Social Psychology

Question 0

Social trap

Answer 0

A situation in which the conflicting parties pursue their own interests and can be caught in mutually harmful behavior

Question 1

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 1

Perceptions confirm themselves by influencing others to react in ways that seem to justify them

Question 2

Self-serving bias

Answer 2

Leads each party to accept credit for good deeds and refuse the blame for bad deeds

Question 3

Conflict

Answer 3

A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

Question 4

Scapegoat theory

Answer 4

Theory that prejudice offers and outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Question 5

Conformity

Answer 5

Adjusting one’s behavior/thinking to coincide with a group standard

Question 6

Super ordinate goals

Answer 6

Shared goals that override differences among people and require cooperation

Question 7

Informational social influence

Answer 7

Influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality

Question 8

Normative social influence

Answer 8

Influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
“Social norms”

Question 9

GRIT

Answer 9

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-reduction

-designed to decrease international tensions

Question 10

Social responsibility norm

Answer 10

We should help those who need our help, even if the costs outweigh the benefits

Question 11

Reciprocity norm

Answer 11

The expectation that we should help those who have helped us

Question 12

Social exchange theory

Answer 12

Our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

Question 13

Bystander effect

Answer 13

The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

Question 14

Altruism

Answer 14

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Question 15

Self-disclosure

Answer 15

Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

Question 16

Equity

Answer 16

A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give

Question 17

Companionate love

Answer 17

The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

Question 18

Passionate love

Answer 18

An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

Question 19

Mere-exposure effect

Answer 19

The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

Question 20

“Mirror-image perceptions”

Answer 20

“We see them how they see us”

-each demonizes the other

Question 21

Frustration-aggression principle

Answer 21

Frustration- the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal, creates anger, which can generate aggression

Question 22

“The chameleon effect”

Answer 22

Unconsciously mimicking other’s expressions, postures and voice tones to help us feel what they are feeling

Question 23

Cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 23

When we bring attitudes into line with our actions to relieve tension

Question 24

Stanley Milgram

Answer 24

Conducted the electric shock experiment | 63-65% complies fully to deliver full shock

Question 25

Leon Festinger

Answer 25

Proposed the cognitive dissonance theory

Question 26

Philip Zimbardo

Answer 26

Conducted the Stanford prison experiment | --> how role playing affects attitudes

Question 27

The foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Answer 27

A tendency for people who agree to a small action to comply later with a larger one

Question 28

Attribution theory

Answer 28

We tend to attribute others's behavior to their internal dispositions or their external situations

Question 29

Fritz Heider

Answer 29

Proposed the attribution theory | "People usually attribute others behavior either to their internal dispositions or to their external situations"

Question 30

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 30

The tendency for us to overestimate the influence of personality and underestimate the influence of the situation

Question 31

Attitudes

Answer 31

Beliefs and feelings that predispose our reactions to objects and events

Question 32

Social facilitation

Answer 32

Stronger performances in the presence of others. Occurs with simple or well-leaned tasks only

Question 33

Social loafing

Answer 33

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort towards attaining a goal when they are individually accountable

Question 34

Deindividuation

Answer 34

To be less self-conscious and less restrained when in a group situation

Question 35

Groupthink

Answer 35

The mode of thinking that occurs wen the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

Question 36

Personal control

Answer 36

The power of the individual

Question 37

Social control

Answer 37

The power of the situation

Question 38

Minority influence

Answer 38

The power of one or two individuals to sway majorities

Question 39

Prejudice

Answer 39

An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude towards a group

Question 40

Ingroup And Outgroup

Answer 40

"Us"- people with whom one shares a common identity "Them"-those perceived as different or apart from one's ingroup

Question 41

Ingroup bias

Answer 41

The tendency to favor one's own group

Question 42

Just-world phenomenon

Answer 42

Good is rewarded and evil is punished -blames the victim The tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve, and deserve what they get

Question 43

Aggression

Answer 43

Any physical/verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

Question 44

Sigmund Freud

Answer 44

Argued that our species has a volcanic potential to erupt in aggression. We have a self-destructive instinct "death instinct" (Thanatos)

Question 45

Group polarization

Answer 45

The enhancement of a group's prevailing tendencies. | Occurs when people in a group discuss attitudes that most of them either favor or oppose