Q

“The chameleon effect”

A

Unconsciously mimicking other’s expressions, postures and voice tones to help us feel what they are feeling

23
Q

Cognitive dissonance theory

A

When we bring attitudes into line with our actions to relieve tension

24
Q

Stanley Milgram

A

Conducted the electric shock experiment

63-65% complies fully to deliver full shock

25
Q

Leon Festinger

A

Proposed the cognitive dissonance theory

26
Q

Philip Zimbardo

A

Conducted the Stanford prison experiment

–> how role playing affects attitudes

27
Q

The foot-in-the-door phenomenon

A

A tendency for people who agree to a small action to comply later with a larger one

28
Q

Attribution theory

A

We tend to attribute others’s behavior to their internal dispositions or their external situations

29
Q

Fritz Heider

A

Proposed the attribution theory

“People usually attribute others behavior either to their internal dispositions or to their external situations”

30
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

The tendency for us to overestimate the influence of personality and underestimate the influence of the situation

31
Q

Attitudes

A

Beliefs and feelings that predispose our reactions to objects and events

32
Q

Social facilitation

A

Stronger performances in the presence of others. Occurs with simple or well-leaned tasks only

33
Q

Social loafing

A

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort towards attaining a goal when they are individually accountable

34
Q

Deindividuation

A

To be less self-conscious and less restrained when in a group situation

35
Q

Groupthink

A

The mode of thinking that occurs wen the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

36
Q

Personal control

A

The power of the individual

37
Q

Social control

A

The power of the situation

38
Q

Minority influence

A

The power of one or two individuals to sway majorities

39
Q

Prejudice

A

An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude towards a group

40
Q

Ingroup
And
Outgroup

A

“Us”- people with whom one shares a common identity

“Them”-those perceived as different or apart from one’s ingroup

41
Q

Ingroup bias

A

The tendency to favor one’s own group

42
Q

Just-world phenomenon

A

Good is rewarded and evil is punished
-blames the victim
The tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve, and deserve what they get

43
Q

Aggression

A

Any physical/verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

44
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Argued that our species has a volcanic potential to erupt in aggression. We have a self-destructive instinct “death instinct” (Thanatos)

45
Q

Group polarization

A

The enhancement of a group’s prevailing tendencies.

Occurs when people in a group discuss attitudes that most of them either favor or oppose

AP Psychology (8 decks)

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