social psychology

Question 1

social psychology

Answer 1

the study of how people influence others

Question 2

attitude

Answer 2

attitude is an association between an act or object and an evaluation

Question 3

three components of attitude

Answer 3

1. cognitive component or belief
2. emotional or evaluative component
3. behavioural disposition

Question 4

ABC/CAB model

Answer 4

affective, behaviour, cognitive

Question 5

affective (model)

Answer 5

feelings or emotions linked to an attitude object

Question 6

behaviour (model)

Answer 6

feelings or emotions linked to an attitude object

Question 7

cognitive (model)

Answer 7

beliefs, thoughts and attributes associated with an object

Question 8

attitude strength

Answer 8

the durability of an attitude and its impact on behaviour

Question 9

when is an attitude durable

Answer 9

if it tends to persist over time and is resistant to change

Question 10

when does an attitude have impact

Answer 10

if it affects behaviour and influences the way the person thinks and feels

Question 11

attitude importance

Answer 11

the personal relevance of an attitude and the psychological significance of that attitude for an individual

Question 12

attitude accessibility

Answer 12

the ease with which an attitude comes to mind

Question 13

relationship between attitude importance and accessibility

Answer 13

the more easily an attitude comes to mind, the more importance we may assume that attitude holds for us

Question 14

implicit attitudes

Answer 14

attitudes that regulate thought and behaviour unconsciously and automatically

Question 15

cognitive complexity

Answer 15

the intricacy of thoughts about different attitude objects

Question 16

attitudinal ambivalence

Answer 16

the extent to which a given attitude object is associated with conflicting evaluative responses

Question 17

attitudinal coherence

Answer 17

the extent to which an attitude is internally consistent

Question 18

persuasion

Answer 18

deliberate efforts to change an attitude

Question 19

characteristics of persuasion

Answer 19

• source
• message
• channel
• context
• receiver

Question 20

ELM

Answer 20

model of persuasion that proposes that knowing how to appeal to people requires figuring out the likelihood that they will think much about (or elaborate on) the arguments (definition)

Question 21

central route

Answer 21

method of persuasion that involves inducing the recipient of a message to think carefully and weigh the arguments

Question 22

peripheral route

Answer 22

method of persuasion that appeals less to rational and thoughtful processes

Question 23

conservation psychology

Answer 23

the scientific study of the reciprocal relationships between humans and the rest of nature, with a particular focus on how to encourage conservation of the natural world

Question 24

cognitive dissonance

Answer 24

refers to a perceived discrepancy between an attitude and a behaviour or between an attitude and a new piece of information

Question 25

who developed the cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 25

Leon Festinger

Question 26

social cognition

Answer 26

the process by which people make sense of themselves, others, social interactions and relationships (in other words how people perceive and think about themselves and other people)

Question 27

identity

Answer 27

a stable sense of self, who we are and what our values and ideals are

Question 28

individual/personal identity

Answer 28

a sense of who we are

Question 29

social identity

Answer 29

a sense that we share commonalities with certain groups

Question 30

cultural identity

Answer 30

a sense that we belong to a distinct cultural or ethnic group

Question 31

first impressions

Answer 31

the initial perceptions of another person that affect future beliefs about that person

Question 32

the halo effect

Answer 32

the tendency to assume that positive qualities cluster together

Question 33

schemas

Answer 33

the patterns of thought hypothesised to organise human experience

Question 34

stereotypes

Answer 34

characteristics attributed to people based on their membership of specific groups

Question 35

prejudice

Answer 35

judging people based on negative stereotypes

Question 36

discrimination

Answer 36

behaviours that follow from evaluations or attitudes towards members of particular groups

Question 37

racism

Answer 37

prejudicial attitudes towards members of a particular ethic group on the belief that one’s ethnicity is superior

Question 38

ingroups

Answer 38

people perceived as belonging to a valued group

Question 39

outgroups

Answer 39

people perceived as not belonging to a valued group

Question 40

attribution

Answer 40

the process of inferring the causes of one’s own and others’ mental states and behaviours

Question 41

fundamental attribution error

Answer 41

the tendency to assume that other people’s behaviour corresponds to their internal states rather than external situations

Question 42

self-serving bias

Answer 42

a pervasive bias in social cognition in which people tend to see themselves in a more positive light than others see them

Question 43

confirmation bias

Answer 43

the tendency to seek out information that confirms one’s hypotheses