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3rd year 1st sem > group dynamics midterm > Flashcards

group dynamics midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Two or more individuals who are connected by and
within social relationships.

A

GROUP

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2
Q

defined a group to be two or
more people in “face-to-face interaction as evidenced by
the criteria of gesticulation, laughter, smiles, talk, play or
work”.

A

John James

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3
Q

A small, long-term group characterized by frequent
interaction, solidarity, and high levels of
interdependence among members that substantially
influences the attitudes, values, and social outcomes of
its members.

A

I. PRIMARY GROUP

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4
Q

A relatively small number of individuals who interact with
one another over an extended period of time, such as
work groups, clubs, and congregations.

A

SECONDARY (SOCIAL) GROUP

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5
Q

A relatively large aggregation or group of individuals who
display similarities in actions and outlook.

A

COLLECTIVES

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6
Q

is a collection of individuals who are
similar to one another in some way.

A

CATEGORIES

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7
Q

a socially shared set of qualities,
characteristics, and behavioral expectations ascribed to
a particular group or category of people.

A

Stereotype

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8
Q

Tend to create divisions between people, and those
divisions can result in a sense of we and us versus they
and them.

A

Categories

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9
Q

The individuals who constitute a group.
 The qualities of the individuals who are members of the
group.

A

COMPOSITION (Who belongs to the Group?)

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10
Q

The relationships that link members to one another
define who is in the group and who is not.

A

BOUNDARIES (Who does NOT Belong?)

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11
Q

a set of interpersonally interconnected
individuals or groups.

A

Social Network

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12
Q

Groups are the setting for an infinite variety of
interpersonal actions.

A

INTERACTION (What Do Members Do?

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13
Q

the conjointly adjusted actions of
group members that pertain to the group’s projects,
tasks, and goals.

A

Task Interaction

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14
Q

the conjointly adjusted actions of group members that
relate to or influence the nature and strength of the
emotional and interpersonal bonds within the group,
including both sustaining (social support, consideration)
and undermining actions (criticism, conflict).

A

Relationship Interaction

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15
Q

mutual dependence, as when one’s
outcomes, actions, thoughts, feelings, and experiences
are influenced, to some degree, by other people.

A

Interdependence –

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16
Q

The organization of a group, including the members,
their interrelations, and their interactions.

A

STRUCTURE (How Is the Group Organized?)

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17
Q

— the complex of roles, norms, and
inter-member relations that organizes the group.

A

Group Structure

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18
Q

– specify the general behaviors expected of
people who occupy different positions within.

A

Roles

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19
Q

a consensual and often implicit standard that
describes what behaviors should and should not be
performed in a given context.

A

Norm

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20
Q

those in which new members can join
at any time. It promotes inclusivity and diversity.

A

Open Groups

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21
Q

those in which all members begin the
group at the same time. It provides a sense of security
and confidentiality.

A

Closed Groups

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22
Q

Who distinguishes among four
basic group goals:

A

Joseph E. McGrath (1984)

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23
Q

Groups concoct the strategies they
will use to accomplish their goals

A

Generating:

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24
Q

What is type 1

A

planning
tasks

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25
Q

What is Type 2

A

creativity
tasks

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26
Q

what is type 3

A

intellective
tasks

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27
Q

Groups make decisions about issues
that have correct solutions

A

choosing

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28
Q

What is type 4

A

decision-making tasks

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29
Q

Groups resolve differences of opinion
among members regarding their goals or decisions

A

negotiating

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30
Q

type 5

A

cognitive conflict tasks

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31
Q

type 6

A

mixed-motive tasks

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32
Q

type 7

A

contests/battles/competitive tasks)

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33
Q

type 8

A

performances/psychomotor tasks

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34
Q

Groups dealing with conceptual tasks

A

(Types 2–5)

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35
Q

Groups dealing with behavioral tasks

A

(Types 1, 6, 7,
8)

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36
Q

Conflict tasks

A

(Types 4–7)

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37
Q

Cooperative tasks

A

(Types 1–3,
and 8)

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38
Q

which are deliberately formed by its
members or an external authority for some purpose.

A

Planned Groups

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39
Q

which come into existence
spontaneously when individuals join together in the
same physical location or gradually over time as
individuals find themselves repeatedly interacting with
the same subset of individuals.

A

Emergent Groups

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40
Q

Who combine both the planned-
emergent dimension and the internal-external dimension

to generate the following fourfold taxonomy of groups:

A

Social psychologists Holly Arrow, Joseph E. McGrath,

and Jennifer L. Berdahl

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41
Q

are planned by individuals or
authorities outside of the group.

A

concocted groups

42
Q

are planned by one or more
individuals who remain within the group.

A

Founded groups

43
Q

are emergent, unplanned
groups that arise when external, situational forces
set the stage for people to join together, often
temporarily, in a unified group.

A

Circumstantial groups

44
Q

emerge when interacting
individuals gradually align their activities in a
cooperative system of interdependence.

A

Self-organizing groups

45
Q

is the integrity, solidarity, social
integration, unity, and groupiness of a group

A

Group Cohesion

46
Q

of a group resulting from the
development of strong and mutual interpersonal bonds
among members and group-level forces that unify the
group, such as shared commitment to group goals and
esprit de corps.

A

unity

47
Q

describe the extent to which a group
seems to be a single, unified entity—a real group.

A

ENTITATIVITY (Does the Group Look Like a Group?)

48
Q

The apparent cohesiveness or unity of an assemblage
of individuals; the quality of being a single entity rather
than a set of independent, unrelated individuals

A
  1. ENTITATIVITY
49
Q

FIVE LAWS OF GESTALT

A
  1. Law of Similarity
  2. Law of Proximity
  3. Law of Common Fate
  4. Law of Prägnanz (good form)
  5. Law of Permeability
50
Q

the influential interpersonal
processes that occur in and between groups over time.

A

Group dynamics

51
Q

formation of the group.

A

FORMATIVE PROCESSES

52
Q

influencing each other and
getting along with one another.

A

INFLUENCE PROCESSES

53
Q

group get things
done.

A

PERFORMANCE PROCESSES

54
Q

all groups are
embedded in a social and environmental context.

A

CONTEXTUAL PROCESSES

55
Q

conflict is omnipresent in
and between groups.

A

CONFLICT PROCESSES

56
Q

he identified five process stages in his theory of group
development.

A

Bruce Tuckman

57
Q

Shared assumptions about the phenomena they study;
and a set of research procedures.

A

paradigm

58
Q

low social integration, lacks altruism,
self-centered

A

egoistic

59
Q

high social integration, for the
common good

A

altruistic

60
Q

low moral regulation, lack of purpose,
sudden

A

anomic

61
Q

high moral regulation, oppressive
surrounding

A

Fatalistic

62
Q

widely shared beliefs
and the cornerstone of society according to Durkheim.

A

Collective Representations

63
Q

explaining social phenomena in terms
of the group as a whole instead of basing the explanation
on the individual-level processes within the group;
ascribing psychological qualities, such as will,
intentionality, and mind, to a group rather than to the
individuals within the group

A

Group Fallacy

64
Q

a
hypothetical unifying mental force linking group
members together; the fusion of individual
consciousness or mind into a transcendent
consciousness.

A

Group Mind (or Collective Consciousness)

65
Q

the view that recognizes that
a complete explanation of group processes and
phenomena requires multiple levels of analysis,
including individual (micro), group (meso), and
organizational or societal (macro) level.

A

Multilevel Perspective

66
Q

factors include the qualities, characteristics,
and actions of the individual members.

A

Micro-level

67
Q

factors are group-level qualities of the
groups themselves, such as their cohesiveness, their
size, their composition, and their structure.

A

Meso-level

68
Q

factors are the qualities and processes of
the larger collectives that enfold the groups, such as
communities, organizations, or societies.

A

Macro-level

69
Q

a measurement method that involves
watching and recording the activities of individuals and
groups.

A

Observation

70
Q

openly watching and
recording information with no attempt to conceal
one’s research purposes.

A

Overt Observation

71
Q

watching and recording
information on the activities of individuals and
groups without their knowledge.

A

Covert Observation

72
Q

the researcher is
watching and recording group activities as a
member of the group or participant in the social
process.

A

Participant Observation

73
Q

involves specification
of the exact actions, attributes, or other variables
that are to be recorded and precisely how they are
to be recorded.

A

Systematic Observation

74
Q

– a measure’s consistency across time,
components, and raters. For example, if a rater, when
she hears the statement, “This group is a boring waste
of time,” always classifies it as a Category 12 behavior,
then the rating is reliable.

A

Reliability

75
Q

consistency across raters. For
example, if different raters, working independently, all code the statement similarly, the rating has

A

Interrater reliability

76
Q

two different administrations of
the same test.

A

Test-retest Reliability

77
Q

different forms of the
same test.

A

Alternate-forms Reliability

78
Q

an estimate of the
reliability of a test can be obtained without developing an
alternate form of the test and without having to
administer the test twice to the same people.

A

Internal Consistency Reliability

79
Q

the extent to which the technique measures
what it is supposed to measure.

A

Validity

80
Q

establishes a cause-and-
effect relationship between the IV and the DV.

A

Internal Validity

81
Q

the extent to which results
can be generalized to other contexts beyond the
specific context in which the study was
conducted.

A

External Validity

82
Q

generalize a study’s
findings to real-world situations.

A

Ecological Validity

83
Q

can discriminate a
classification over another classification. the ability to
separate good credit quality from bad credit quality.

A

Discriminative Powers

84
Q

– assessment methods, such as
questionnaires, tests, or interviews, that ask
respondents to describe their feelings, attitudes, or
beliefs.

A

Self-Report Measures

85
Q

a pioneer in the field of group
dynamics, used self-report methods to study the social
organization of groups of young women living in adjacent
cottages at an institution.

A

Jacob Moreno

86
Q

– a method for measuring the relationships
among members of a group and summarizing those
relationships graphically (developed by Jacob Moreno).

A

Sociometry

87
Q

a research technique that draws on
multiple sources of information to examine, in-depth, the
activities and dynamics of a group or groups.

A

Case Study

88
Q

naturally occurring groups, such
as audiences, boards of directors, clubs, or teams,
compared to ad hoc groups created for research
purposes.

A

Bona Fide Groups

89
Q

a group or collective that individuals
use as a standard or frame of reference when selecting
and appraising their abilities, attitudes, or beliefs;
includes groups that individuals identify with and admire
and categories of non-interacting individuals.

A

Reference Group

90
Q

– the tendency for people to have
better memories for actions and events that they are
personally connected to in some way.

A

Self-Reference Effect

91
Q

– the tendency for group
members to have better memories for actions and
events that are related, in some way, to their group.

A

Group-Reference Effect

92
Q

it releases prosocial
behaviors and the hypothalamus releases this.

A

Neuropeptide Oxytocin

93
Q

approach assumes groups are
complex, adaptive, dynamic systems of interacting
individuals.

A

systems theory

94
Q

widely used method for testing the
normality of a dataset and if the participants are exactly
50 and below.

A

Shapiro-Wilk Test

95
Q

a standardized statistic that
measures the strength and direction of a relationship
between two variables.

A

Correlation Coefficient

96
Q

leader let the members themselves
make their own decisions.

A

The democratic

97
Q

leader made all the decisions for the
group.

A

The autocratic

98
Q

leader gave the group members very
little guidance.

A

The laissez-faire

99
Q

a mental condition
that causes physical symptoms without a clear
medical cause.

A

Conversion Disorder

100
Q

who examined the effectiveness of differing styles of
leadership in one of the first experimental studies of
groups.

A

Psychologists Kurt Lewin, Ronald Lippitt, and Ralph
White

3rd year 1st sem (4 decks)

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