Social Psychology Flashcards
Levels of analyses
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Intergroup
Societal
Rosseau and Hobbes
Rosseau claimed people were born good - society made them bad
Hobbes claimed people were born bad - society made them good
ID
Most primitive part
contains most basic urges
Ego
Reality principle
Societal norms
Superego
Moral policeman
Guilt when rules are broken
Defense mechanisms
Displacement: impulses redirected into a safer course.
Reaction Formation: original wish is supplanted with the opposite
Projection: urges are projected onto others
Isolation: awareness of memories but not emotions
Oral stage
0-2
oral fixation, smoking, thumb-sucking
Anal stage
2-4
anal retentiveness, won’t spend money, obstinate, likes painting
Phallic Stage
4-6
castration anxiety can lead to homosexuality? This is the most
important stage. Talks about boys developing an Oedipus complex. Girls develop an
Electra complex
Genital stage
12+
Seek sexual gratification
LaPiere
Attitudes don’t always predict behaviours
Attitudes can be changed if
The source is credible, attractive and likeable
If we are approached, on sunny, happy days
Emotional appeals
Fear can work in circumstances where moderate to strong fear is evoked
There is a feasible way to reduce the threat
Frey and Rogner
Individuals who thought they were to blame spent 10 days longer in the hospital
Pessimist + health
Men who were pessimists had poorer health between 45-60
Self-Serving Bias
Taking credit for successes and not failures
Actor-Observer Bias
Attributing our failure to external factors
Attributing others failures to internal factors
Sources of Attribution
When making an attribution, Kelley (1967) claims that information can be derived from
sources indicating if Mr Brown is always hostile to you (consistency) if other people are
normally hostile to you (consensus) or if Mr Brown tends to be hostile towards other
people (distinctiveness)
Zajonc
Repeated stimulus to any stimulus makes it more appealing
Proximity
Proximity doesn’t work is there is personality differences
Emotionally aroused
People who were emotionally aroused rated others as more attractive
Blind date
The more attractive the dates were rated by the observers, the more they were liked by their date.
Social Facilitation
We perform better at tasks we are good at in the presence of others. The opposite for tasks we are not good at
Diffusion of responsibilty
People feel less responsibility in larger crowds
Deindividuation
The feeling of anonymity in the presence of others
Asch Conformity Experiment
75% agreed with the wrong answers
Milgram Obedience study
65% people went to highest level
Obedience is highest when learner out of sight and authority figure is close
Theory of planned behaviour
Positive attitudes, norms and control
Millers motorcycle study found
External attributions if they were from an Eastern culture and dispositional attributions if they
were from a Western culture.
Attributing another person’s success to their personality rather than their hard work
is an example of
The fundamental attribution error
