social psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

what do social psychologist study?

A

how social influence, social perception and social interaction influence individual and group behavior

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2
Q

what are the different types of attributions?

A

internal and external, or personal and situational

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3
Q

what are attitudes?

A

summary evaluations of people, groups, ideas, and other objects, reflecting whether individuals like or dislike them.

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4
Q

define attitudes

A

feeling often influenced by the beliefs that predispose reactions to people or events or objects

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5
Q

attitudes affecting actions

A

peripheral route persuasion, central route persuasion

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6
Q

actions affecting attitudes

A

foot in the door phenomenon, role-playing

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7
Q

what is peripheral route persuasion?

A

persuasion which does not rely on the intrinsic merits of an argument

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8
Q

what is central route persuasion?

A

uses facts and information to persuade potential consumers

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9
Q

what is the def of prejudice?

A

unjustifiable, a preconceived judgment, opinion or attitude directed toward certain people based on their membership in a particular group

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10
Q

what is foot in the door phenomenon?

A

when a friend asks to borrow a small amount of money, then later asks to borrow a larger amount.

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11
Q

what is role playing?

A

a technique, most often utilized in psychotherapy and skills training, whereby the child is instructed to reenact a response encountered in a specified situation.

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12
Q

what is cognitive dissonance theory?

A

Cognitive dissonance was first investigated by Leon Festinger, arising out of a participant observation study of a cult that believed that the earth was going to be destroyed by a flood, and what happened to its members — particularly the really committed ones who had given up their homes and jobs to work for the cult — when the flood did not happen.

While fringe members were more inclined to recognize that they had made fools of themselves and to “put it down to experience,” committed members were more likely to re-interpret the evidence to show that they were right all along (the earth was not destroyed because of the faithfulness of the cult members).

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13
Q

what is altruism?

A

In psychological research, altruism is conceptualized as a motivational state that a person possesses with the goal of increasing the welfare of another person

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14
Q

what is the bystander effect and what contributes to it?

A

the inhibiting influence of the presence of others on a person’s willingness to help someone in need

contribution: diffusion of responsibility and social influence.

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15
Q

what is the social exchange theory?

A

people will help others only when the benefits to themselves outweigh the costs of helping.

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16
Q

what were the findings in Asch’s conformity?

A

75% of unaware subjects conformed based on the answers of other participants

17
Q

what were the findings of Milgram’s obedience?

A

65 percent of the subjects (26 out of 40) continued to inflict shocks right up to the 450-volt level, despite the learner’s screams, protests, and, at the 330-volt level, disturbing silence.

18
Q

what were the findings of Zimbardo’s prison experiment?

A

many of the normal, healthy mock prisoners suffered such intense emotional stress reactions that they had to be released in a matter of days