Social Psychology Flashcards
– the study of people in groups and
societies.
sociology
focuses more on individuals
and performs more experiments.
Social Psychology
explores personality’s
essence, development, structure, traits, dynamics,
individual differences, and negative expressions.
personality psychology
It is defined as the tendency to exaggerate one’s ability
to have foreseen how something turned out after
learning the outcome.
hindsight bias
is an interdisciplinary field that
explores the neural bases of social and emotional
processes and behaviors, and how these processes and
behaviors affect our brain and body.
Social neuroscience
had mentioned before, humans are social
animals.
aristotle
The belief that others are paying more attention to our
appearance and behavior than they are.
SPOTLIGHT EFFECT
The illusion that our concealed emotions leak out and
can be easily read by others. In reality, fewer than we
presume to notice the things we worry or think about.
ILLUSION TRANSPARENCY
When we are the only member of our race, gender,
or nationality in a group, we notice how we differ
and how others are reacting to our differences.
Social surroundings affect our self-awareness
When problems arise in a close relationship, we
usually blame others instead of ourselves. When
things go well at home or work or play, we see
ourselves as more responsible.
Self-interest colors our social judgment
In hopes of making a positive impression, we
agonize about our appearance. We also monitor
others’ behavior and expectations and adjust our
behavior accordingly.
Self-concern motivates our social behavior
In our varied relationships, we have varying
selves. How we think of ourselves is linked to the
person we’re with at the moment.
Social relationships help define our sense of self
It is what we know and believe about ourselves.
Self Concept
Helps us recognize our face and control the left side of
the body.
RIGHT HEMISPHERE
A neural pathway situated in the gap between the
hemispheres of our brain, located just behind our eyes, appears to play a role in weaving together our self-
awareness. Its activity increases when we engage in
self-referential thinking.
MEDIA PREFRONTAL CORTEX
Beliefs about self that organize and guide the processing
of self-relevant information.
SELF-SCHEMA
These are elements of our self-concept that help us
define the self.
SELF-SCHEMA
evaluating one’s opinions and
abilities by comparing oneself with others. The
standards by which we define ourselves are often
influenced by others. We compare ourselves with them
and consider how we differ.
Social Comparison
people feel like they are
more similar to the person above them than to the
person below them.
UPWARD COMPARISON
To make the self feel better, people compare themselves
to others whose characteristics or ranking appear to be
less desirable than their own.
DOWNWARD COMPARISON
a German term for when we may
derive some satisfaction from a peer’s misfortune in
private, especially when it occurs to someone we’re
jealous of and when we don’t perceive ourselves as
susceptible to similar setbacks.
Schadenfreude
who discovered THE LOOKING-GLASS SELF
Charles H. Cooley
pointed out that what’s significant
for our self-concept isn’t how others truly view us, but
how we imagine they perceive us.
George Herbert Mead
The concept of giving priority to one’s own goals over
group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of
personal attributes rather than group identifications.
INDIVIDUALISM
construing one’s identity as an
autonomous self.
Independent Self
Giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s
extended family or work group) and defining one’s
identity accordingly.
COLLECTIVISM
“Know thyself,” admonished an ancient Greek oracle.
SELF-KNOWLEDGE
The tendency to underestimate how long it will take to
complete a task.
PLANNING FALLACY
Overestimating the enduring impact of emotion-causing
events. Faster than we expect, the emotional traces of
such good tidings evaporate.
IMPACT BIAS
A person’s overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth.
It is the sum of all our self-views across various domains.
SELF-ESTEEM
It is a sense that one is competent and effective. It is
distinguished from self-esteem, which is one’s sense of
self-worth.
SELF-EFFICACY
a tendency to perceive oneself
favorably.
Self-serving bias
